Research Paper

Christian Brothers University

ECIS- Management of Information Systems

Dr. Hari Chand Nair

Table of contents

Introduction 4

Why do we need IOT 4

IOT adaption in manufacturing 5

Benefits 5

IOT Features 5

Connect 6

Analyze 7

Integrate 8

IOT Architecture 8

Business layer 8

Application layer 8

Processing layer 8

Transport layer 8

Perception layer 8

Applications of IOT 9

Agriculture 9

Healthcare 9

Smart Homes 9

Smart Cities 10

Smart Cars 10

Smart Grids 10

Cloud infrastructure 10

Architecture of fog computing 12

Characteristics of fog computing 12

Distributed nodes 12

Mobility 12

Real time Response 12

Interaction with cloud 12

What is Raspberry pi 13

Setting up Raspberry pi 2 13

Setting up Raspberry pi 3 14

Capabilities of Raspberry pi 14

Preparing Raspberry pi 15

Booting up our pi for first time 15

Setting up a SD card 15

Creating the SD card in windows 16

Creating the SD card in MacIntosh OS X 16

Creating the SD card in Linux 16

Using NOOBS 17

Noobs and Berry Boat 17

Updating the pi 18

Adding Internet Access to Pi 18

Accessing your Raspberry pi 3 from your Host Pc 18

Setting up the Raspberry Pi Zero 19

References 20

Introduction of IOT

Internet of things is nothing but connecting everyday things which are embedded with electronics, software and sensors to the internet and this in turn enables us to collect as-well as exchange between these things now when I say things it can be anything and everything let’s say I have an internet platform where I can connect these things if I take the example of my house I can connect my lock, I can connect my AC, I can connect my light and all these can be managed on the same platform now since I have a platform so if I can also connect my car to this and I can keep a track of my fuel meter and I can also keep a track of my speed limit and also the location of the car as well and let’s say tomorrow you come back home it would be great if I wouldn’t even need a key to unlock my door my home system should be aware that I have come home and should unlock all the doors that are needed and now this can be done if my mobile and my home devices are connected onto the same platform based on the location of my mobile it can identify that I am in my home so will automatically unlock the door and let me come in as well these are some of the real world implications of internet of things these are something that are already happening. (Morgan J, 2014, p. 245).

Why do we need IOT

Let’s understand why do we need internet of things, now let’s look at an example that there is patient at home and he’s on constant life support where his status is being checked to a health monitoring system present on the clock let’s say at a point there is certain issue with respect to his health let’s say there’s some irregularity with his heartbeat or his blood pressure is low there is some fluid being there lap or sofa, now what happens is since the system is connected to a hospital as well this information would get passed on to the hospital as well there and what would happen is that they would get the complete details.

(Vuppalapati C, 2016, p. 293–296). with respect to the patient and the important information with respect to the current situation of the patient as well and enable them to dispatch an ambulance immediately to bring the patient back to the hospital as well so this in turn brings in a lot of transparency and reduces a lot of effort and time involved so if a system can do this then this is exactly where our future lies it and what we have to definitely move forward to now internet of things basically is expanding the interdependence to humans. There are three things to be explained about interact, contribute and collaborate with these things around us know what do i mean by interdependence of humans how we depend on each other or if we can expand this interdependence to interact collaborate and contribute with respect to the different things around us then we would be building a proper internet of things environment this would be a much safer secure effortless and time saving environment into existence.

IOT Adaption in Manufacturing

IOT solutions are being adopted by big manufacturing companies and many organizations which helps them to monitor their respective asserts and their operational efficiencies and the manufacturing solutions enables the organization for tracking the assets and also receiving the notifications when the maintenance of assets is due and it also provides an accurate representation for the physical asset and it also helps for identifying the problems and it also allows the managers to optimize the process. (Mourtzis D, 2016, p.290–295).

