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Running head: DOCTORAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION PAGE 1

DOCTORAL QUALIFYING EXAMINATION PAGE 46

Doctoral Qualifying Examination

Angelina

University

Doctoral Qualifying Examination

Introduction

The Doctorate program in business administration for year 1at University includes the introduction of the concepts of marketing strategy and consumer behavior, business intelligence, leading change, a management strategy for performance, global economics, and finance for managers. This paper includes the evidence of the concepts learned in four of the above-mentioned courses which are management strategy for performance, leading change, marketing strategy, and consumer behavior, and business intelligence in the order it has been given.

Part I: Portfolio of CLA 2’s

CLA 2 Introduction: Course #1 Marketing Strategy & Consumer Behavior

Marketing strategy and consumer behavior are related to the strategies applied to attract customers and the impact of these strategies on the customers. These strategies are made based on the behavior of the consumer may it be location, culture, region, income level, religious impact, and brand loyalties, more importantly, the knowledge of the technology that is prevalent (Gbadamosi, 2009). This course has changed the author’s viewpoint from the perspective of how the business runs in various location based on the cultures. The author of this paper works as a Business systems analyst, though she has not directly involved in any of the marketing strategies instead she has to meet business partners from various departments. Through this course, she learned that she must learn about the stakeholder’s pain points and the culture of the team before meeting them. She also learned how to strategize business requirement meetings and collect information from the stakeholders. This has helped her in gaining the trust of the business users and continue the conversations with ease and completed almost 6 projects without any bottlenecks.

Cultural impact vs Consumer Behavior:

The author has also applied the cultural concept of this course in meeting with the business located in various locations like India, Belgrade, Birmingham, and England. She used the nature of perception important learning of this course in molding the business towards the decisions she wants (Adler, 2011). For example, the author of this paper sent various demos of the projects they implemented to the business and had asked them to go through them before meeting for the business requirements, this way business already knew what has been implemented and they have a sense of what they need and relate it to the demo (Adler, 2011). Though the business users might not remember everything still they have a vague memory of something like this being seen in the demo, which made the requirements session much easier.

Subconscious memory vs Marketing strategies:

Generally, people tend to remember whatever they sense by the five senses, even if a person forget somehow it stays in the brain but loses attention. In the same manner, when an advertisement is played on television or radio though a person is not paying attention it is captured in the subconscious memory (Adler, 2011). This plays an important role in strategizing marketing for any product. For example, advertisements like Car wheels, even though they are not regular household purchase items, when there is a need to change the tiers then from the subconscious memory this comes out. It is important for business organizations to keep this as an important aspect of marketing (Saghir, Abid, Ayub, Zaheer, & Batool, 2017).

Impact of Reference groups on marketing strategy:

Besides the above two concepts, this course has given the opportunity to learn other topics like reference groups and their impact on the marketing strategies, the concept of household type, cross-cultural variations, nonverbal communication via marketing and the behavior of the consumer while making decisions (Al-Hyari, Alnsour, Al-Weshah, & Haffar, 2012). The CLA and PA’s of this course has been a great help in understanding the consumer behavior based on the various products that have been traditionally used and the influence of the brand and information prevalent on the product in the location (Saghir, Abid, Ayub, Zaheer, & Batool, 2017). Other concepts that have been learned and did some research are the reference groups, purchasing behavior of the consumer, the impact of the Angry bird’s video game on the common people and how the movie “Angry birds” and the organization “Birdlife International” became famous based on this simple app.

BUS 720 CLA 2

CLA 2 – Marketing Strategy

Marketing Strategy is the comprehension of how to pull in clients towards items or administration and the systems used to understand the clients. Promoting employees or supervisors should initially get when and how to utilize the learning of any social gathering or networking meetings (Hawkins, Mothersbaugh, & Best, 2015). Numerous associations burn through billions of dollars in considering shoppers, to draw in clients and strategizing the showcasing of the items (Gbadamosi, 2009). Aspects such as costs engaged with promoting, values associated with showcasing for children, conditions, the culture and tending to the present society are important considerations for advertising (Kaufmann, and Gaeckler, 2015).

Marketing strategies fundamentally incorporate 4 distinct advances like knowing the objective, looking into the rivalries included, the channels of promoting and breakdown of the sales process with the AIDA model. AIDA is mindfulness, intrigue, want, and activity. These breakdowns of advertising techniques can help numerous showcasing users to strategize and draw in buyers (Wu, Chaney, Chen, Nguyen, and Melewar, 2015). A promotion strategy can be used for various stages, so it is significant for any analyst to pursue an appropriate procedure and utilize legitimate apparatuses to grab shopper conduct (Gbadamosi, 2009).

Review/Analysis of the Case

The research in this paper audits and investigate the showcasing technique for various customer practices. Diverse showcasing techniques that are dependent on culture and sexual orientation are examined in this paper including the exploration for how to bring products into outside business sectors. Other than these previously mentioned points, this paper incorporates what subjects or procedures can be utilized for vacation and future planning is examined for a wide range of clients like understudies and different experts.

Culture-Based Marketing Strategies

Culture-based advertising is something where an economic specialist needs to comprehend the way of life of a nation, state, society, standing, belief, religion and so on. Culture-based showcasing includes estimations of a specific culture and the buying choices (Bahar Isin, & Alkibay, 2011). Information is gathered related to who settles on the choices in a family, who has the high ground in a specific culture, choices for designs, and other basic leadership factors include atmosphere, language, images and point of view (Zielke, and Dobbelstein, (2007). Some showcasing styles are affected by the ethics, qualities, and ceremonies of a specific culture, for instance, halal confirmed products for Muslims (Al-Hyari, Alnsour, Al-Weshah, & Haffar, 2012).

