Mental Measurements Yearbook Review & Ethical Use of Assessment

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COUN5106_000603_2_1195_1_04 - COUN5106 - JUL 08 2019 TO SEP 13 2019 - SECTION 04

SafeAssign Draft Review Whitney Williams on Sat, Aug 03 2019, 1:34 PM

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Attachments (1)

Draft.docx

Abstract

1 THIS PAPER PROVIDES A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ASSESSMENTS IN THE

COUNSELING PROFESSION. THEN IT SELECTS THE BECK DEPRESSION

INVENTORY-II TO ANALYZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PARTICULAR

ASSESSMENT. NEXT, THE PAPER ANALYZES THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION

OF THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II, WHICH COMES FOR THE COGNITIVE

THEORY APPROACH. THEN IT PRESENTS SPECIFIC ETHICS AND LEGAL TO

CONSIDER WHEN USING THIS ASSESSMENT AND THEN MOVE TO DIVERSE

POPULATION CONSIDERATION.

2 MENTAL MEASUREMENTS YEARBOOK REVIEW AND ETHICAL USE OF

ASSESSMENT

1 ASSESSMENTS ARE UTILIZED IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION BECAUSE IT

PROVIDES A WAY FOR THE COUNSELOR TO OBTAIN INFORMATION FOR

(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)

Draft.docx Word Count: 1,648 Attachment ID: 2034285729

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CLIENTS TO MEASURE THE SEVERITY OF EMOTION SUCH AS DEPRESSION. THIS

PAPER CONSISTS OF FIVE SECTIONS; THE FIRST SECTION PROVIDES THE

HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ASSESSMENT IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION

(CAPLAN, A. L., & Ray, A., 2016). 1 THE SECOND SECTION PRESENTS AN

ANALYTICAL ON THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-III. THE THIRD SECTION

IS ANALYTICAL ON COGNITIVE THERAPY. THE FOURTH SECTION DISCUSSES

SPECIFIC ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING THE BECK

DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II TO TREAT CLIENTS. LASTLY, THIS SECTION TALKS

ABOUT SEVERAL CONSIDERATION WHEN USING THE BECK DEPRESSION

INVENTORY-II. HOW WILL ASSESSMENT IMPACT PARTICULAR COUNSELING

SESSION?

HISTORY OF ASSESSMENT IN COUNSELING

THE TESTING MOVEMENT BEGAN WITH A PERSON IN THE FIELD OF THE

BIOLOGIST, NOT PSYCHOLOGIST HIS NAME WAS FRANCS GALTON IN THE LATE

1800S AND EARLY 1900S. HE DESIRED TO MEASURE THE HUMAN

CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIVIDUALS THAT WERE BIOLOGICALLY RELATED AND

UNRELATED. IN 1905, BINET AND HENRI ESTABLISHED THE FIRST ASSESSMENT

TOOL TO MEASURE AN INDIVIDUAL’S INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES, WHICH IS

CALLED AN IQ TEST. DURING WAR WORLD I, THE MILITARY BECAME VERY

INTERESTED IN UTILIZING THE IQ TEST. THEN THE MILITARY USED

PSYCHOLOGIST TO DEVELOP THE IQ TEST BY ADDING MORE DETAILS TO

RECRUIT NEW SOLDIERS. ONCE IT WAS PUBLISHED TO THE PUBLIC, THE

MILITARY NO LONGER USED IT. LATER, SPEARMEN DECIDED THAT

INTELLIGENCE IS MADE UP OF TWO FACTOR, GENERAL TASK AND SPECIFIC

TASKS. AROUND THE 1920S THE MILITARY REGAINED INTEREST IN TEST AND

CREATED A PROTOTYPE TO TEST A PERSON’S PERSONALITY AND PRESENTED IT

TO THE PUBLIC IN 1921 (CAPLAN, A. L., & Ray, A., 2016). 1 LATER, AROUND THE

1940S AND 1950S, THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION PUBLISHED A

DEDICATED SECTION THAT DEFINED THE STANDARD FOR TESTING. THEN, IN

THE 1980S, COMPUTERS USE FOR ASSESSMENTS WAS A HUGE STEP BECAUSE IT

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ALLOWED FASTER RESULTS. IN 2000 UNTIL NOW ACHIEVEMENT TESTING

PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM DUE TO THE NO

CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT OF 2001. A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN THE MENTAL

HEALTH FIELD WAS THE REVISION OF THE DSM-IV TO THE DSM-V, WHICH

ASSISTS DIAGNOSING CLIENTS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS.