Benefits of IOT

The benefit of having an internet of things platform would efficiently utilize the resources that are available if i have a smart system which can interact with empty if it has enough computational power if it has enough understanding of how things work between each other I’m quite sure the usage of the resources away will be more efficient as per this resource could be in terms of monetary it could be in terms of natural resource it could also be an input taken up by the thing as an input and so far so this can be more efficient if i have a platform which is more smarter and interconnected and apart from this it minimizes the human effort involved if my system is smart enough to interact it to filter smart enough to do things that i don’t need to get involved with then my interaction is always going to be made this is same with everyone that’s one of the major reasons why internet of things has become popular today and the concept of smart home is always growing as well in the same perspective because if the system in itself is able to do most of my work at home then i don’t need to put in much effort i can relax at home without having to worry about anything and the next benefit would be it saves time if it reduces my human effort definitely it is going to save my time and apart from that if the resources are utilized more efficiently then it is going to save a lot more time. (Ali SM, 2017, p 985).

So time is one of the major factor that can be saved on an internet of things platform and if i have an artificial intelligence platform through which all of this is managed and maintained then the personalization and the human touch also comes into the picture now today most of us have had a level of interaction with an artificial intelligence or a virtual intelligence this could be a personal assistant like SIRI or it could be an assistance application like GOOGLE assistant now if i have a system where all these components and things are interconnected then in turn all the security present on each of these things is going to get multiplied and it’s going to build a much more secure system and apart from that the level of security that you would be integrating to the platform in itself is going to be quite cute so the overall security with respect to everything is going to increase multiple times as well.

IOT features

Internet of things is one of the major technologies in the world today that can help any other technology reach its true and complete potential as well, now there are mainly 3 aspects to IOT as to

1) connect

2) Analyze

3) Integrate

The connect aspect here basically what you need to work on is you need to ensure that there’s connectivity between all the things around you all the necessary things to the IOT platform then comes analyzed now i have my things around me they each are going to generate some amount of data so this data needs to be collected and it needs to be analyzed to build a

business intelligence solution if i have a good insight from the data that is gathered from all of this then definitely i can call my system as a smart system finally what happens is in order to improvise and improve your system you need to integrate it with various models to improve the

users experience as well let’s say this is a personalization module or let’s say there’s going to be

an aspect where i can directly connect to my providers and the provider may be amazon or it could be flip card it could also be my retail store that is next to me let’s say I’m out of milk so we’ll get a notification and he would send milk right away so there are a lot of things that i can do when i integrate this with respect to various models improve the overall experience to a single user or a group of users or the world itself as such now.

In connect there is again 3 types they are a) Device virtualization b) High speed messaging C) Endpoint management.

let’s start with connect now the first stage of connect is device virtualization because

what you need to first do is that you need to standardize the integration of the device to the enterprise platform which is present on the clock now it could be present on a cloud

(Satoh I, 2014, p.161–168) and it could be present on a server but again it’s all going to be connected through the internet so what i need to ensure that certain level of standard is present on the device so that it can go on and connect to my internet of things platform.

Next comes high speed messaging so now what i have done is that i have connected all these devices to my platform but these in turn generate a lot of data and this data is what os going to help us understand better on how we can improve the overall system and help and provide the user with better experience so for that we need to have high-speed messaging and it basically means that there needs to be a reliable secure and a bi- directional communication channel between the devices and the platform and the purpose of being bi-directional is because you need to control each one of them and let’s say i want to switch on the Ac then the signal would be going on from the cloud platform to the device so this is how it works, so every communication needs to be reliable it needs to be secure and it needs to be bi-directional.

The third point of Carnac that you need to have endpoint management if i do not have an endpoint then I have established a way through which all my devices can connect to my platform and i have also ensured that the data is going to be sent from the device to the cloud and the cloud can send back to the device through a secure channel but if i do not actually identify from which device which data is coming and how this data has to be processes then it becomes a failure of the system this is “where endpoint management comes into picture and it also helps you in managing the devices endpoint identity the metadata and the overall lifecycle involved with respect to these things”. (Ahmad A, 2016, p.1101–1107).