Sex-Based Marketing Strategies

Sex-based promoting focusses on variances in sexual orientation, like male-female and LGBT people groups. The world has turned out to be progressively open and tolerate a wide range of sexual orientations (Lin, 2013). The fundamental factor that impact this sort of showcasing methodology is that the men simply need to go straight into the shopping center and purchase stuff while for ladies they are more into the subtleties of the items and the sort (Lin, 2013). Currently, the online business has turned out to be increasingly predominant and the sexual-orientation-based advertising impacts this. Men simply need the brand, size, and shading prior to making a purchase decision. They simply go online to select what they need and checkout. For ladies, it is different as, ladies need to look and feel so their promoting to them is extraordinary (Kaufmann, & Gaeckler, 2015).

Outside Cultural Components

The top to bottom investigation of unknown dialects, writing, and societies empowers people to speak with individuals from different nations and develop a comprehension of and regard for social practices not quite the same as one’s own. It is a difficult, fun, and profoundly remunerating background that makes you aware of the decent variety, wealth, and interconnectedness of our reality, and sets one to dependably draw in with the worldwide network (Bahar Isin, & Alkibay, 2011). As a major aspect of working together over societies, an individual regularly needs to foresee how others will carry on (Lysonski, 2014). People can use a book, an article, or a blog entry about social contrasts to learn about a specific product or service. Different viewpoints that should be considered in item presentation in any outside market are proper research, culture education, political angles, religious contemplations, regional contemplations (Palmer, 2005)

Present or Future Work Setting

The course Marketing Strategy and Consumer conduct give a nitty-gritty comprehension of promoting technique for various angles like culture, sex, age gatherings and qualities which gives knowledge of how shoppers act in various circumstances and how these buyer practices can impact advertising of an item. All through this course, the primary themes that can help an individual set up their present or future profession alternatives is buyer conduct dependent on the reference gatherings, networks, and public activity (Bahar Isin, & Alkibay, 2011). The Author of this paper by and by scholarly numerous parts of advertising and used these methods while gathering the prerequisites from the business.

The points like green showcasing, moral qualities to be viewed as assistance an individual set up their business in a fitting manner. The author of this paper has her very own business and used the greater part of the points to see how to draw in clients of various areas and societies (Kaufmann, & Gaeckler, 2015). Pulling in individuals from various religions with Halal authentications, sexual orientation-based showcasing by selling ladies and men items independently and strategize in like manner (Zhu, and Haipeng (Allan) Chen, 2017).

Summary and Conclusions

The research of this paper concludes that social media and social groups are important for any product decision-making process especially when selecting the brands or models of the products. The influence of these groups in various forms on an individual is classified and these classifications vary depending on the type of product being bought. Daily household products have a normative influence whereas getting a pet may have an identification influence. It all depends on how an individual is considering buying the product and reference groups influence the decision making

Relationship between Marketing Strategy and Management Strategy

Branding of the organization is very impactful when it comes to attracting the customers and it is important to have this branding and vision of the organization is known by every employee by which they can work towards that branding (Saghir, Abid, Ayub, Zaheer, & Batool, 2017). Marketing strategy helps the organization grow externally and improve sales and leads. To grow the external side of the organization, internal management is very important. If internal employees are well managed then the external sources will be successful. Management for performance helps in decision making and proper management of the teams and groups which indeed helps in the decision making of the strategies being used for Marketing (Vieira, O'Dwyer, & Schneider, 2017). Besides this, work culture helps in spreading the word of how well the organization is managed and attracts customers accordingly via proper marketing process.

CLA 2 Introduction: Course #2 Management Strategy for Performance

Management Strategy for Performance is related to how an organization builds a strategy to increase the performance of an organization and the impact of those strategies on various factors, for example, employees and external customers (Mark, 2005). The key learning concepts of this course are the development of organizational behavior, becoming an effective manager, framework for the motivational environment, and leadership skills and its impact on organizational growth.

Development of Organization behavior:

Organizations consider internal development as an important aspect of growth (Maley, 2011). Maley says that organizations achieve this in various ways for example: conducting surveys within the company, consulting experts, building a team, and brainstorming on areas to develop. The concept of keeping track of the activities, objectives, avoiding the bottlenecks and fixing the issues instead of being stuck is important for the development of a firm (2011). This concept has helped the author to understand how important it is to provide feedback to the organization and provide timely updates to the managers to help them grow together as an organization not individually.

Effective Manager:

The important aspect of the growth of an organization having effective managers and it is managers responsibility to track the objectives and work with the employees (McAfee & Champagne, 1993). Managers to become effective need to understand the value of his employees, listen carefully and communicate, express gratitude as and when needed, trust the employees and make decisions considering both the employees and the vision of the organization. Besides these factors, it is also important for a manager to resolve any conflicts and have clear transparency with the team (Chau, 2008). The author has learned these factors in real time with the team and implemented many projects successfully in the past few months.

Motivational Environment:

The relationship between the strategy and the management systems plays an important role in a motivational environment. Organizations usually have a strategy of scheduling performance planning, management, and performance appraisal (Zielke, & Dobbelstein, 2007). Zielke also mentions that this strategy of considering the internal organizational culture motivates the employees to grow and provide services to the firm (2007). SAP, a German-based company, globally has implemented success map which allows employees to set up goals with their managers via SAP talk which helps the employees to stay on track with the vision and goal of the organization. Besides this SAP motivates the employees by providing a better employee culture with better infrastructure and timely bonus.

Leadership Skills:

Leadership is another key factor which impacts the growth of an organization in various ways. Leaders of an organization are responsible for putting the strategies together and make the management work towards the vision using this strategy (Maley, 2011). Leadership skills are of various kinds two of them are the Transitional Leadership and Transformational leadership. Steve Jobs and Bill Gates are two extraordinary leaders who have revolutionized the business world with their leadership. Steve jobs were considered as the transitional leader as he used to punish his employees if they have not reached the goals, on the other hand, Bill Gates was very soft and motivated the employees to complete their goals by giving them some personal time and checking with them every now and then (Wu, Chaney, Chen, Nguyen, & Melewar, 2015). These two amazing and different leadership style leaders have achieved success in their own way of leading.

