module 2 540 literature review

Module 2. Literature Review Plan and Annotated Bibliography (Sample)

By Patience Akpan-Obong (Course Instructor)

Part 1. Literature Review Plan

Research Topic Technologies in post-COVID-19 social interactions and work Working Title Re-imagining Community in a Post-pandemic Era: The Mediating Effect of ICTs

in the New Normal, technologies and post-COVID life, Topic Description (describe what the topic is about and why you are interested in researching it) 1

Information and communication technologies, as devices, processes and applications, feature prominently in all aspects of life, particularly in Western societies. Indeed, the presence of technologies in everyday life is so embedded that at least two generations of young Americans have never known a time when there was no cell phone or the Internet. The integration of ICTs and their functionalities in work, study and personal interactions increased exponentially in 2020 and 2021 when the world shut down in response the COVID-19 pandemic. When physical contacts were impossible or restricted, ICTs mediated in ways that collapsed geospatial distances and somewhat eased the challenges of in-person interactions. Schools and churches transitioned online, medical providers offered virtual care for non-critical cases, and, virtual meeting platforms became “offices” and gathering spaces for work, conferences and other social interactions. By 2022, restrictions were eased as COVID-19 vaccination rates rose and infection rates decreased. People were encouraged to return to in-person activities and continue with life as usual. The return to in-person interactions should be a positive development especially because the isolation of the pandemic era impacted mental and emotional health in various degrees of severity. However, media reports seem to indicate that many people are recalibrating “life as usual” and are choosing virtual interactions for work, study, shopping, etc. This research is aimed at examining what the “new normal” is for people emerging from the 2020-2021 pandemic shutdown and the role of ICTs in creating or accepting the pandemic-era methods of working, studying and socializing.

Search keywords Post-COVID technologies, technologies and the new normal, Re-imagining Community in a Post-pandemic Era,

Types of selected literature (e.g. scholarly and peer-reviewed articles, books, other sources of authoritative and credible information)

Mostly scholarly and peer-reviewed articles. Some reports from credible websites are also included.

1 Copy and paste your Module 1 assignment here. Let it reflect corrections or revisions made following my feedback (if applicable).

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Part 2. Annotated Bibliography

ALsharif, A.H. (2022). Attitudes of patients with chronic diseases toward management eHealth applications Systems in Post-COVID-19 Times. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 19, 4289. https://doi.org/10.3390/ ijerph19074289R. Keywords: Post-Covid-19; chronic diseases; eHealth; eHealth applications Type: Quantitative -- A cross-sectional study design was adopted using the online questionnaire as a data collection instrument. Research Questions or Hypotheses: Hypothesis: The integration of educational technology in schools is greatly influenced by teachers’ attitudes towards the technology Sample: 234 users of e-Health applications, aged 18 and above, in Saudi Arabia Summary of Content of Article: The study evaluated the attitudes of the patients with chronic diseases toward eHealth applications in post-COVID times. About 73.8% of the research participants stated that they adopted eHealth out of necessity, 37.3% because no other services were available and only 10.3% stated that they adopted eHealth out of interest. As the pandemic has ended, 51.5% of the participants said they will no longer use eHealth applications while 33.6% stated that they would probably still use e-Health services in the future. The research suggests the need for policymakers to develop relevant strategies to promote the use of eHealth in Saudi Arabia. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: The study adds another cultural piece to the understanding of the future of technology-enabled processes (namely in the healthcare sector) now that the pandemic shutdown has ended in many countries.

Arquisola, M. J., Liswandi, Hutabarat, E., & Fauz, F. C. (2021). Indonesian professionals’ perspectives on flexible working arrangements as an alternative employment option post- COVID-19 recovery. International Journal of Research in Business and Social Science, 10 (8), 166-174. Keywords: Flexible work arrangement, labor employment, work behavior, Indonesia, Covid-19, Pandemic Type: Quantitative -- phenomenological approach Research Questions: 1. How do industry professionals view the advantages and disadvantages of implementing flexible work arrangements (FWA) in their organizations? 2. What are the likely challenges that FWA will bring if organizations implement them? 3. What recommendations can industry professionals suggest for the smooth implementation of the FWA in their organizations? Sample: 15 industrial managers Summary of Content of Article: The research examines the perception of industry professionals on flexible work arrangements and the factors that are likely to enable or hinder its adoption. The research is premised on an analysis of the changes in human behavior that resulted from the COVID- 19 pandemic. The authors argue that the world of work will certainly be different post-COVID 19, as organizations contemplate alternative forms of work arrangements. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: This provides raw data on the perceptions and attitudes of individuals toward flexible work arrangements as enabled by

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technologies. This information provides much-needed data on which to anchor my analysis.