1) Analysis

They are again divided into three types

a) stream processing b) Data enrichment c) event store

The first thing to do is analysis is the stream processing now if the data coming from the device is not on a real time basis then my system is off no use and there is no use if i tell my system to switch on the AC at my home and by the time i reach there if the AC is not even turned on then it’s a failure on my system, so real time analysis of the incoming and outgoing data and must be done with respect to different aggregations it filtering correlations processing and so far and basically any information that you want can be queried and visualized from the vassal amount of data which is present on my cloud platform so this can also help me to get a better insight analysis i have all the enriched data present on my cloud platform i have a tool which helps me identify what is needed helps me analyze this data health-some utilize it then definitely it becomes more useful aspect and when i have data coming from different things and this in turn can also lead to being a collection of big data now when i talk about big data it’s not just few “GB of data it’s going to be terabytes of data because the data generated from the things around us is that way and if you are doing it over a period of time then definitely it is going to grow into a big data domain”. (Berlian MH, 2016, p 403–408).

Now coming to third feature of internet of things and in the integrate there are again divided into

a) Enterprise connectivity

Let say i have a requirement from my retailer or even an enterprise organization which is amazon or any enterprise organization which provides me a service if i can connect to them through this platform then definitely my overall process also becomes easier and let’s say there’s a problem with respect to my electricity then it can contact to the corresponding service provider and it can send them a detail and corresponding they would be dispatched this would in turn reduce my effort of having to check the problem having to call someone and wait for them to come back all that gets reduced to minimal required effort.

b) REST Api’s

So now how does this communication operate so for that we have REST API once i integrated my Rest Api with respect to the cloud application and my internet of things then communication between the enterprise communication between the platform and the communication between the things around us can be made more efficient and can be easier.

C) Command and Control

If i don’t have command and control on my platform then it’s off no use yes if i build a very great environment and if i build something that’s quite extraordinary but if we cannot command it if i cannot control it as per my requirement then the system in itself is not useful and for example if i cannot tell my door in my smart home to unlock when i want it then it becomes failure on my part so always the major aspects when you integrate with respect to these things the major thing is that you need to ensure this a huge control on the system and you’re able to “command it as for your record and this command could either be through a voice based recognition you could also send me a message that you can send through your mobile application”. (Bhagya, 2017, p12).

IOT Architecture

They are three types of layers 1) Application layer 2) Network layer 3) perception layer When we come down to the IOT ecosystem there’s single consensus or again there’s single architectural design that’s out there which is agreed universally because each company and each organization and each user for that matter has different requirements and they are divided into three level architecture where and we have a perception layer where centers actually gather the information from the environment around it and once this is done them i’m going to use and i’m going to pass this information to the network layer then the network layer in itself takes the responsibility of transferring this data from the sensors to the next layer, which is the application layer now here the main objective of the responsibility is the application delivers this information to the end user or the end platform for those matters and this architecture can also be expanded to a five-layer architecture.

1) Business layer

2) Application layer

3) Processing layer

4) Transport layer

5) Perception layer

When we had three layers that were broken this down so that we have an easier operation or a smoother system for that matter, now again the perception layer remains same when it gathers the information from the sensors, but the transport layer actually transports the data between the sensor to the processing center now, this could be through a wireless system and it could be through a Bluetooth and it could be two RFID 3G NFC or any medium that i choose too once the information has been transmitted the processing layer comes into picture which actually stores the relevant information analyzes this and again processes it as per the users requirement and now again this could employ various databases cloud computing services as well as big data processing modules to store this information as well as process it for that matter once this is done i will give the information to the application layer which is actually responsible for delivering superior services to the end user and on top of all of this stands your business lamp now any device when it is working on a large scale environment a business layer is used. So, for example let’s say I’m working in an organization where we are using multiple pumps for different views features in different locations so business layer here actually monitors the complete functioning of these parts.