BUS 730 CLA 2:

Management Strategy for Performance

The primary focal point of this course was to discuss the Management system for execution. At first, the course centered around the presentation and afterward burrow more on to different subjects like initiative and its impact on the exhibition of the association. On the other hand, this course additionally incorporated the attributes of the group and the employing procedure which was key for any association (Zielke, & Dobbelstein, 2007). This course gave knowledge of practically every one of the elements that influence the exhibition of an association that is from the individual chiefs to the group and afterward to the new contracts which were special (Chau, 2008). The following are the investigations of the paper with respect to the learning destinations of this course is Management methodology for execution.

Review/Analysis of the Case

The Management of Organization Strategy:

Choices made by the associations are presented to accomplish their vital objectives. There might be numerous elements for a firm to consider when making a decision (Maley, 2011). For instance, if a firm is into assembling a specific item, at that point, there might be specialists in the related field to settle on choices related to a decent item for the current market. It may not rely upon the proof yet instead on the specialists' learning and experience that they need to develop and accompany an arrangement to accomplish the procedure. As the administrators and specialists have great involvement in the worldwide market they utilize their very own aptitudes to determine good choices which may likewise prompt achievement or disappointment (Baldwin, Bommer, & Rubin, 2013).

To discover more proof, the association needs to discover courses through which it could accomplish their very own key objectives. Each association has its own arrangement of objectives. Along these lines, if a specialist works and finds proof in an association, similar proof does not infer for another association (McAfee, & Champagne, 1993). The master must go for more research to choose effectively for the new association. Occasionally the standards might be the equivalent of what we realize in any case, when we suggest those standards continuously in our working environment we have concocted great research to use sound judgment to get great outcomes.

Work Culture:

For each association work culture, execution and inspiration to their representatives might be extraordinary and can be learned through numerous sorts of research yet a definitive objective is to concocted great procedures to diminish or dispose of the issues. Appropriate arranging is to be made to generate great outcomes (Zielke, & Dobbelstein, 2007). It is critical to spurring representatives prompts a solid workplace that uses sound judgment. Explicit objectives and courses of events will encourage live execution by performing a significant advancement. The supervisor may use phrases like, "attempt your best" or "we should build deals", in order to have a better work culture. These objectives need clarity and cannot be estimated (Baldwin, Bommer, & Rubin, 2013).

External relationships:

In the organization, everything must keep running in every division quickly, there's no space for mistakes. The issue is that as contrasted and various directors, our evaluations for customer administration region unit beneath normal. The objective is to expand these appraisals and improve customer administration skill (McAllister, 2004). To attempt to that we must handle what measurements region unit being utilized to frame this evaluation. The more the questions can encourage the U.S. to set up zones were the issue, or a piece of the issue is. Various chiefs can determine what is a fair activity and this benchmark can work to help understand our disadvantages. When we have enough information to grasp various partners for a social affair, we can start to address key issues as the reasons for these issues are a blessing. Some of the partners will grasp diverse key directors (HR and IT administrators), high and low playacting administration reps, and potential clients. The gathering should center around identifying unmistakable issues and explanations behind these issues (Baldwin, Bommer, & Rubin, 2013).

PADIL:

Using PADIL as a system (Problem, Alternatives, Decide, Implement, Learn) one can work from unmistakable potential arrangements to executing them, and finally to the development and see what was found out from the aptitude (McAllister, 2004). Inside the activity the occurrence of various supervisors included; Associate in Nursing motivating force structure, interceding now once a rep does not perform well, or doing nothing. As a chief, we can experience work for reps that perform inadequately that grasp them shadowing the most straightforward reps, to creating Associate in nursing motivation like various supervisors (Kerfoot, 1998). The prompting must be thoroughly picked since, rather than the contrary administration focus, people in our middle dislike baseball enough for it to be a sound motivation.

The administration is being estimated is essential to get a handle on because of this information is critical to upgrade the rating of the administration focus. Models may grasp an assortment of times the telephone rings before learning, an assortment of times customer was exchanged from starting choice to support rep that understood the issue. Of these focuses will be encased amid another training or onboarding sessions so new reps start with brilliant propensities (Grimm, An, McArdle, Zondervan, & Resnick, 2012). The new structure in instructing will grasp motivating forces for best reps to mentor new reps. last a few things will be done to improve the numbers, anyway, it's indispensable to beginning catch wherever those numbers come back from and the way the exhibition is being estimated.

Execution Evaluation:

The impression of decency is significant for any exhibition or valuation. This will be settled by having clear objectives and desires which can compensate for the best entertainers. It was evident that nothing was finished as there was poor execution and having clear measurements will encourage progress and supply motivations for development (McAllister, 2004). For sure, decent entertainers will even now Maine propelled by rewards and non-budgetary motivations that grasp acknowledgment. It is crucial to comprehend the group in the home dimension since various people are persuaded by different things. Some are persuaded by achievement, others are by control, and others are propelled by connection. Knowing this may encourage a supervisor to individualize the inspiration and reward framework (Baldwin, Bommer, & Rubin, 2013)

Team Vs Groups:

It is true that not every business need teams. This might be because of the basic differences between team and group. A team is all about mutual involvement and revolving leadership, and the vision and the strategy are determined by the team. While groups are quite the opposite. With groups, the praise individual effort and the vision and strategy are determined to even before the group is formed (Maley, 2011). Let’s take an example of consulting or implementation partners, they are one type of groups because the client decides what needs to be done and the vision of it. They complete the work and get rewarded.

