Using the "Modified 10 Points Template," identify each of the 10 strategic points in this quantitative dissertation

Article Citation

Kottle, J., & Pelletier, K. (2013). Measuring and differentiating

Perceptions of supervisor and top leader ethics. Journal Of Business

Ethics, 113 (3), 415-428. doi: 10.1007/s10551-012-1312-8. Retrieved from

http://www.eds.a.ebscohost.com.lopes.idm.oclc.org/ehost/pdfviewer/pdf

viewer?sid=d6283364-ec2e-4f49-b061-85c541e8cb22%40sessiongr4010&

vid=1&hid=4111

Point

Description

Location

(Page #)

Broad Topic Area

There were two studies conducted in regards to how employees evaluate their supervisors and top leader ethics.

415 & 416

Lit Review

a. Background of the problem/gap:

i. To see how employees evaluate supervisors and top leaders.

ii. To implement policies and procedures to avoid a scandal like Enron.

iii. Supervisors and/or top leaders being unethical.

b. Theoretical foundation:

i. Perceived Leader Integrity Scale (PLIS)

ii. Ethical Leadership Scale (ELS)

iii. Perception of Ethical Leadership Scale (PELS)

iv. Perceptions of Ethical Climate (PEC)

v. Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB)

vi. Organizational Climate Scale

vii. Top Leadership Direction Scale (TLDS)

c. Review of literature topics with key themes for each one:

i. Historical Event: There have been corporation scandals with top companies in dealing with large amounts of money not being used correctly and unethical practices.

d. Summary

i. Background: There is a need to evaluate how employees see their supervisors and top leaders.

ii. Problem: Due to scandals it is imperative for research to be conducted in regards to ethics in the workplace.

iii. Prior Studies: Have been conducted using various methods in determining ethical behaviors.

415-426

Problem Statement

It is not known how employees would rate their supervisors and top leaders ethics, which will be conducted in two studies.

415

Research Questions

a. Get more feedback from employees, as this will reveal:

i. How employees feel about supervisors and top leaders?

ii. What, if any changes need to be made in regards to ethics?

iii. Do employees feel important in the work place?

iv. Would employees communicate to top leaders, if they were on premises?

v. How wound this change their outlook on them, if any?

415-426

Sample

a. Study 1

i. Location: California

ii. Target Population: 18,000 employees

iii. Sample: 418

b. Study 2

i. Location: California

ii. Target Population: Unknown number

iii. Sample: 371

417 & 421

Describe Phenomena (qualitative) or Define Variables/ Hypotheses (quantitative)

a. H1: The difference between top leadership to supervisors. Supervisors have more of a connection with employees due to supervisors more on site and daily contact with them.

b. H2: Work climate plays a factor in leadership. How employees feel can have an influence on the work climate, which can help or deter others form work performance.

c. H3: Top leadership sets the tone for the company. It is important for employees to have confidence in their leaders.

d. H4: The type of commitment employees feel to the organization is critical. In the way employees feel tells how committed they are to the company.

e. H5: The behavior is important in any organization. How employees see others behave will set the tone, especially when supervisors and top leaders are setting good/bad examples.

416, 419, & 420

Methodology & Design

The methodology is a mixed study as it had different methods used from different studies.

416-424

Purpose Statement

The purpose of this mixed study was to determine how employees see their supervisors and top leadership ethics. Especially after several scandals that were made public in regards to unethical behaviors.

415-426

Data Collection Approach

a. There will be a larger pool of participants to survey.

b. Can have researchers go out to organizations to let employees know of the survey to get them to participate,

i. Reassuring employees surveys are confidential.

426

Data Analysis Approach

a. There will be a variety of questions employees will need to answer.

b. Open ended questions, so employees feel free to give their opinion.

c. The results will be descriptive with all results posted

d. Stress confidentiality

426

Evaluation (Maximum 250-500 words)

This article justification for the two studies was valid when looking at the different scandals several large corporations got into. It is critical for the American people to feel confident these large corporations like Enron and WorldCom use the American people’s money wisely. Especially when top leaders are make choices that can lose the hard earn money people make. In this study it gave a different view in how employees see their supervisors as well as top leaders ethics. The moral of the corporation is imperative to the success of the company. When top leaders and supervisors behave in unethical way it sets the tone for others to behave the same way. Which will affect the whole company and like Enron and WorldCom be bad for business.

With the two studies conducted it gave readers the opportunity to review the finding in two different perspectives. One from a California government agency and another from various organizations. With these two different view-points allowed for more information to be revealed. For the government agency, there could be employees who may not say much in regards to their supervisors and top leaders due to fear of losing their job or some type of reprimand. Whereas, getting feedback from employees for other organizations may be more willing to talk and open up.

Overall, the article was well written and provided an ample amount of data to support the hypotheses. It would be beneficial to get more surveys as it can provide more information. However, it is critical to ensure employees their confidentially.