Coming down to how i can process it again this can be divides into two segments, i have my cloud computing based processing and here it’s quite simple once i have the information i pass it on to the cloud platform which then in turn and processes it and also has various applications to deal with this process information and again this is something that i can do on a system which does not require any immediate action and requires a large amount of processing for that segment but let’s say” I’m in a system where i need immediate response in those cases i can go with my fog computing and now again fog computing is something that represents a layered approach wherein we actually insert monitoring pre processing and storage with the security layer between the physical and the transport layer and let’s take an real world example of complete traffic system”. (Rizwan P, 2016, p. 1–7).

Which is built on my internet of things now let’s say there is an ambulance that has come to a first signal i detect this and what i do is that i allow the ambulance to move from the traffic signal by giving it a green light but what you need to understand is if I’m using a cloud computing this message has to be passed on to the cloud and this information has to be then process and then correspondingly a map has all stood to be created at the same time when i use a fog approach what happens is that all the pre-processing and the storage happens on the gateway level itself so the information from the sensor goes all the way till the gateway and it actually processes this and store the relevant information. (Madsen H, 2013, pp. 43–46), Then sends this back to the discourage ponding sensors as well so let’s say if there’s an immediate track that i can create to the closest hospital and i would highlight all the traffic signals to be green so that the ambulance can move smoothly and here security is very essential because if i implement this tomorrow anyone can try to manipulate this for their requirements.

In the IOT architecture there is Middleware segment and they are classified into 1) interoperability & programming abstraction 2) Device discovery and management 3) Scalability 4) Big data analytics 5) Security and privacy 6) cloud services 7) context detection and the key challenges are one of the key issues that comes into the picture is the inter operate ability as well as the program abstraction and example let us think i have 40,000 devices communication with each other and 40,000 devices may not all use the same programming language or may not pass the information in the same way and i need to build or i need to have something that ensures that these devices communicate with each other and there is an abstraction maintained between the information pass from these and if have multiple devices also what i need to ensure is that these devices independently discoverable and i can manage each of them and today i need to aware if one single sensor also breaks down because the information coming from the sensor is extremely important. (Bonomi F, 2011, p. 13–15).

When it comes into scalability it is extremely useful because when I need to grow my ecosystem this middleware really comes into picture and if i can replace an existing middleware with something i can help me scale up, then i don’t have to completely variate my entire ecosystem with respect to it usually when a highly capable middleware, then it also lets me perform big data analytics and implement security and privacy and this in turn usually helps me communicate with my cloud computing and also context detection the again and when you come down to the middleware segment, then the respective specifications of the application and what kind of database is it oriented and what kind of events can process and what kind of process are provided so these are some aspects while selecting your middleware for your architecture.

Applications of IOT

1)Agriculture

Agriculture can provide everything to the farmers that they need to basically step up their game in producing crops and as well as we can monitor systems and it can be a soil parameter monitoring systems and it can be a water monitoring systems and it can be a soil parameter monitoring systems it can be automated systems of our cultivating crops or whatever it is so keeping the agricultural sector updated so keeping the agricultural sector connected to the rest of the world via the internet and ensuring that they get everything that they require to create smart products and putting these smart products to use well that’s everything about iot with respect to agriculture without which none of us can survive without which we cannot be here right now , so this is the number one application.

2)Healthcare

Health is the next best thing so health is the thing which takes priority over everything else , so consider this situation let’s say you are away from your doctor but you do have an access to the internet and in the future sense you pop a tiny pill and this bill will basically have a trans receiver which can talk to your mobile device which is connected to the iot so which is connected to the network layer and through which your doctor can check out certain aspects of parameters of what’s happening with your body to the pill that you just ate and your physician might be thousands of miles away from you and it wouldn’t matter because it would be 90 % similar situation where the physician would be right next to you and of course in the world of healthcare iot is booming and iot is being put to use every single day and there are new aspects and also new prospects which are generated with respect to healthcare every single day. ( Khan MUS, 2018, p 82–91).