They take individual decisions without consulting other team members. Event Planners are another kind of group who are not referred to as teams. The workers get their directions from the planner and they must follow the directions. Another example could be union leaders and factory workers, they are given proper directions by their supervisors, they never follow their ideas and it is an individual contribution.

Relationship between Management Strategy and Leading change:

Organizations internal performance is increased by proper management but the real aspect of this performance is leadership and how the change is lead. Change can come in any form, it can be organizational or external factors (Chauhan, & Singh, 2019). Either case it is important to lead the change. A change can be managed but it won’t be as impactful as leading it. Managing a change can cause forceful acceptance, people may react to the change if it is not managed properly (Chauhan, & Singh, 2019). With leading a change the impact it is little different, people tend to accept the change and proceed accordingly. There is less chance of a negative reaction, and change can go smoother as it comes from the higher leadership team, not from the management level which can be taken otherwise (Chauhan, & Singh, 2019).

CLA 2 Introduction: Course #3 Leading Change

Organizations manage strategies to increase the performance, but the growth is dependent on the leadership not on the management. With the way the world is changing or transforming these days, changes are required in organizations. The question is how are the organizations dealing with these changes, are they managing the change or leading the change? These questions are answered in the course Leading change. The key concepts learned in this course are leading the change outcomes, environmental pressures for change, signs of resistance on the change, and Organizational development in leading the change management.

Leading the Outcomes of a Change:

Change is inevitable, based on various factors there is always a need for a change in the whole world, similarly in an organization. This change can come in various forms, may it be technology, globalization, environment, organization hierarchy, mergers & acquisitions or the market situation. Whichever the case is there is always a change, no matter what organizations must go through change at some point in time. The important aspect is who is leading this change And how is this change handled (Stanleigh, 2013). The pressure of these changes is placed on the leaders to grow the wealth of the stakeholders, increase the quality and utilization of the capital with better resources.

To successfully execute a change, it is important to have proper initiatives, moving the organization per the ability of the person to lead a change (Stanleigh, 2013). It is of utmost importance for any leader to follow the five Ps of change which are Pain, Process, Politics, Payoff, and Persistence. It is up to the leader which way he/she want to lead the change whether it is Command and control style or some other way. It is the responsibility of the leader to influence and get support from the environment and the ability to be more creative (Evans, 2016).

Resistance to Change:

People tend to resist whenever there is a change to come, Stanleigh says that it is not changed that people resist, it is being changed (2013). Having said that it is the responsibility of the Leaders to handle this resistance. People can make choices but when it comes to an organization, it is the higher management or leadership team who makes the decision which is made mandatory for the users to accept that change. Yes, resistance is healthy if the leaders do not react instead of plan out and work with proper assumptions (Evans, 2016). Some companies, for example, IBM and McKinsey did research on the resistance of the change and indicated that the failure rate of change is increased in the past decade. Technological changes are one of the factors that highly resist change (Nelson-Brantley, & Ford, 2017).

Some ways to remove the resistance are by conducting training within the organization, being open and honest, focus on the positive outcomes, giving a heads up about the upcoming change in detailed fashion, suggesting better ways to handle the change, flexibility towards the change and engaging the employees in all the steps decreases the resistance to some level. However, the leaders should also take necessary actions to face the aftermath of a change.

BUS 735 CLA 2

Leading Change Learning Assessment

Acquisitions and Mergers have turned out to be regular in the US monetary world, there are numerous acquisitions that occurred in the previous year however world record mergers occurred in 2006. The most talked and hot securing of 2017 is Verizon procuring Yahoo, Qualcomm dismissing the idea of Broadway, other Pharmaceutical acquisitions. The basic situation of every one of these acquisitions is the change that is going on in both the Organizations (Alevi, & Gill, 2017). The tremendous impact on the representatives and nature of the Organization. The unexpected change in the vision of the Organization is influencing the representatives and clients is difficult to process.

All the Change Managers ought to need to ensure that the change is going smooth. Amid this procedure, correspondence assumes a key job. Since this change has come clients and the workers ought to become accustomed to it. Change dependably brings a few and great and awful parts of it. For this situation, it brings shares increment or diminishing. The conveyance of the Projects to the clients and the client administration may likewise get influenced (Cable, 2016). The New organization approaches will produce results and assume control over the present pattern of the gained Organization.

Review/Analysis of the Case

Today in this paper we will examine the hot securing of Callidus cloud by a Europe based top dimension organization SAP. The US $2.4 billion securing was declared by SAP to expand its income in the Cloud condition. Bill McDermott, CEO of SAP said that this will enable them to expand their business to achieve their assessed edges. There is gigantic vital progress that is as of now occurring in SAP intending to the advancement of S/4 HANA on the cloud stage, which helps clients to the number 7900 who introduced the product at workplaces and plants with substantial licenses.

Key Frontlines:

This procurement has diminished the edges in a previous couple of years as the business dependent on the cloud is reliant on the memberships that take sufficiently long to bill and gather the sum charged for the Software Licenses that are purchased which has been a base for the business for a long time. McDermott said that this arrangement has conveyed such a great amount of benefits to the Organization appearing final quarter edge at 35.2% (Thomas, 2009).

Connection to Chapter 4:

In section 4, we find out about the Organizational models and the sorts of Diagnostic Models. I trust that McDermott has substantiated himself an incredible Director, as he built up that certainty and broke down how the organization can get benefit out of this merger. He additionally substantiated himself as a Navigator as he provided guidance to the Organization vision. He trained the Organization to ensure that the organization is achieving the objectives (DePree, 1989). Over this Acquisition, it is significant for both Sap and Callidus to concentrate on the Explicit models depicted by Warner Burke (2013). It is to personality objectives, disentangle the complexities, feature the needs, interdependencies, give a typical language to convey, and offer a procedure manual for the Organization. These need to be dealt with simply like how McDermott is as of now getting along. He gave guidance, permeability and needs to the group to ensure that the obtaining is fruitful and go smooth.

