Nurs435 assignmweek1

How to Construct an Annotated Bibliography

Sample annotated bibliography entry:

Torgan, C. (2015). Immune system shaped by environment more than genes. U.S.

Department of Health and Human Services, National Institute of Health.

http://www.nih.gov/researchmatters/february2015/02022015immune.htm

As published by the National Institutes of Health, Torgan (2015) reviews research from Stanford University School of Medicine comparing the genetic and environmental effects on the immune system, finding that the environmental factors affect the immune system to a greater degree. Freely available on the government website, this article summarizes the latest research about the topic in a way that is accessible for other researchers and the general public equally. The selected points featured at the beginning of the article improve accessibility for non-medically trained readers. The premise of the reviewed study postulated that comparing the immune system parameters of identical twins and fraternal twins would allow a distinction to be made between genetic and environmental effects. By using twins for the research study, the researchers dismissed the possibility of biased results or uncontrollable variables; instead, the study highlights how the variations caused by genes have less impact than the variations caused by the environment. The results of this study have implications for determining how to modify treatments for infectious diseases, such as influenza which was used in the study. The brevity of the article effectively communicated complex immunology in easily understood terms and provided realistic applications for the research.