ASSESSMENTS ARE A SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE COUNSELING PROFESSION

BECAUSE, WITHOUT THOSE, COUNSELORS WILL NOT GAIN THE PROPER

CLIENT’S INFORMATION TO FORMULATE A TREATMENT PLAN TO HELP WITH

CLIENT’S ISSUES OR CONCERNS. There are several assessment tools out to help gather a

client’s information; however, counselors must know the correct way to administer each

assessment used for a client (Chikeleze, 2017). 1 AS PROFESSION WILL DO NOT WANT

TO CAUSE HARM TO OUR CLIENT, SO THE APA IMPLEMENT SPECIFIC

REQUIREMENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL TO PURCHASE AND USE ASSESSMENTS.

ALSO, THE COUNCIL FOR ACCREDITATION COUNSELING AND RELATED

EDUCATION PROGRAMS (CACREP) REQUIRES COUNSELING PROGRAMS TO

INCLUDE AN ASSESSMENT COURSE.

Analysis of an Assessment Tool

1 A SIMPLIFIED ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION

IS THE DEPRESSION INVENTORY-2 (BDI-II). SINCE DEPRESSION IS ONE OF THE

MOST COMMON MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN THE US, MANY COUNSELORS

CAN UTILIZE THIS TOOL TO HELP MEASURE THE CLIENT’S LEVEL OF

DEPRESSION. ALSO, MANY CLIENTS’ EXPERIENCE HAVING MORE THAN ONE

MENTAL HEALTH DIAGNOSIS, AND MOSTLY ONE OF THE DIAGNOSES IS

DEPRESSION. THIS IS A REASON WHY COUNSELORS NEED TO USE ASSESSMENT

TOOLS BECAUSE IT ASSISTS WITH DETERMINING IF A CLIENT FITS THE

CRITERIA FOR A SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS. THE COUNSELING PROFESSION’S

HISTORY HAS SHOWN SINCE THE 1960’S THE BDI HAS HELPED MANY

CLINICIANS TO ACCURATELY DIAGNOSIS CLIENTS WITH DEPRESSION (SLOMP,

2016).

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IN 1961, A PSYCHIATRIST NAMED AARON BECK CREATED THE BECK

DEPRESSION INVENTORY. To develop this inventory, he used negative thoughts of his

patients’ experiences to help established three elements that affect the depression level. 1

THESE ELEMENTS ARE A PERSON NEGATIVE VIEW OF THE WORLD, THEIR

FUTURE, AND THEMSELVES. HE DEVELOPED A SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM

THAT MAKES UP OF TWENTY-ONE MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONS, AND IT

TOOK FIFTEEN MINUTES TO ADMINISTER. THE QUESTIONS MEASURED AN

INDIVIDUAL’S FEELINGS WITHIN A WEEK. THE SCORE RANGED WAS FROM 0 TO

63 WITH 0, MEANING NO DEPRESSION AND 63 MEANING SEVERE DEPRESSION.

ACCORDING TO THIS INVENTORY, AN INDIVIDUAL WITH HIGH SCORES DEALS

WITH MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION.

SINCE THE 1960’S THE BECK DEPRESSION WAS REVISED TWICE, AND NOW IT

CALLED THE BDI-II. THE SECOND VERSION HAS A SIMILAR FOUNDATION OF

THE FIRST VERSION, IT HAS 21 QUESTIONS, AND THE ADMINISTRATION TIME IS

STILL 15 MINUTES. However, some of the questions were changed or reworded (Terplan, M., &

Minkoff, H., 2017). 1 THE QUESTIONS CHANGED DEALT WITH THE FOLLOWING:

BODY IMAGES CHANGE, OR DIFFICULTY, WEIGHT LOSS, AND SOMATIC

PREOCCUPATION. THOSE QUESTIONS WERE REPLACED WITH ITEMS SUCH AS

AGITATION, WORTHLESS, LOSS OF ENERGY, AND CONCENTRATION

DIFFICULTY. ALSO, THE TIME CHANGED FROM ONE WEEK TO TWO WEEKS,

WHICH A MORE PROLONGED TIME FRAMES TO MEASURES AN INDIVIDUAL’S

SYMPTOMS AND THE OCCURRENCES, SO IT PROVIDES BETTER RESULTS. THERE

ARE A LIMITED NUMBER OF CASE STUDIES CONDUCTED WITH BDI-II MAINLY,

AND MAJORITY STUDIES ARE DONE WITH THE WHITE POPULATION. A CASE

STUDY DONE IN 2007 HAS A CASE SAMPLE OF CLINICALLY IDENTIFIED

MEXICAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS.

ANALYSIS OF BECK’S COGNITIVE THEORY

ALL ASSESSMENTS ARE CREATED BASED ON A THEORY SUCH AS THE BECK

DEPRESSION INVENTORY IS BASED ON BECK’S COGNITIVE THEORY. Aaron T. 1

BECK CREATED COGNITIVE THERAPY DURING THE SAME TIME AS ELLIS

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CREATED RBET, ALTHOUGH BOTH WERE UNAWARE OF EACH OTHER WORK, SO

EACH APPROACH WAS CREATED SEPARATELY. THESE APPROACHES SHARE

TWO DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHICAL, REBT BASED ON PHILOSOPHICAL TENETS,

AND CT WAS BASED ON EMPIRICAL RESEARCH. BOTH APPROACHES FOCUS ON

EDUCATION AND PREVENTION BUT USE PARTICULAR METHODS TO RELATE TO

SPECIFIC ISSUES. ONE THING THAT ALLOWS CT TO STAND OUT FROM REBT IS

THE SPECIFICITY OF CT, WHICH PERMITS THERAPISTS TO LINK ASSESSMENT,

CONCEPTUALIZATION, AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES.

AT ONE POINT IN THE COUNSELING HISTORY, THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE-

BASED THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION UNTIL BECK DEVELOPED ONE. AFTER BECK

TESTED ALL OF HIS THEORETICAL CONTRASTS AGAINST EMPIRICAL STUDIES

AND CONDUCTED CONTROLLED OUTCOME STUDIES TO IDENTIFY THE

COMPARISON OF CT’S OUTCOME TO EXISTING PSYCHOTHERAPY AND

PHARMACOTHERAPY TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION. BECK’S EMPIRICAL

APPROACH WAS STARTED TO BECOME FAMOUS AND WAS ADOPTED BY MANY

COLLEAGUES AROUND THE WORLD. THEN EVIDENCE-SUPPORTED CT

APPROACHES CREATED FOR MANY DISORDERS BESIDES DEPRESSION

(TERPLAN, M., & MINKOFF, H., 2017).

Ethical Considerations

1 COUNSELORS NEED TO FOLLOW THE ACA 2014 CODE OF ETHICS WHEN

ADMINISTERED ASSESSMENT TOOL SUCH AS THE BDI-II. FOR EXAMPLE, IF A

COUNSELOR ADMINISTERED THE BDI-II TO A CLIENT, AND THE RESULTS COME

BACK POSITIVE FOR DEPRESSION, UNDER ACA 2014 CODE OF ETHICS, IT IS

UNETHICAL FOR THE COUNSELOR TO DISREGARD THE RESULTS. THE CLIENT’S

RESULTS MAY SHOW THEY WERE AT DANGEROUS RISK FOR HARMING

THEMSELVES. THE BEST ETHICAL APPROACHED TO THIS EXAMPLE, FOR THE

COUNSELOR TO IMMEDIATELY ADDRESS THE RESULT FOR POSITIVE

DEPRESSION AND TO WORK TOGETHER WITH OTHER PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS

PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN (SLOMP, 2016). WORKING TOGETHER WITH OTHER

PROFESSIONAL IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE CLIENT’S DEPRESSION MANAGEMENT

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SO IT WILL INCREASE THEIR QUALITY OF CARE. IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT

COUNSELORS WHO USED ASSESSMENTS FOR DEPRESSION NEED TO HAVE A

PLAN IN PLACE TO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT, ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS, AND

FOLLOW-UP WITH THE CLIENT.