Major issue:

This Deal will completely remain as a major issue as this arrangement will help SAP in gaining its objective to be a topmost market dealer who sells programming for the front office which is utilized in deals and showcasing. This will likewise enable it to expand its product that is utilized in the back-office utilized by different Organizations to oversee many top-level tasks. McDermott told in one of his meetings that the HR application which they procured a couple of years back will be completely moved to Cloud stage. Callidus primarily center around its creations and authority or the executives rather than not just incomes. As Callidus dependably utilizes cloud stages, it causes SAP to accomplish its 2020 objectives to produce 70 to 75% incomes (Ramon, 2011). Its development is from 1% to 63% in 2017. McDermott said that they have done it to get another cloud income blend.

New Insights of this Deal:

The world economy is "about more or less great," 56-year-old American stated, pushing back against fears that rising exchange security and could harm the overall organizations like SAP. McDermott has quite recently finished seven days of furious corporate tact, when he met with French President Emmanuel Macron in Paris and ate with U.S. pioneer Donald Trump at the World Economic Forum in Davos, Switzerland. It's a mix of ace development, reasonable exchange and low assessment strategies as helpful to business in a world economy that was performing firmly over all locales.

Considering change can be confounding and questionable, it is ideal to impart plainly and pass on a "sense" of "what is happening" by giving direction and importance to the circumstance. At the point when a change is proposed it is imperative to convey obviously the inquiries like what, why, and how the change is required. As a supervisor, I trust you can impact the impression of the progressions required, and here and there, if enough oversaw, decide the achievement of these changes. By endeavoring to reshape the comprehension of the change, center administrators can impact the impression of the change and give better outcomes by painting a similar picture for everybody to accomplish.

As my very own proprietor business, I coordinated a considerable lot of the progressions the organization shared on request to change it to a progressively aggressive firm. In the process, I had victories', and I had disappointments. These futures characterized my capacity to expedite everybody board and having the option to "understand" the required executions. Sense-production is worried about disclosing past activities to oneself as well as other people (Wieck, 1995). Hierarchical change can be named as the exercises that drive an association from its present state toward wanted future state to build its prosperity and viability.

At the point when a change administrator goes about as a mediator, there can be some various dimensions that require consideration yet may not give an ideal achievement. More extensive powers from both inner and outer to the association will make powers that will dependably be contending powers attempting to build up their supposition about change. The mediator picture accentuates that the revision operators got the opportunity to have a reasonable perused of what's the sensible desire in experiencing structure correction. Though change directors could see the sense-production approach could appear to be more diligently claiming it is a little sum substantial (Joseph, 2015). In any case, sharing the skill of the alteration and recognizable proof of ongoing manners by which of moving toward it can make change process stable. Strategic maneuvers a basic job in deciding the impact of progress operator. Additionally, the utilization of intensity is essential for sense-production in the associations. It makes comprehension and direction to the groups that can help to receive the basic change.

As right on time as 2 years prior, procurement task inside the geographic area nations likely could be packed up in precisely 2 words: body task. Be that as it may, a change came current and is in the strategy (Brittney, 2016). The securing is rapidly changing into a vital capacity that aside from value investment funds and efficiencies, may convey business results and development. Conjointly with AN expanding recurrence, associations over the district square measure taking care of SAP to drive it. SAP's cloud-based application and business organize square measure among the most-utilized obtaining goals inside the Gulf Cooperation Community (GCC), as ground-breaking foundations secure them to fuel A coordinated and helpful technique which may propel their business destinations.

Similarly, as a buyer interfaces with an individual system to comprehend, to share and to shop better, comparatively, imaginative obtainment establishments are starting to get into the business system to re-develop business and along these lines make esteem." Daniel Hahnemann and Amos Tversky, Psychologists rather than market analysts, they despite achieved their sociology altruist by giving a straightforward characterize of mental component predispositions that make it potential to discuss anyway people square measure unreasonable, rather than just pronouncing that they're silly (Blomström, & Ari Kokko, 1996). Seven homes of Organizational Sensemaking.

Authoritative sense-making is naturally confounded (depicted by some as semi-uncertainty). Wieck has, in any case, attempted to efficiently arrange and give a clarification for this multifaceted motivation by means of refining seven key properties most quite often recognized in the sense-making writing. Even though there is some discussion as to if Wieck translates this idea in a too much tight pattern, this union introduces the incredible statement by and by close by.

Conclusion

All sense causing methodologies to contain some adaptation about retrospection or reflection on experience, which supplies objectivity and comprehensibility to any last outcome. This helps the idea that hierarchical key arranging, for the most part, includes the ability to record the story that matches the most recent chronicled past. Of watch, even though there is an agreement that it is particularly by utilizing looking at history that we make involvement, a few researchers presume that experience-production is additionally potential and that it's the demonstration of imagining the future that introduces the driving force for the activity.

Relationship between Leading Change and Business Intelligence

Leading a change with appropriate data is important for decision making and management of an organization. Organizations growth and performance increases based on the data that has been provided (Laith Ali, & Hassan, 2013). Business Intelligence gives the ability to scan, clean and provide meaningful information to the executives. Leadership can be of different styles, and proper information can be impactful in many ways. If appropriate data is not provided then decisions made can go against the organization so BI plays an important role and can change the organizational growth and returns (Laith Ali, & Hassan, 2013).