3)Smart homes

I personally make use of a smart home with s lot of iot devices connected so for example my house lighting it’s automated and everything from keeping your door lock to be smart or ensuring the gps location of everyone in the house you can have a thermostat to automatically control the temperature and automated camera tracking you can have smart lawn which can water itself whenever it feels like it is dry enough so that it requires water you can have an automated smart cooktop which can control the temperature be it live tracking of all of your vehicles and parcels or whatever it is and of course in today’s world where water is a strong requirement you can ensure you can put smart devices under your water tabs where you can continuously track and monitor water usage.

4)Smart cities

Basically this generates and creates smart cities around the world with respect to smart cities basically it’s a combination of smart homes and multiple other features like keeping a database basically keeping a database is for example all the people who use electric cars and ensuring that you can create one single network where everyone can have access to their smart goodies and their smart products which is powered by the world of iot and in this the first component of revolutions like in mobile as a more ip devices than people now a days so the persons used to have more than one device and now a days more than one billion smartphones at the end of 2013 and the mobile affects the daily lives so this is the major part if I collect the data has to be given the mobile development applications so that’s the reason the industries are targeting the first component of revolution is like in mobile devices. (Ahlgren B, 2016, p. 52–56).

5)Smart cars

The self-driving smart car is the fastest growing application of big data enabled IoT. It is estimated that 10 million self-driving cars will be on the road by 2020. Manufacturers need to perfect the self-driving car technology, and big data analytics is taking an important part in their efforts. These big data enabled IoT connected cars will cut down the traffic accidents and collisions by communicating among each other and predicting any upcoming collision scenarios. Combined with the sensors in the parking areas, the big data enabled IoT connected cars will also cut down on fuel usage and spacing problems in the cities. A lot of research work is still required to convert this dream into a reality.

6)Smart grids

The smart grids differ from normal power grids as they depend upon architecture for communication of information among different sections. Moreover, the smart grid also deploys various smart devices for controlling and predicting the states of the smart grids. Using big data analytics, the smart grid predicts the power outages and prepare in advance to minimize the damages. Similarly, big data-enabled IoT-aided smart grids help in reducing the operational cost of the power grids.

7)Cloud infrastructure

So in this cloud infrastructure once the data is collected and how this data has to be secured and how the authentication has to be done in cloud how the analysis has to be in cloud and then after the analysis what kind of an ga representation has to be done from the cloud so all this process will be done in a cloud so in this process it is like 67 percent of adult internet users in the US use personal cloud services so in my mobile phone the first component in my mobile device how much of an data I can store it may be but now a days the devices are coming with the 32gb, 64gb so it’s not enough in my life time so google is providing a cloud with my Gmail and drop box is providing me cloud so in the same way different cloud storages are there so this cloud storage will access my data and also allow the users to store the data in my cloud because I never like to store my devices the data in my specific device or physical device so we concentrate more on to store the data and cloud because of seamless access of the data from the different devices so dye cloud will replace the pc of course so we don’t want an pc actually and there is an nsa affair ( national security agency ) it is nothing but “global surveillance disclosure so nsa affair is an u.s base of the national security agency so after regarding the security “( Ali SM, 2017, p 92) of an cloud part and the authentication part and also once the data is collected all the analysis with whom the data has to be shared and it not to be shared because if I access in my google or else in my Gmail what all the data is there and if I give a permission to access to share my details so how secure it will be, so all the information is being concentrated on industry secondary revolution.

Architecture of Fog Computing

Fog devices are located at the edge of the network and integrating the end devices and cloud center seamlessly by acting as relay nodes and by placing another layer between cloud and end devices creates a hierarchical structure which generally poses a three-tier structure. (Vaquero LM, 2014, p 27–32). Each tier has different responsibilities during the transmission of data from the generation at the iot end devices to the processing and storing of these data from the generation at the iot end devices to the processing and storage of these data at the cloud center.

Characteristics of Fog computing

For computing is proposed to bridge the gap between cloud servers and iot devices by taking the advantage of the distributed local servers. (Arkian HR, 2017, p152–165).

