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Annotated Bibliography

1. Steljes DG. Sleep in post polio syndrome. Chest. 1990;98:133-140. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Missing issue number in parenthesis.

This study was performed to test post-polio patients while they sleep. One set of patients were given ventilatory assistance while they slept and the other group slept normally. The patients given the ventilatory assistance were put in rocking beds while they slept. The patients that received the ventilatory assistance beds had considerably worse sleep than the patients that slept in normal beds. The rocking bed decreased the patients total sleep time because it led to more sleep arousals. They also had respiratory abnormalities which caused their oxygen saturation to drop. This same group was put on CPAP while on their rocking beds which still had the same effect. The second group had less disrupted sleep than the first group. The rocking beds were determined to cause more harm than help for these post-polio patients.

2. Fordyce CB. Elevated serum inflammatory markers in post-poliomyelitis syndrome. Science Direct. 2008;271:80-86. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: This is the data base, needs the journal name. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Missing volume and issue numbers.

The main purpose of this article was to find if there is an elevated amount of inflammatory markers in patients with post-polio patients. The exact inflammatory markers are TNFa and IL-6. The results were compared to normal healthy patients with normal levels. In PPS patients there were significantly increased levels of TNFa and IL-6. These increased levels were directly related to pain due to their illness. More specifically the increased levels were due to increased muscle pain. However, there are no correlations associated with joint pain, muscle strength, fatigue, or length of the disease.

3. Takemura J. Prevalence of Post-Polio Syndrome Based on a Cross-Sectional Survey in Kitakyshu, Japan. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36:1-3.

This study was to find out the number of polio survivors and the how prevalent post-polio syndrome is in Kitakyushu, Japan. A questionnaire was mailed to 342 potential post-polio patients. The letters were mailed based on the patients complaining of muscle pain and weakness. Also these patients had a diagnosis of some sort of paralysis. Out of the 342 patients 241 were polio survivors and 180 of those suffered from post-polio syndrome. The prevalence of PPS in Kitakyushu, Japan is 18.0 per population of 100,000.

4. Crawford M. The insidious effects of post-polio syndrome. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Missing journal info.

This article is the prevalence of post-polio syndrome in Great Britain. About 100,00 in Great Britain suffer from post-polio syndrome despite the fact that polio has long been eradicated. A lot of the symptoms associated with pps include muscle weakness, muscle or joint pain, muscle atrophy, impaired circulation, reduction in stamina, and breathing, sleeping and swallowing problems. If these symptoms are not correctly diagnosed this can have a devastating effect on a person's independence.

5. Farbu E, Rekand T, Gilhus NE. Post-polio syndrome and total health status in a prospective hospital study. European Journal of Neurology. 2003;10:407-413. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Needs NLM abbreviation

Eight-five patients aged 47-91 years were studied in the Department of Neurology, Haukeland University Hospital, Bergen for 13 months during 200-2001. These patients were studied with a previous diagnosis of polio. 44% of patients complained of pain, 27% of muscular weakness, and 16% of fatigue. Of all 85 patients, 26% were diagnosed with post-polio syndrome. This explains why the percentages of complaints were fairly low.

6. Wenneberg S, Ahlstrom G. Illness narratives of persons with post-polio syndrome. Journal of Advanced Nursing. 2000;31(2):354-361. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Needs abbreviation

Fifteen patients were studied who suffered from symptoms associated with post-polio syndrome. The original study started out with 35 individuals which was narrowed down to just 15. Pps was shown to affect individuals 15-40 years after their original diagnosis of polio. It is also estimated that 10,000-15,000 persons contracted polio in Sweden. With knowing this number it should benefit early diagnosis of pps for an individual.

7. Gordon PA, Feldman D. Post-polio syndrome: issues and strategies for rehabilitation counselors. Journal of Rehabilitation. 2002;___(__):28-32. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Needs NLM abbreviation Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Missing volume and issue.