CLA 2 Introduction: Course #4 Business Intelligence

The process which analyses the data and presents it in a readable manner for the higher management to make decisions is Business intelligence (BI). Besides having a proper management and leadership team, it is important to have appropriate data to make decisions. Data is raw, and it has no meaning until it is converted into information using various technologies supporting business intelligence (Wiggins, 2001). Various databases like Oracle, Hana generate data whereas BI tools use this data, analyze it and then generate proper information. Some examples of BI tools are Informatica, Noetic, Microsoft dynamics, Zuora, Domo, Salesforce and so on. The learning outcomes of this course are Business benefits of high-quality information, Data warehousing in strategic decisions, and systems development life cycle (Cristescu, 2016).

Business Benefits of High-quality information:

Business decisions are made based on the information that is available or given. Organizations gain success based on the decisions made, however, the important aspect is the quality of this data. There are many tools that generate data and convert it into information but the ones that produce high-quality information always have an upper hand. Let’s say Oracle stores the data in its database management system and Microsoft Dynamics analyses this data and generate quality information (Cristescu, 2016). For example. Oracle stores 2018, quarter 1, budget 20k, revenue 40k. As a layman, this data doesn’t make any sense at all. But when the report in Informatica runs using this data it produces information like, In October 2018 Quarter 1, the budget was 20k and the revenue generated was 40k. This information helps the executive to make proper decisions.

Data warehousing in strategic decisions:

As said above quality data makes all the difference but how does this quality data come out? This is done by Data Warehousing and Data Mining. Data is dug from various systems either via the internet or traditional data sources, however, data warehouse provides the first level of clean data to be processed into information. Data Warehousing has three tiers of data cleanup which is called as the system development life cycle. The tier 3 clean data is then used to process the information for strategic decisions. Executives highly rely on this information (Olsen, & Dupin-Bryant, 2013). The company’s fate is dependent on these decisions. Data warehousing increases the speed and efficiency of decision making.

BUS 725 CLA 2

Business Intelligence Learning Assessment

Management Information systems are the term used to determine the business functions of the Application, technologies, and procedures which are grouped together as information systems to resolve the problems in the business. Some departments that provide appropriate information to this information’s systems are Accounting, Finance, Human Resources, and Marketing. MIS helps each department with different benefits like for Accounting it provides quantitative information about the Finances and the accounts. Whereas for Financing, this deals with strategic issues of finance while increasing the value of the business via social responsibilities (Krawatzeck, & Dinter, 2015). For HR, it provides plans and policies to manage the employees and their data. MIS is the proper academic discipline to cover the applications of people, technologies, and procedures to resolve the issues in the business.

Review/Analysis of the Case

Value Driven Business:

Value Driven Business is a concept that affects all parts of the business may it be internal or external. This concept includes the trust of the customers, employees and every single person involved in the business. Values in the sense like quality, affordability, customer satisfaction, making employees feel like they own this business and much more not just making money and thinking of turnover or revenue (Krawatzeck, & Dinter, 2015). It is very important for any business to maintain values within and build visions while keeping these values in the picture. Business can’t run just to make money they need to have values which are beyond money. Besides the customer and the employees, it is important for the business to consider our environment where we live. We tend to take a lot from nature, but never return it (Venter, 2018). Now it’s time to do as much as we can to this environment like having some values like maintaining trees in the office, encouraging employees to carpool or provide shuttles.

E-Business:

E-business or otherwise called as e-commerce is an online or internet-based business. It provides the ability to do business on the internet like online shopping or online banking, or any kind of services that are done through the internet. E-commerce plays an important role these days in the business world, most organizations are using the internet as their revenue makers. They buy and sell their products via the internet (Venter, 2018). For example, Amazon buys stuff from different retailers and sell them online. It has its own website and mobile application where customers can choose and buy products.

During the whole process of e-business, money transaction is done via the internet, payments, refunds, etc. is done online. Even for Money transfers, we use online banking. Above all, security is the main concerns of using online shopping or online banking. It is important for these businesses to maintain the security of their customer’s data. At this point of e-business, information security plays an important role (Kissi, Nat, & Idowu, 2017). Let’s discuss it now.

Information Security:

For any business to run in this world, information is the key player. Without appropriate information, no business can survive so it is important to have enough information to continue the business. But just having information won’t help, we need to have security for that information and here Information security plays a key role. Providing security to the information so that no third party steals the information is called information security (Kopf, & Homocianu, 2016). These days information, loss through the internet is common, so every organization should have the Security layers installed so that no secure information is lost. Having information security helps organizations achieve customer trust easily and people will start purchasing stuff online. Customer trust and loyalty will be lost if there is no proper information security. Every Organization should have a separate department that manages information security (Kopf, & Homocianu, 2016).

Agile MIS infrastructure:

The way of sharing the information within an Organization or group is called Agile MIS Infrastructure. Any Organization is dependent on this type of collaboration to manage the stakeholders. It upgrades the operations of the business procedure with the goal that it raises the efficiency and furthermore builds the productivity of the firm. Agile MIS infrastructure underpins the adjustment to the business procedure.

Business Intelligence:

Technology-driven processes to analyze the data and present the information to take decisions to the Executives or business leaders is called Business Intelligence. BI utilizes a wide variety of tools to process the information and analyze the data. These tools collect data from various internal and external processes, clean the data, develop and run the queries against data to get information in the form of dashboards, reports, or any kind of visual display like graphs (Shaniya, Gupta, & Goud, 2014). Business intelligence comprises of a huge variety of data analysis application, including Querying and reporting tools, Real-time BI, Cloud operations as a service and location services.

Connected World:

The network acts as an information route for users who wants to get access to data on all media. Organizations use networks to collaborate and communicate with their customers, employees, partners, and even with employees. The networks' primary goal is then to allow various devices to communicate at the highest possible speed while reducing the connecting costs. No more need to proceed with a physical copy of the information on a disk to transmit or receive data as it was the case in the past. Moreover, organizations take advantage of new business opportunities like E-business by selling or ordering online to customers almost all over the world or reducing traveling costs as networks provide channels to communicate through video conference using VoIP and VPN (Kuntonbutr, & Kulken, 2017).