Asghar, M.Z.; Iqbal, A.; Seitamaa-Hakkarainen, P.; Barbera, E. (2021). Breaching Learners’ Social Distancing through Social Media during the COVID-19 Pandemic. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health, 18, 11012. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph182111012 Keywords: Academic performance; blended learning; COVID-19; social media Type: Quantitative (cross-sectional survey, PLS-SEM for multivariate analysis) Hypotheses: 1. Face-to-face socialization has a positive influence on the academic performance of university students in blended learning environments; 2. Face-to-face socialization positively affects socialization in social media environments among university students; 3. Social media sociability affects the academic performance of university students in blended learning environments; 4. Social media use intensity moderates face-to-face socialization and social media sociability; 5. Social media sociability plays a mediating role between face-to-face socialization and academic performance in blended learning environments. Sample: 340 students enrolled in science teacher education departments in Pakistani universities. Summary of Content of Article: The research was aimed at determining the mediating role of social media sociability between face-to-face socialization and academic performance of higher education students in blended learning environments as well as the moderating effect of social media usage intensity on social media sociability. Results revealed that face-to-face socialization gave an essential head start to learners. However, when face-to-face socialization was reduced due to the COVID- 19 pandemic, it was mediated by social media usage in blended learning environments to increase students’ socialization and academic performance. The findings of the study point to the viability of the adoption of social media strategies to improve academic performances for students in higher education institutions even if they are in face-to-face learning environments. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: This study provides a good set of secondary data to support my primary research.

Blahopoulou, J., Ortiz-Bonnin, S., Montañez-Juan, M., Torrens Espinosa, G., García-Buades, M.

E. (2022). Telework satisfaction, wellbeing and performance in the digital era: Lessons learned during COVID-19 lockdown in Spain. Current Psychology, 41:2507–2520. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-022-02873-x Keywords: Telework, Working from home (WFH), Satisfaction, Wellbeing, Performance, COVID-19, Children Type: Quantitative (time-lagged design, survey, questionnaire) Hypotheses: 1. Telework satisfaction will predict subjective wellbeing; 2. Telework satisfaction will predict self-reported performance; 3. Subjective wellbeing is positively associated with self-reported performance. 4. Subjective wellbeing will partially mediate the relationship between telework satisfaction and self-reported performance. Sample: 111 Spanish employees working from home during the first COVID-19 lockdown in Spain, recruited through a non-probabilistic snowball sampling method.

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Summary of Content of Article: The research examines the effects of telework satisfaction on subjective wellbeing and self-reported performance during the COVID-19 lockdown. A survey of 111 teleworkers through an online survey during the lockdown in Spain showed that telework satisfaction has positive direct effects on subjective wellbeing and self-reported performance of teleworkers. The research contributes to research by introducing subjective wellbeing, self-reported performance, and socio- demographic variables to measure telework satisfaction. The outcome of the research has implications for the future of work. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: This study shows some of the lessons and legacies of the pandemic shutdown and may explain why some employees are making the choices on different modalities of work – fully remote or hybrid.

Bonnici, F.; de Bruin, C. & Demushkina, E. (2022). What COVID-19 taught us about collaboration – 7 lessons from the frontline. World Economic Forum. https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/what-covid-19-taught-us-about-collaboration- 7-lessons-from-the-frontline/ Keywords: None Type: Qualitative – evaluative analysis Research Questions or hypothesis: None Sample: Unspecified Summary of Content of Article: The article is based on reports of how different countries weathered the impact of COVID-19 through technology-enabled collaborations. In the process, the authors argue, the pandemic sparked a new spirit of collaboration and unusual alliances of frontline actors and social entrepreneurs. Such multi-sectoral, ‘glocal’ partnerships can provide exponential results pathway to an inclusive, just, and sustainable world. To achieve that however, stronger platforms for collective action must be built. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: The article introduces the issue of collaboration as a major consequence of the pandemic shutdown. This is central to my research study which promises to examine how technologies mediate the new normal for individuals and organizations.

Crooks, B. (2021). Four new post-COVID realities: What they mean for sustainability and inclusion. https://www.accenture.com/us-en/blogs/blogs-careers/four-new-post-covid- realities-what-they-mean-for-sustainability-and-inclusion Keywords: None. Type: Industry blog post Research Question/Hypotheses: None Sample: Not applicable Summary of Content of Article: The author argues that the pandemic has created four new realities: shared human experiences, all businesses are technology businesses, work occurs anywhere and everywhere, and increased focus on sustainability. These new realities raise the need to design for inclusion (a more inclusive and diverse workforce) and upskill for the future. Though the pandemic has ended, there is continued growth for smart devices and innovative technologies across industries and sectors. The author

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writes: "The pace of change in technology will never be slower than it is today. The pandemic condensed about 10 years’ worth of digital acceleration into 1-2 years for many companies. That doesn’t always allow for new hires to have 5-10 years of experience." Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: While this is a blog post, the article provides much insight into the future of technologies beyond the pandemic and thus will add value to my research analysis.