The first epidemic of polio was first reported in the late 1800s in Europe and North America. The latest outbreak of polio was in the 1940s and 1950s. It was in the 1980s when polio survivors started to report new symptoms. It is good to know that there is no definitive test to identify pps. This makes the diagnostic process extremely long and stressful. Although symptoms caused by pps can be fairly universal; they are also non-specific because a lot of the same symptoms can be associated with several other illnesses as well. This makes an accurate diagnosis of PPS very crucial.

8. Burger H, Maricek CRT. The Influence of post-polio syndrome on independence and life satisfaction. Disability and Rehabilitation. 2000;22(7):318-322. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: NLM abbreviation?

In this study a questionnaire was sent all 207 polio survivors who visited the Rehabilitation Institute in Ljubljana at least once in the past 10 years. 100 of the survivors responded back to the questionnaire. 69 reported to have new symptoms associated with post-polio syndrome. They reported to have difficulty walking and climbing stairs, more disabilities in performing daily activities, and a more decreased satisfaction with their life.

9. Halbritter T. Management of a patient with post-polio syndrome. Journal of the American Academy of Nurse Practitioners. 2003; 555-559. Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Abbreviation? Comment by Hamilton, Christine: Missing volume and issue.

The purpose of this article is to provide understanding of the management of patients with post-polio syndrome. It was concluded in order to make a diagnosis of post-polio syndrome the patient must have had a diagnosis of polio 15 years prior. On April 12, 1955, the Salk polio vaccine was approved to be a safe and effective means to eradicate the future spread of polio. In 2000 the World Health Organization set a goal of eliminating polio worldwide.

10. Kaponides G, Gonzalez H, Olsson T, et al. Effect of intravenous immunoglobulin in patients with post-polio syndrome – an uncontrolled pilot study. J Rehabil Med. 2006; 38:138-140.

This study looked at the changes in muscle strength and physical performance during intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIg) treatment in patients with PPS; 14 patients were treated with IVIg in this study. Vitality or improvement in life quality were found when IVIg was given. There was not a significant increase in muscle strength or physical performance. Clearly the placebo effect cannot be ruled out in the study.

Annotated Bibliography

Steljes DG. Sleep in

post polio

syndrome.

Chest

. 1990;

:133

140.

This

study was performed to test post

polio patients while they sleep. One set of patients were

given ventilatory assistance while they slept and the other group slept normally. The patients given the

ventilatory assistance were put in rocking beds while they

slept. The patients that received the

ventilatory assistance beds had considerably worse sleep than the patients that slept in normal beds.

The rocking bed decreased the patients total sleep time because it led to more sleep arousals. They also

had respira

tory abnormalities which caused their oxygen saturation to drop. This same group was put

on CPAP while on their rocking beds which still had the same effect. The second group had less

disrupted sleep than the first group. The rocking beds were determined t

o cause more harm than help

for these post

polio patients.

Fordyce CB. Elevated s

erum

nflammatory

arkers in

ost

oliomyelitis

yndrome.

Science Direct

2008;

271

:80

86.

The main purpose of this article was to find if there is an elevated amount of inflammatory

markers in patients with post

polio patients. The exact inflammatory markers are TNFa and IL

6. The

results were compared to normal healthy patients wi

th normal levels. In PPS patients there were

significantly increased levels of TNFa and IL

6. These increased levels were directly related to pain

due to the

illness. More specifically the increased levels were due to increased muscle pain. However,

ther

e are no correlations associated with joint pain, muscle strength, fatigue, or length of the disease.

Takemura

J. Prevalence of Post

Polio Syndrome Based on a Cross

Sectional Survey in Kitakyshu,

Japan.

J Rehabil Med

. 2004;

36:1

This study was to

find out the number of polio survivors and the how prevalent post

polio

syndrome

is in Kitakyushu, Japan. A questionnaire was mailed to 342 potential post

polio patients. The

letters were mailed based on the patients complaining of muscle pain and weakness.

Also these patients

had a diagnosis of some sort of paralysis. Out of the 342 patients 241 were polio survivors and 180 of

those suffered from post

polio syndrome. The prevalence of PPS in Kitakyushu, Japan is 18.0 per

population of 100,000.