Enterprise Resource Planning ERP:

The ERP system helps a manufacturing company in managing its manufacturing data better and make use of that data to make better business decisions. The system mainly covers business units like procurement, distribution, customer service, HR, Sales, Marketing, Production, Finance, and production. The data from all these business units will be stored in the ERP system. This single data source can be integrated with our business intelligence platform to do analytic and visualize the data. This can help the top management of the company in making better business decisions (Kaula, 2015).

Example of Supply Chain Management ERP is Sage. Sage is the most popular ERP for SCM. The example of customer relationship management, ERP is Microsoft Dynamics. To create and maintain a competitive advantage, organizations must either explore a market niche, bring product differentiation or be competitive in price. Managers have many alternatives to develop a strategy that will help to bring out a competitive advantage for enterprise systems that provide support and data access for different functions in the organization. The most popular enterprise systems are CRM, SCM, and ERP (Kaula, 2015). Concerning CRM for example, it helps the managers to identify the customers' consumption patterns and preferences, their level of satisfaction necessary to design the appropriate product features and marketing campaign

Following the concepts discussed above, a case study will be carried on a car rental activity. Based on data management, competitive intelligence and business intelligence will be used to create the competitive advantage necessary to grow and survive in today's highly competitive environment surrounded by continuous innovation and the digital revolution. Car rental is not more what it was in the past. Satisfying the customers with clean, new and reliable cars is not more enough to build their loyalty (Kaula, 2015). Internet revolution with wireless networks and smartphone penetration gives the opportunity for customers to have access to data and share information about themselves. It gives new channels to approach customers and provide them more convenience to access service and personalized experiences. Therefore, meeting these expectations, services and processes should be rethinking.

Concerning global car industry, a study, published as part of a report titled "Global and US Industry Analysis, Size, Share, Growth, Trends, and Forecast, 2013-2019" expects annual market growth between 2014 and 2019 of 13, 6%. Car rental companies include long-term renters and short-term renters. If these professionals have the common goal of providing a customer with a car, these sectors differ widely by their organization, their activities, their customers. Car rental activity can be divided into the economy, intermediate, and luxury cars (Sircar, 2009).

There is a huge and strong competition in the segment of the short-term car rental industry in which we will focus on. The market is saturated and led by companies like Herts, Avis, and SIXT. To increase their profitability, almost all companies work to increase their fleet. Besides that, companies are struggling to improve the conditions to give more convenience to customers using technological innovation and gadgets. Therefore, entering in the car rental industry is at a disadvantage for newcomers because, besides huge competition, huge investment to have a fleet to start is required (Sircar, 2009).

Concerning the distribution, many companies have an agreement with hotels and travel companies. Besides, that, there are many substitutes available for the car rental sector. Many alternatives are available and include taxi and public transportation that are satisfactory in terms of costs but not always in terms of quality and time constraints as compared to renting a car especially for the business segment. Thus, substitute threats are relatively low in the car rental industry. Conversely to competitors and substitutes, suppliers have low powers in the terms and conditions of the supply of rental cars because there are a lot of manufacturers and car are usually bought in bulk and there are no switching costs (Viaene, 2008).

Therefore, from the above data analysis, we notice that the rental car industry is not too attractive because of strong competition, investment barrier to but, there are still some market niches. A business can focus on luxury fleet and business transportation may be a good strategy as this market niche is not saturated. Leveraging on online and mobile apps to touch a large market going beyond national boundaries offering simple and convenient access to the platform in few clicks may help to catch a market share (Viaene, 2008). A car rental software with a recovery service back up in the cloud allowing mobile capabilities and wireless connection including SCM for fleet management, CRM related to social media with SMS and email notifications for booking, contracts, quoting, payment will be helpful to discover business intelligence helpful in decisions making.

Another key success factor will be then the by adding the convenience of the online rental as it is an important factor consumer consider in today interconnected world, real-time technology can help to easily and quickly locate the customer and the near driver once the booking confirmation is received. Furthermore, integrated navigation systems as well as GPS assistance to offer consumers more safety feeling. In another side, CRM reporting help to be aware of the major customers, conversion rate, retention rate, customer preferences and deliver personalized service and loyalty programs for them (Viaene, 2008).

In the delivery process, keys indicators to measure the performance should be defined to monitor, evaluate the MIS infrastructure and adjust the strategy. Numerous success factors can be used to determine the efficiency of car rental fleet management. In addition to fleet appearance feedback given by the customer, utilization capacity is also relevant to measure the success of the industry. It is crucial to managing the fleets effectively and the related costs of maintenance, repairs, insurance, thefts, and fuel. Not the less, fleet appearance is another factor consumer consider and with a CRM platform gathering data on the customers feedback related to the car cleanness, customers complaints on dirty, may help to identify in the chain who is not doing the job and take corrective actions to avoid losing customers or having negative comments on social media (Viaene, 2008).

Conclusion

Therefore, even in a complex and highly competitive environment, using data for competitive intelligence and discover business intelligence can help to create a business opportunity or competitive advantage. In the nowadays interconnected world, with data available anywhere by anybody who has a computer and internet, data gathering, processing and communication are crucial to survive and grow for any organization.

Part II: Applied Learning Question Response

In a layman’s terms, a business is the organized efforts in producing and selling goods while engaging in various sectors like commercial, industrial and professional activities. Administering a business requires monitoring or overseeing all the functions that are related to managing the business to achieve the goals successfully with a proper vision. These business administration functions may include organizing, hiring, and operations which needs to be handled properly the with goals of the operations (Liebman, Kahnke, & Bundy, 2005). Using the concepts learned in the first year of the doctorate course, the Author of this paper will provide an understanding of the concepts using the scenario of having a small company and how strategize a plan to grow the company while solving three challenges, a need to hire 2 more employees immediately, A need to keep employees motivated during this time of change, and A need to increase and improve marketing to include social media.