It presents a highly virtualized platform that extends cloud computing to the edge of the network so that computation and storage and the networking services can be performed locally.

1) Distributed nodes

2) Mobility

3) Real time Response

4) Interaction with cloud

Coming to low latency the information does not have to go to the cloud system where in the processing needs to be taken up and it always done on the gateway level and this information is faster as we have seen in the previous example about the ambulance.

I can also use distributed nodes where in the information does not have to be other processing has to be on one single node and when I am using distributed nodes then i can also distribute the effort of the work that is needed.

When I’m on a mobile environment the smart systems can communicate with the gateways present in its closest proximity so it does not have to connect to just one single gateway and if I’m setting up gateways across multiple points in my city then it makes it quite faster and more efficient and this in turn can also lead to a real time response from the gateway and once i have a real time response, (Hassan MA, 2015, p.1–6) then it is taking my system faster and in the previous example rather than just clearing one signal i can clear an entire path for the ambulance.

Once i have relevant information those which are necessary or those which are really something that i need to ponder or i need to analyze can be sent to the cloud system as and when as it is needed as such. So, this is something that really makes my pre- processing layer important and efficient and effective. (Mukherjee A, 2013, p.325-331).

What is Raspberry Pi

Raspberry pi basically is a series of very small single board computers which actually have additional features as Bluetooth wi-fi USB capabilities and general input and output ports and now it is basically a very small low- cost credit card computer which has actually can be plugged into any monitor as well as we can include a keyboard and mouse and it increases the opportunity for people to explore learn and to understand how to program, and the latest version of raspberry pi was released on may 7th 2021.

The Raspberry Pi can do amazing things, but first you'll need to understand how to access all of this capability. In this chapter, you'll learn about the following subjects: Providing power to the board Connecting a display, keyboard, and mouse Loading and configuring the operating system Configuring the board for remote access There are several versions of the Raspberry Pi, but there are two versions that you can choose to do the projects in this book. The first is the Raspberry Pi Zero, the smallest and least expensive of the Raspberry Pi processor boards. It boasts a Broadcom BCM2835 application processor that features a 1 GHz ARM11 core and 512MB of LPDDR2 SDRAM. The board also has a microSD card slot, a mini-HDMI socket for 1080p60 video output, micro-USB sockets for data and power, and a 40-pin GPIO header in a small form factor. The other choice is the Raspberry Pi 3, a slightly larger version, but with higher performance and more hardware connections built right into the board. The Raspberry Pi 3 offers a 1.2 GHz 64-bit quad-core ARM Cortex-A53 CPU (~3 x the performance of the Raspberry Pi Zero). In contrast to the Raspberry Pi Zero, it has a built-in microSD card slot, a standard HDMI socket for 1080p60 video output, a micro-USB socket for power, a built-in four-port USB connector, and a 40-pin GPIO header. It also provides Integrated 802.11n wireless LAN and Bluetooth 4.1. “If you are not sure which board is right for you, it may make sense to read through this chapter, see how to power up and configure both, and then decide which is right for you. The Raspberry Pi can do amazing things, but first you'll need to understand how to access all of this capability”. (Gajjar, & Rushi, 2015, 7th Ed ).

Setting up the Raspberry pi 2

We need the following hardware to set up a Pi. Raspberry Pi 2 Model B (hereafter, this will be referred only as Pi). Power Supply: “A micro-USB power supply. Considering that we are going for slightly power-intensive usage of our Pi (such as connecting Pi Camera, webcam, and third-party sensors for Pi), a 5V 2A power supply is recommended” ( Ashwin, 2016, 8th Ed).

1) A standard USB keyboards.

2) A MicroSD card and a MicroSD to SD card converter.

3) We need a minimum 4 GB Micro SD card.

4) A USB mouses.

5) A monitor You can use either an HDMI monitor or a standard VGA monitor. 6) A monitor connection cable and converter.

If you are using HDMI monitor, then an HDMI cable will be sufficient. If you are using a VGA monitor, then you need to use an HDMI to VGA converter with a VGA cable. Some special changes need to be made to the /boot/config.txt file if you're using a VGA monitor.