Crawford

M. The insidious effects of post

polio

syndrome

This article is the prevalence of post

polio syndrome in

Great Britain. About 100,00 in Great

Britain suffer from post

polio syndrome despite the fact that polio has long been eradicated. A lot of the

symptoms associated with pps include muscle weakness, muscle or joint pain, muscle atrophy,

impaired circulation

, reduction in stamina, and breathing, sleeping and swallowing problems. If these

symptoms are not correctly diagnosed this can have a devastating effect on a person's independence.

Farbu E, Rekand T, Gilhus NE. Post

polio syndrome and total health stat

us in a prospective hospital

study.

European Journal of Neurology

. 2003;

0:407

413.

Eight

five patients aged 47

91 years were studied in the Department of Neurology, Haukeland

University Hospital, Bergen for 13 months during 200

2001. These patients wer

e studied with a

previous diagnosis of polio. 44% of patients complained of pain, 27% of muscular weakness, and 16%

of fatigue. Of all 85 patients

26% were diagnosed with post

polio syndrome. This explains why the

Annotated Bibliography

1. Steljes DG. Sleep in post polio syndrome. Chest. 1990;98:133-140.

This study was performed to test post-polio patients while they sleep. One set of patients were

given ventilatory assistance while they slept and the other group slept normally. The patients given the

ventilatory assistance were put in rocking beds while they slept. The patients that received the

ventilatory assistance beds had considerably worse sleep than the patients that slept in normal beds.

The rocking bed decreased the patients total sleep time because it led to more sleep arousals. They also

had respiratory abnormalities which caused their oxygen saturation to drop. This same group was put

on CPAP while on their rocking beds which still had the same effect. The second group had less

disrupted sleep than the first group. The rocking beds were determined to cause more harm than help

for these post-polio patients.

2. Fordyce CB. Elevated serum inflammatory markers in post-poliomyelitis syndrome. Science Direct.

2008;271:80-86.

The main purpose of this article was to find if there is an elevated amount of inflammatory

markers in patients with post-polio patients. The exact inflammatory markers are TNFa and IL-6. The

results were compared to normal healthy patients with normal levels. In PPS patients there were

significantly increased levels of TNFa and IL-6. These increased levels were directly related to pain

due to their illness. More specifically the increased levels were due to increased muscle pain. However,

there are no correlations associated with joint pain, muscle strength, fatigue, or length of the disease.

3. Takemura J. Prevalence of Post-Polio Syndrome Based on a Cross-Sectional Survey in Kitakyshu,

Japan. J Rehabil Med. 2004;36:1-3.

This study was to find out the number of polio survivors and the how prevalent post-polio

syndrome is in Kitakyushu, Japan. A questionnaire was mailed to 342 potential post-polio patients. The

letters were mailed based on the patients complaining of muscle pain and weakness. Also these patients

had a diagnosis of some sort of paralysis. Out of the 342 patients 241 were polio survivors and 180 of

those suffered from post-polio syndrome. The prevalence of PPS in Kitakyushu, Japan is 18.0 per

population of 100,000.

4. Crawford M. The insidious effects of post-polio syndrome.

This article is the prevalence of post-polio syndrome in Great Britain. About 100,00 in Great

Britain suffer from post-polio syndrome despite the fact that polio has long been eradicated. A lot of the

symptoms associated with pps include muscle weakness, muscle or joint pain, muscle atrophy,

impaired circulation, reduction in stamina, and breathing, sleeping and swallowing problems. If these

symptoms are not correctly diagnosed this can have a devastating effect on a person's independence.

5. Farbu E, Rekand T, Gilhus NE. Post-polio syndrome and total health status in a prospective hospital

study. European Journal of Neurology. 2003;10:407-413.

Eight-five patients aged 47-91 years were studied in the Department of Neurology, Haukeland

University Hospital, Bergen for 13 months during 200-2001. These patients were studied with a

previous diagnosis of polio. 44% of patients complained of pain, 27% of muscular weakness, and 16%

of fatigue. Of all 85 patients, 26% were diagnosed with post-polio syndrome. This explains why the