Ebert, C. & Tavernier, B. (2021). Technology Trends: Strategies for the New Normal. IEEE

Software. DOI 10.1109/MS.2020.3043407 Keywords: Decision-making; economy; participation; organizations; society Type: Qualitative Research Questions: What will the “new normal” be? What are recipes to drive change rather than being driven by change? What can one learn from technology leaders to stay competitive? Sample: Not applicable Summary of Content of Article: A case study of industry insights and trends distilled from a recent industry survey. The paper includes recommendations generated from Thales on open innovation in software and IT for the new normal. The authors argue that in the past, software drove change. However, post-COVID-19, change now drives software and technological innovation. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: The paper provides an industry perspective on how innovation responds to cataclysmic change such as COVID-19 and the role of technologies in the new normal.

Gray, K. & Gills, B. (2022) Introduction: Post-COVID transformations. Globalizations, 19:3,

369-379, DOI: 10.1080/14747731.2022.2049063 Keywords: COVID-19; global transformations; hyperglobalization; inequality; crisis Type: Qualitative – Critical analysis Research Questions: 1. What is likely to be the impact of the pandemic on the current global order based on neoliberal hyperglobalization? 2. What insights do earlier pandemics along with other inter-related crises such as those of climate, inequality, social reproduction, and continued fallout of the global financial crisis offer for understanding the medium- to long-term implications of COVID-19? 3. What is the extent to which the COVID pandemic may lead to progressive political transformations? Sample: Not applicable Summary of Content of Article: The article is a critical review of the impact of the COVID-19 on the global financial crisis, transnational interactions and social inequalities. The authors argue that the COVID pandemic did not profoundly alter the existing global system or structure. Rather, it highlighted most of the fundamental crisis aspects of the existing global capitalist and international order. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: The article broadens the scope of the research by introducing issues of global inequality. This perspective will provide a useful context for explaining how the research participants engage with social and interactive technologies post-pandemic shutdown.

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Herath, T. & Herath, H. S. B. (2020). Coping with the New Normal Imposed by the COVID-19 Pandemic: Lessons for Technology Management and Governance. Information Systems Management, 37:4, 277-283, DOI: 10.1080/10580530.2020.1818902 Keywords: COVID-19; pandemic; coronavirus pandemic; remote work; telecommuting; virtual mode; virtual learning; online learning; information systems management; technology management; technology governance; new normal Type: Qualitative – Discussion paper Research Questions or Hypotheses: Not applicable Sample: Not applicable Summary of Content of Article: Technologies enhanced virtual learning models in education, contact tracing ad virtual healthcare services in health and eCommerce in the retail and service industries. While these technological interventions mitigated some of the effects of the pandemic shutdown, they also raised common issues such as the digital divide, e-mail overload, work overload, and disruption in the work-life balance due to a 24/7 work-from-home schedule. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: Valuable information about technological interventions in different sectors and the continuing impact post-shutdown.

Qiao, Ping, Xiaoman Zhu, Yangzhi Guo, Ying Sun, and Chuan Qin (2021). The Development

and Adoption of Online Learning in Pre- and Post-COVID-19: Combination of Technological System Evolution Theory and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology. Journal of Risk and Financial Management 14: 162. https://doi.org/10.3390/jrfm14040162 Keywords: COVID-19; education; e-learning; technology system evaluation theory (TSET); TRIZ; unified theory of acceptance and use of technology (UTAUT). Type: Qualitative – review of the literature on technology adoption in education before and during COVID-19. Research Questions or Hypotheses: None Sample: Not Applicable Summary of Content of Article: This is an exploratory research on the changes in technology evolution and technology adoption of e-learning in pre-and post-COVID-19. It draws its analysis from the Technology System Evaluation Theory (TSET) and Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology (UTAUT) frameworks. It examines the interaction of technology evolution and technology adoption in the different areas of e-learning. It also investigates the role of COVID-19 in the relationships between the behavior intention of e-learning users and exogenous factors such as performance expectancy, effort expectancy, social influence, and facilitating conditions. It concludes that while the promotion of technology in learning in pre-COVID-19 focused on effectiveness, technology adoption during the post-COVID has been on its efficiency for the continuation of education. The argument is that “COVID fear” drove technology adoption rather than users’ conviction about the effectiveness of technology in education. Contribution to Understanding of Research Topic: Provides a wide range of studies on technology adoption in education. This will help in setting the context for the research on how the enduring impact of technology on individuals and organizations post- COVID-19.

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