Microbiology

Sample for the RESEARCH PAPER. (SAMPLE)Introduction: The major goal of the Research in the Classroom(RIC)project was to employ a set of skills and techniques obtained during the Microbiology class in order to identify pathogenic bacteria that were responsible for foodborne illnesses. (Specifically, two species of the Enterobacteriaceae family, Escherichia coli(E. coli)and Salmonella sp., were of the greatest interest, since these types of bacteria were associated with the periodic outbreaks of food-related infections. Taking into consideration potential health-related hazards associated with the abovementioned pathogens, it was imperative to check whether fresh produce sold in Brooklyn, New York, contained fecal bacterial contamination. ) This paragraph please rephrase in a similar way.

Please use my Introduction (MY) : The idea of the Research in the Classroom (RIC) project was designed to apply a set of skills and techniques received during the Microbiology class in order to identify pathogenic bacteria that is present and responsible for foodborne illnesses.

(SAMPLE)Materials and Methods: Three samples were obtained for the RIC experiment in markets located in the Brighton Beach area on October 2, 2018. Sample #1 was ground chicken, containing both breast meat and tights, bought in ‘Brighton Bazaar’ at 1007 Brighton Beach Avenue, Brooklyn, NY 11235. Sample #2 was broccoli and sample #3 was cauliflower, both obtained at ‘Mazal Produce Inc.’ at 1055 Brighton Beach Avenue, Brooklyn, NY, 11235. As per salesman at ‘Mazal Produce Inc.’ purchased broccoli and cauliflower were grown locally on farms in New York State.

( MY) Materials and Methods: Three samples were obtained for the RIC experiment in two different markets on January 12, 2020. Two food samples were purchased in “Trader Joe’s” located in 9030 Metropolitan Ave, Rego Park, NY 11374. Sample #1 was organic mini cucumber and sample # 2 was organic baby lettuce. Sample #3 was fresh farm salmon, bought in “BJ`s Wholesale” at 1752 Shore Parkway, Brooklyn, NY 11214. All three samples were brought to microbiology class

(SAMPLE) All three samples were brought to the microbiology lab, grinded up to homogeneous mass,(REPHRASE PLEASE) and then placed to EE Broth, Mossel, selective enrichment media for Enterobacteriaceae species, incubated at 35-37C at least for 18-24hours. Typical EE Broth, Mossel, contains peptic digest of animal tissue (10g/L), dextrose (5g/L), disodium phosphate

2(6.45 g/L), monopotassium phosphate (2 g/L), Ox bile, purified (20g/L), Brilliant green (0.0135g/L), final pH: 7.20.2at 25C. In the following lab session samples were inoculated to Nutrient Agar (NA) plate, MacConkey Agar plate, and Xylose Lysine Tergitol-4 (XLT) Agar platesusing streak (fishtail) method explained in the lab manual. NA media typically contains peptone (5g/L), sodium chloride (5g/L), HM peptone B (1.5g/L), yeast extract (1.5g/L), agar (15g/L), final pH: 7.40.2 at 25C. MacConkey Agar media typically contains peptone (17g/L), proteose peptone (3g/L), lactose monohydrate (10g/L), bile salts (1.5g/L), sodium chloride (5g/L), neutral red (0.03g/L), crystal violet (0.001g/L), agar (13.5g/L), final pH: 7.10.2 at 25C. XLT-4 agar media typically contains lactose (7.5g/L), sucrose (7.5g/L), sodium thiosulfate (6.8g/L), sodium chloride (5g/L), xylose (3.75g/L), yeast extract (3g/L), proteose peptone (1.6g/L), ferric ammonium citrate (0.8g/L), phenol red (80g/L), tergitol 4 (4.6g/L), agar (18g/L), final pH: 7.40.2 at 25C.(CAN BE USED AS SAME PARAGRAPH)

(SAMPLE) Discussion/Conclusion: The presence of cultures on NA plate, general media that allow the growth of a wide range of microorganisms, shows that all the samples possess some bacteria. MacConkey Agar plate, which is selective for gram-negative and differential for lactose utilization, suggests that there are definitely certain gram-negative bacteria in all three samples, however, only in cauliflower pink (IN MY IT WAS SALMON) colonies can be seen, which indicates potential presence of E. coli. (PLEASE REPHRASE THIS PARAGRAPH) XLT-4 Agar plates confirm the presence of some gram-negative bacteria and point out that Salmonella species may be found in sample #1 (chicken) since it contained one yellowish colony unit with black center(MINE WAS WITHOUT BLACK CENTER, PLEASE TAKE A LOOK AT THE ATTACHED 2ND PAPER WITH SAMPLE# 2). Also, ELISA test may provide higher precision in identification of bacterial contaminants. E. coliis a gram-negative, rod-shaped bacterium (bacillus), which is normally a part of lower intestine microbiota of endotherm organisms. However, the strain E. coliO157:H7 is Shiga toxin-producing serotype of E. coli, that causes severe, acute hemorrhagic diarrhea, abdominal cramps, and hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS). (1,2) SalmonellasNA a gram-negative bacillus that can be subdivided into more than 2,600 serotypes. Nontyphoidal Salmonella subtypes are responsible for relatively mild gastrointestinal infections, that may not require antibiotic treatment, while typhoidal serotypes can lead to life-threatening conditions such as hypovolemic shock and septic shock, which can only be resolved with antibiotics. (3) According to Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC), the leading national public health institute of the United States, E. coliO157:H7 had been reported as a causing agent in 59 cases of infected individuals, including 23 hospitalizations, in 15 states from October 5, 2018 to November 16, 2018; while on November 27, 2018 tahini products had been recalled under

5suspicion of contamination with Salmonella since in 5 cases of infected individuals this bacterium was detected. (4-6) Unfortunately, these outbreaks closely monitored by CDC occur in the United States as often as several times per year.

(SAMPLE) References:1.Gally DL, Stevens MP (January 2017). "Microbe Profile: Escherichia coli O157:H7 -notorious relative of the microbiologist's workhorse".Microbiology.163(1): 1–3.doi:10.1099/mic.0.000387.PMID28218576.2.Ciccarelli S, Stolfi I, Caramia G (October 2013)."Management strategies in the treatment of neonatal and pediatric gastroenteritis".Infection and Drug Resistance.6: 133 61.doi:10.2147/IDR.S12718.PMC3815002.PMID24194646.3.Ryan I KJ, Ray CG, eds. (2004).Sherris Medical Microbiology(4th ed.). McGraw Hill. pp.362–8.ISBN0-8385-8529-9.4. https://www.cnn.com/2013/06/28/health/e-coli-outbreaks-fast-facts/index.html5. https://www.cdc.gov/ecoli/2018/o157h7-11-18/index.html6. https://www.cdc.gov/salmonella/concord-11-18/index.html PLEASE USE SIMILAR REFFERENCES