Research slides

Shannon Balthaser

Liberty University

Sport is defined as high order of game or play involving physical skill, specialized facilities or equipment, and is conducted according to a specific set of rules which ultimately determine a winner (Woods, 2011). Sport is an international phenomena that individuals relate to and incorporate into their daily lives and endeavors; it is a social fabric that knits various societies and communities together (Jarvie, 2006). Sport research has shown the universal popularity among different cultures and how it effectively unifies those cultures, creating fun and enjoyable experiences for all those involved (The Sport for Development and Peace International Working Group [SDP IWG], 2008) Sport is the fabric of human nature, thus creating the opportunity for other sports not common to a society to be introduced. Through effective study of culture, society and specific sport needs, a society will discover a new form of entertainment. The development of such a precise game lies in the implementation of specific programs designed to introduce the essentials. Through the proper understanding of a society, a new sport can be introduced, developed, and ultimately integrated into the culture of a society. The purpose of the study is to investigate sport development programs and cultural norms to effectively introduce a new sport into a society, creating acceptance and integration.

The purpose of the study is to investigate sport development programs and cultural norms to effectively introduce a new sport into a society, creating acceptance and integration.

RQ1: How does a new sport become effectively introduce and integrated into a society?

Sport is defined as high order of game or play involving physical skill, specialized facilities or equipment, and is conducted according to a specific set of rules which ultimately determine a winner (Woods, 2011). Sport is an international phenomena that individuals relate to and incorporate into their daily lives and endeavors; it is a social fabric that knits various societies and communities together (Jarvie, 2006).

An thorough understanding of these terms should be considered before review.

 Sport is defined as high order of game or play involving physical skill, specialized facilities or equipment, and is conducted according to a specific set of rules which ultimately determine a winner (Woods, 2011).

 Internationalization of sport is attributed to the popularity of sport all over the world, attributing sport being recognized by most societies across the globe as a form of business, recreation, and game (Ratten, 2011).

 Nationalism was established to develop sport in countries whose sport were strongly rooted in their culture (Woods, 2011).

 Sport participation involves the popularity trends and participation in sport, specific to a population (Woods, 2011).

 Sport for development is specifically defined “as the use of sport to exert a positive influence on public health, the socialization of children, youths and adults, the social inclusion of the disadvantaged, the economic development of regions and states, and on fostering intercultural exchange and conflict resolution” (Lyras & Peachey, 2011, p. 311).

 Sport programs or sport specific organizations developed to further educate and facilitate sport growth within a community (Lyras & Peachey, 2011).

 Cultures of sport are defined within certain societies that focus on a particular sport dependent on social class and demographic (Riordan & Kr ̈uger, 2003).

 Social class is “a category of people who share similar positions in society based on economic level, education, occupation and social interaction” (Woods, 2011, p. 244).

 Social sciences of sport are an important cognitive phenomena specific to the study and research of the intellect related to sport (Kosiewicz & Smolen, 2013).

 Cultural awareness is “a process of becoming appreciative of and sensitive to the values, beliefs, lifestyles, practices and problem-solving of cultures. It is a lifelong process in which every experience moves us closer to or further away from being culturally aware” (Lecrom & Dwyer, 2013, p. 1).

 Social influence is the effect one population can have on another based on specific determinations and factors, today seen through Facebook and Twitter (Seng & Keat, 2014).

 Socialization is the integration of a certain “system of knowledge, social norms and universal values”, which enable an individual to be or remain a complete member of a particular society (Lubysheva & Mochenov, 2015, para. 7).

 Educational aspect of sport instills importance of way of life.

 Understanding the history of sport is a primary element in the determination of what is popular in a society (Jarvie, 2006). Sport has the unique capability to interrelate societies and cultures to convene on a common ground, setting aside personal opinion and differences (Jarvie, 2007).

 Sport is directly related to a variety of aspects of life.

 When considering aspects of sport, factors such as business, economics, communications, life skills, government policy, demographics, health and well-being, physical activity, and social status can all be related (Macri, 2012). This creates the uniqueness of sport and what makes it an important factor in bringing societies together (SDP IWG, 2008).