Setting up the Raspberry pi 3

“The Raspberry Pi 3, with more hardware available as part of the standard product, is similar, but a bit easier to configure, than the Raspberry Pi Zero, since almost all the hardware you need is available right on the Raspberry Pi 3” ( Richard , 2016, 3rd Ed)

Here are the items you'll need to set up the Raspberry Pi 3:

· A Raspberry Pi 3

· A micro USB cable and power supply to provide power to the board

· A display with an HDMI video input

· A keyboard and mouse

· A micro SD card - with at least 4 GB capacity

· A micro SD card writer

· Another computer that is connected to the Internet

Capabilities of Raspberry pi

1)Browsing the internet and playing HD video

It helps you to browse the internet and complete HD videos on the same device, so we need to have a HD supported display.

2)Making spreadsheets and word processing

The basic operations like making spreadsheets and creating words presentation all these can be done on raspberry pi.

3)Playing Games

They have a huge set of games that are available which can be played on raspberry pi making a quite interesting and easy for people enjoy the component and then you have various add-on capabilities.

4)Infra-red cameras and security systems

These can be built keeping raspberry pi as the core hardware and then you can also use many music machines as well as detection of weather stations, so these are just some of the top capabilities.

The capability of raspberry pi is restricted just to your imagination whatever you can imagine can be done using raspberry pi given the amount of effort put into that.

Preparing Raspberry pi

I assume that you are familiar with raspberry pi and have it configured, and in our examples, we will use model b with the following

1) An SD card with the Raspbian operating system installed

2) A configured network access, including WI-FI, if used

3) User accounts, passwords, access rights and time zones

I also assume that you know how to create and maintain terminal connections with the device and transfer files to and from the device and all our examples will be developed on a remote PC (for instance, a normal working laptop) using c# (c++++ if you like to think of it this way), as this is a modern programming language that allows us to do what we want to do with IOT. It also allows us to interchange code between windows, linux, macintosh, android and IOS platforms.

“Once a project is compiled, executable files are deployed to the corresponding raspberry pi (or raspberry pi boards) and the executed. Since the code runs on .NET, any language out of the large number of CLI compatible languages can be used and for the execution of the .NET code, we need to install mono, which contains the common language runtime for .NET that will help us run the .NET code on raspberry. This is done by executing the following command in a terminal window in raspberry pi”. (Texier, Pierre-Jean& Petter Mabäcker, 2016, 8th Ed)

$undo apt-get update $ undo apt-get upgrade $ sudo apt- get install mono- complete.

Booting up our pi for the first time

1) Let's boot up our Pi for the first time with the microSD card:

2) Insert the microSD card into the microSD card slot of the Pi.

3) Connect the Pi to the HDMI monitor. If you are connecting the VGA monitor, connect it using the HDMI to VGA converter.

4) Connect the USB mouse and the USB keyboard.

5) Connect the Pi to a power supply using the micro-USB power cable. Make sure the power is switched off at this point.

6) Check all the connections once and then switch on the power supply of the Pi.

Setting up an SD card

The Raspberry Pi uses SD cards to contain its operating system and main storage space.

A Raspberry Pi SD card contains two partitions, which are explained as follows

1) The first one, is the boot partition. This space contains the Linux kernel, required boot up files, and most importantly, the config.txt file. This file allows you to change the boot time parameters and customize some of the functions of the Raspberry Pi. These options include over-clocking the device, changing monitor settings, and the memory split between CPU and GPU, among numerous other options.

2) The second partition contains a Linux partition, which holds all of your applications, configurations, and operating system files.

Preloaded SD card images are available, which make it quick and easy to get your Raspberry Pi up and running. Choosing an SD card is an important step. There are many different combinations of card sizes and card speeds. 4 GB is the minimum size required for many of the operating systems (OS). I recommend that you start out with an 8 GB, We will be using the official operating system called Raspbian.