A need to hire 2 more employees immediately:

As the business grows the need to expand its internal employee's increases. It is not recommended to overload the current employees. To have a quality outcome it is important to get some more employees. Before hiring the employees, it is important to consider the following aspects.

Affordability:

Management must first look at the driving factors of the revenue, and the leading indicators which forecast the way the business is heading. Once these are analyzed then it is easy to justify the need for new employees. For example, if there is a need to hire a salesperson then the key factors that need to analyzed first are the number of proposals or bids made per period. If these numbers are higher than the current staff can afford then there is certainly a need to hire (Barron, Bishop, & Dunkelberg, 1985).

Time:

This factor plays an important role in resolving this challenge, the management should know how soon they need an employee, meaning the right time to hire. Let us take an example if the work has increased then overloading the current employees will put a risk of losing a current employee. So, the right time to hire Is when the employees are quite busy, and they have enough work to generate revenue which in this case is true as the company is growing (Weems, 2004).

Hidden Costs:

Business runs on money and it is important to budget accordingly. It is always recommended that any business has some amount of budget for hiring purposes and for the time when there is a high need for employees. It is also known that new hires need some time for training or knowledge transfer and the business must budget for these costs too (Weems, 2004).

Hire or Promote:

Business always has two types of employees, they are, the employees who generate revenue, and the ones who handle the business functions. If there is a need for the employees who generate revenue, then there is no point in thinking, hire right away to meet the gross the profits. When comes to the employees handling the functional part of the business then analyses how this can be handled by promoting the current employees, which can reduce hiring costs, training costs, time need for knowledge transfer and gives an opportunity for the person promoted to work better (Weems, 2004).

In this case, if all the above 4 questions of affordability, time, costs and promotions are answered then it is highly recommended to hire. Let’s assume that all the questions are answered as yes then it is a good decision to hire one employee and promote one of the current employees. This will not only reduce cost but also gives an opportunity for the employee to grow and showcase his/her abilities (Weems, 2004).

A need to keep employees motivated during this time of change:

Leadership plays an important role during the time of change and every leader has their own ways of leading this change within the organization. It a known fact that Change is inevitable and every organization must go through the change. During change, it is important to keep the employees motivated. This motivation can be via money or without money. Either case there is always a need for motivation (Sullivan, 1998). Some ways with which leaders can keep their employee motivated during the change are as below

Set the direction:

It is the responsibility of the leaders to position their team to make proper priorities at each stage of change. Leaders must believe in the vision and make the team believe in the vision by listening to the concerns of the team and providing solutions towards this vision. Defining a set of metrics and assigning to the proper employees motivates them that they have been given high importance in the change process (Sullivan, 1998).

Engage the team:

Focused and organized leaders help their team by giving the ability to change or transition their own way but eventually go through the change. Even though this ability is given, it is important to lead it in a proper way by asking the employees to give suggestions to go through the phase of change which will motivate the employees throughout the change (Sullivan, 1998).

Leverage Talent:

As in the previous problem of hiring employees, promoting gives a higher motivation to the employees to accept the change and digest the change (Sullivan, 1998).

Move Forward:

In any business, there are motivators and demotivators, it is important for the business to move forward in either case. Leaders must talk to demotivator first and show them a proper path to achieve the change, it the person doesn’t change then it is recommended to get rid of that employee. It is important for any business to keep an open conversation, show the numbers of the business revenue which gives a high motivation to accepts the change as there is a scope to grow with the change (Sullivan, 1998).

Besides the above three aspects, leaders should follow the proper process of change and have meetings with all the employees to show the progress of change. Leaders must stand with the employees during the process of change and share the success with the whole team which gives high regard for motivation (Sullivan, 1998).

A need to increase and improve marketing to include social media

Marketing plays an important role in running a business, which can be done in various ways. Organizations must come up with a strategy to do the marketing of their products or services. This strategy can include the channel of marketing, which can be direct in-person product promotions, or virtually via social media. In this scenario, the author researches about improving the presence in social media as a strategy for marketing (Lundgren, & Schneider, 1971). Social media allows the business to create their presence and reach out to the users all over the world, however, it is important to keep the users engaged and communicate with the customers in a proper way by maintaining loyal relationships (Zhao, & Kleiner, 2003). Some of the Marketing strategies that can be used in growing the business via social media channel are listed below

Right networks:

As everyone knows, Facebook has revolutionized the social media world so choosing Facebook won’t be a wrong strategy, similarly, twitter, snapchat and other advertising tools like YouTube, can increase the attention of the users (Buzeti, Klun, & Stare, 2016).

Set a Goal:

There are several benefits by being active in social media by engaging the customers, posting new and existing information about the company, valuing the feedback and so on. To achieve these leaders or management must set appropriate goals by driving sales and improving customer service (Tseng, 2016).

Automated Posts:

To increase the buzz in social media it is important to build a strategy to post something or other on social media. As the posts are new, people tend to follow else it will be left out in the back end (Weinstock, 2015).

Considering the above all, management must budget for improving the marketing strategy every year. If needed it is also recommended to hire an analyst to guide or advise the business for a better strategy. It is also recommended for the business users to understand the culture and the locational impact before improving the social media presence so that it is not offensive (Burk, & Gramlich, 2018).

Conclusion

This paper is evidence of the learning of various concepts from the Doctor of Business Administration year 1program which included, managing an organization to increase the performance, leading the change and marketing strategies to increase business revenue. Besides these managerial topics, the author has also learned how important it is to have proper information via business intelligence for a successful turnover of the business

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