 The Olympics

 Created with the idea of educating people and creating an environment that was competitive, yet collaborative and friendly (Lyras & Peachey, 2011). This creates a unity of mind and body among the participants in an arena that promotes peace and cross national stability among the participants and spectators (Lyras & Peachey).

 Demographics

 Sport participation trends suggest that an increase in physical activity has occurred over the last decade (Eime, Sawyer, Harvey, Casey, Westerbeek, & Payne, 2015). However, a focus on specific sport within a society is based on the cultures demographics, where sport is chosen for certain individuals based on social class or ethnicity. Thus, creating society standards directly related to which sport are popular and deemed worthy of participation (Woods, 2011).

 Sport participation rates show a general increase among a sample of Australian individuals 15 and older was examined to determine sport participation rates over the last decade in Australia (Eime et al., 2015). The data was able to assist in creating health education initiatives throughout the country; thus creating a higher interest in sport participation. Parallel research indicated that sport participation has a positive effect on health and well-being among youth (Ferron, Narring, Cauderay, & Michaud, 1999).

 Sport for development programs were studied to determine the effectiveness. Lyras and Peachey (2011) investigated the programs within societies. The multiple positive impacts are demonstrated by the opinion of the researchers that suggested with a quality sport for development program, any sport can be introduced into a society, regardless of class, status or demographics. Further research of sport for development is supported through a parallel study focused on the sport for development programs the South African government had developed to help empower impoverished communities (Whitley, Wright, & Gould, 2013).

 Social nature of sport is discussed as a link between introduction of sport to a society (Lubysheva and Mochenov, 2015). The important factor within the study states the transformation of modern sport into an entertainment industry catering to separate segments of sport. Concluding with statement that sport is an integral part of any social setting within a society.

 Culture of sport discussed through the European point of view. European cultures have been studied and the determination has been made that depending on social class or status, a person will be involved in a particular sport (Riordan & Kr ̈uger, 2003). Modern sport has its origins in Europe; however, each country has its own unique competition directives. Thus, paralleling the detailed research of the social science of sport (Kosiewicz & Smolen, 2013).

 Cross-cultural sport studies help to determine the effectiveness and share coaching philosophies between different cultures of sport. A study was conducted evaluating an exchange of soccer coaches between the United States and China (Lecrom & Dwyer, 2013). The study focused on the Developing and Improving Synergies in Chinese and United States Soccer (DISCUSS) program from 2010-2011. The program focused on creating a better understanding of each representative’s soccer program, as well as exchange specific coaching information. Similar research paralleled the study by supporting the internationalization of sport (Ratten, 2011).

 A difficulty arises when one determines to enter a society and introduce a new sport that is not popular.

 It is essential to understand the target population as well as create a welcoming environment that presents the sport as fun and exciting to learn (Richards, Kaufman, Schulenkorf, Wolff, Gannett, Siefken, & Rodriguez, 2103).

 The avenue of introducing a sport is beneficial in creating lasting relationships as well as bridge cultural gaps created by modern society (Reid, 2009).

 Sport is determined to be essential to the culture of a society (Jarvie, 2006).

 Once a sport is established within a society, it is difficult to introduce a new sport (Woods, 2011).

 Sport participation relies on the strength of the sport program it encompasses (Eime et al., 2015).

 Proper introduction and implementation of sport for development programs infer the success of a culture and society (Whitley et al., 2013).

 Displaying an accurate knowledge of a society, cultural norms, standards and current sport trends could determine the overall success of the implementation and integration of a new sport into the presented society (Jarvie, 2006).

 The research of Ratten (2011) suggests sport is followed by individuals all over the world, with the internationalization a large impact on development programs and initiatives. Cultures are rich with sport and sport programs, creating a potential for social change (Jarvie 2007).

 Social change and the globalization of sport creates a unique opportunity for sport managers to introduce a new initiative to a society.

 If developing these types of programs will aid in the further development of a sport, then the argument could be made that if this type of program is introduced into a specific society, then the specific sport could be effectively introduced (Richards, Kaufman, Schulenkorf, Wolff, Gannett, Siefken, & Rodriguez, 2013).

 As a student of sport ministry, the task must be taken into careful consideration of the demographics of the population as well as which development techniques will be used when introducing the new sport. By creating a new sport within a society, a sport minister reveals new opportunities to reach the society as a whole.

