Sustainability Assignment

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Sahas_LCA_SCI215.docx

Life Cycle Assessment of A4 size Paper: Part 2

Sahas Belbase

Westcliff University

Creating a Sustainable World: Technology & Energy Solutions

Professor Sijal Pokharel

November 17, 2021

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Electricity, heat, fuel, water

Input

Water, electricity, fuel

Electricity, heat, explosives

Output

Emission of CO2, electricity, fuel

Extraction

Woods, clays, water, metals, graphite ore.

Pollution, Methane gas emission

Habitat loss, tree fragments, dust and fine graphite particles, and soil contamination are all factors.

Distribution

Cardboard boxes, plastics wrappers

Manufacturing

Slates, rubbers, graphite lead, paint.

Life Cycle Assessment of A4 size Paper: Part 2

In this section, we will talk about how cardboard boxes are made. We will start at the very beginning, called the cradle stage, and work our way to the very end, called the grave stage, when we will explain what happens to the Cardboard box after it's produced. Raw material extraction, material manufacture, and product manufacture are the most significant processes in the manufacturing of a product. Each of these stages' inputs and outputs will be examined.

Extraction: The extraction of raw materials is the first step in the creation of any product. Trees and glue are the only raw materials utilized in the creation of cardboard boxes. Pine trees are a great supply of raw materials for creating lumber, paper, and cardboard because they are fast-growing and robust. Before it can be used to manufacture paper, the raw wood must be converted into pulp. We can also find habitat loss, trees being broken down into bits, dust and fine graphite particles being produced, and soil contamination during the extraction of material for Cardboard boxes. This stage is always required in the production of any product.

Manufacturing: The second process is production, which follows the extraction of material for Cardboard boxes. After that, the wood pulp of wood fibers is treated to generate paper. Glues are commonly used to corrugate papers in order to create cardboard boxes. Cardboard boxes have a corrugating medium inside structure, as well as an outside and inner layer of linerboard. Each layer has a wide number of 'base weights,' or weights per square meter, to choose from. Double and triple wall boxes are also available, and the corrugating medium is available in a variety of weights and flute profiles. There is, in fact, a solid packing material that is not multi-layered. The product is virtually ready for distribution now.

Distribution: The distribution of manufactured goods is now the third stage of the specified LCA. Two of the most critical parts of shipping and delivering goods and products are distribution and transportation. Transportation is the process of moving objects from one point to another, whereas distribution is the process of classifying, conveying, and distributing products to their final destination. The total procedure that guarantees that the product arrives at its destination in good shape, also known as proper commodities handling, is known as distribution. Transportation is an aspect of the distribution process that deals with the movement of commodities but not with the development of methods for moving items. These procedures are followed to get manufactured goods to their end destination, or customers. However, there are other negative consequences of using transportation, including the emission of pollutants from automobiles that harm the environment. Furthermore, non-recycled materials might contaminate the environment.

References

Gaudrealt, C. (10th November, 2009). Using LCA to Enhance EMS: Pulp and paper case study.

Environmental progress and Sustainable energy, 28(4), 576-588.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/ep.10340

Moreno, A. (22nd July, 2011). Application of product data technology standards to LCA data.

Journal of industrial ecology, 15(4), 483-495

DOI: https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1530-9290.2011.00353.x

Hauschild, M. & Barlaz, M. A. (23rd November, 2010). LCA in waste Management.

Solid waste technology and waste management, 1 & 2.

DOI:  https://doi.org/10.1002/9780470666883.ch10