 As an intern with a sports mission’s organization, further research could be considered to aid in new mission opportunities across the globe. An intern would be given the task of further researching the expressed ideologies and developing a greater understanding of the societies the organization is reaching out to.

 A sports mission’s organization could use the research provided to determine which sport opportunities can be taken to which societies. The research could be considered beneficial in creating last relationships with lost people groups, and using sport as an avenue of introduction to those societies.

 God desires a relationship with all of His children. Spread the Gospel to the nations.

 The intent is not for us to receive the glory for personal gain, but for His Kingdom to be known.

 Sport can be seen as an avenue of introduction and imitative into the darkest places of the world.

 These following procedures are to avoid and overcome ethical issues:

 Cultural perspectives of societies and what programs are already in place.

 Consideration of demographics

 Social trends among a culture

 Remember to stay focused on overall RQ

 All societies have sport programs, consider that

 Seek guidance and information from academic advisors and professors

 Do no become weary, stay strong in midst of defeat – Galatians 6:9

 Christ gives the command in the Gospel of Matthew 28:19-20 to go

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 Jarvie, G. (2006). Sport Culture and Society: An Introduction. Florence, KY: Routledge. Retrieved from http://sport.glmw.info/files/Sport_Culture_and_Society_An_Introduction_1_copy.pdf

 Kosiewicz, J., & Smolen, A. (2013). The social sciences of sport: Assumptions, associations, and conferences. Physical Culture and Sport, 57(1), 58. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://search.proquest.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/docview/1348517585?pq- origsite=summon

 Lecrom, C. W., & Dwyer, B. (2013). Plus-sport: The impact of a cross-cultural soccer coaching exchange. Journal of Sport for Development, 1(2):1-16. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://jsfd.org/article/plus-sport-the-impact-of-a-cross-cultural-soccer-coaching-exchange/

 Lopiano, D. A. (2008). Launching a New Sport as a Revenue Producer. Retrieved December 4, 2015, from http://www.sportsmanagementresources.com/library/launching-new-sport-revenue-producer

 Lubysheva, L. I., & Mochenov, V. P. (2015). New Conceptual Approach to Modern Understanding of Social Nature of Sport. Teoria I Praktika Fiziceskoj Kul'tury. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://www.teoriya.ru/ru/node/3587

 Lyras, A., & Peachey, J. W. (2011, November). Integrating sport-for-development theory and praxis. Sport Management Review, 14(4), 311-326. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://rx9vh3hy4r.search.serialssolutions.com/?ctx_ver=Z39.88- 2004&ctx_enc=info%3Aofi%2Fenc%3AUTF- 8&rfr_id=info:sid/summon.serialssolutions.com&rft_val_fmt=info:ofi/fmt:kev:mtx:journal&rft.genre=article&rft.atitle=Integrating+sport- for- development+theory+and+praxis&rft.jtitle=Sport+Management+Review&rft.au=Alexis+Lyras&rft.au=Jon+Welty+Peachey&rft.date=2011- 11-01&rft.pub=Elsevier+Limited&rft.issn=1441- 3523&rft.volume=14&rft.issue=4&rft.spage=311&rft.externalDocID=2566029301&paramdict=en-US

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 Ratten, V. (2011). International sports management: Current trends and future developments. Thunderbird International Business Review, 53, 679–686. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/doi/10.1002/tie.20444/epdf

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 Richards, J., Kaufman, Z., Schulenkorf, N., Wolff, E., Gannett, K., Siefken, K., & Rodriguez G. (2103). Advancing the Evidence Base of Sport for Development: A New Open-Access, Peer-Reviewed Journal. Journal of Sport for Development, 1(1), 1-3. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://jsfd.org/article/advancing-the-evidence-base-of-sport-for-development-a-new-open-access-peer-reviewed-journal-3/

 Riordan, J., & Kr ̈uger, A. (2003). European Cultures of Sport: Examining the Nations and Regions. Bristol: Intellect Books. Retrieved November 12, 2015, from http://web.a.ebscohost.com.ezproxy.liberty.edu:2048/ehost/ebookviewer/ebook/bmxlYmtfXzgwODY0X19BTg2?sid=74b96000-869b- 4e0d-80ae-5a8d39922be5@sessionmgr4002&vid=0&format=EB&rid=1

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