DIVERSE GROUPS MOST ASSESSMENTS WERE DEVELOPED USING WHITES AS

THE POPULATION VERSE USING OTHER RACES. THIS IS WHY THE COUNSELOR

NEEDS TO USE ASSESSMENTS THAT INCLUDE THE CLIENT’S FROM THE

DIVERSE POPULATION BECAUSE SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT TESTS MAY BE

INAPPROPRIATE AND EVEN CAUSES INACCURATE DIAGNOSIS. ALTHOUGH THE

BDI-II HAS BEEN USED ON MULTIPLE POPULATIONS, IT DOES NOT HAVE A

SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF STUDIES USING MINORITIES. IT HAS BEEN NOTED

THAT THE RESEARCHER HAS IDENTIFIED THE GAP AND HAVE RECENTLY

RECOMMENDED THAT THE BDI-II CAN BE ADMINISTERED TO SPECIFIC

MINORITY SUCH AS LOW-INCOME AFRICAN AMERICANS. THIS IS WHY

COUNSELORS NEED TO DO AN ASSESSMENT THAT INCLUDES THE CLIENT’S

BACKGROUND. ALSO, THE ACA CODE OF ETHICS DEDICATED A SECTION ON

ASSESSMENT USE. UNDER STANDARD E.5.B COUNSELOR NEED TO

UNDERSTAND THAT A PERSON CULTURE HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON HOW

CLIENTS’ ISSUES ARE DEFINED AND EXPERIENCED. ALSO, CLIENTS’

SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCES NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO

CONSIDERATION WHEN DIAGNOSING MENTAL DISORDER.

BASED ON REVIEWS ON THE BDI-II ASSESSMENT, THE LEARNER WILL BE

USING IT IN THE MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING. THE LEARNER IS FULLY

AWARE THAT THE BDI-II HAS LIMITATIONS WITH SPECIFIC POPULATIONS

SUCH AS AFRICAN AMERICANS. SINCE THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS WAS BASE

ON WHITES, THE LEARNER BELIEVES IT MAY NOT ACCURATELY MEASURE

DEPRESSION IN THE AFRICAN AMERICANS POPULATION. HOWEVER, IT SEEMS

LIKE THIS ASSESSMENT IS TYPICALLY USED WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS

POPULATION, BUT THE LEARNER BELIEVES THE BDI-II SHOULD BE REVISED

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AGAIN AND INCLUDE MORE DIVERSE POPULATION LIKE AFRICAN AMERICANS

AND MORE (SLOMP, 2016).

IN CLOSING, TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT PLAN FOR CLIENTS,

THEN WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT ASSESSMENTS SINCE IT MEASURES EMOTIONS

WHICH CANNOT BE MEASURED USING THE TRADITIONAL MEASURING TOOLS.

HISTORY HAS SHOWN THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF ASSESSMENTS HAS A

SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE COUNSELING PROFESSION. THE BECK

DEPRESSION INVENTORY HAS BEEN REVISED TO THE SECOND VERSION, BUT IT

IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR ASSESSMENTS TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF

DEPRESSION WITHIN CLIENTS. THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II IS

ROOTED IN THE COGNITIVE THEORY, WHEREAS ANY OTHER ASSESSMENTS

WERE DEVELOPED FROM THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK. WHEN USING ANY

ASSESSMENTS TO TREAT CLIENT, IT IS VITAL TO CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING,

ACA CODE OF ETHICS, STATE LAWS, AND DIVERSE POPULATION.

Citations (2/2)

Matched Text

1 Another student's paper

2 Another student's paper

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THIS PAPER PROVIDES A HISTORICAL OVERVIEW OF ASSESSMENTS IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION

Source - Another student's paper This paper provides a historical overview of assessments in the counseling profession

Suspected Entry: 100% match

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Uploaded - Draft.docx THEN IT SELECTS THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II TO ANALYZE THE DEVELOPMENT OF THIS PARTICULAR ASSESSMENT

Source - Another student's paper Then it selects the Beck Depression Inventory-II to analyze the development of this particular assessment

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx NEXT, THE PAPER ANALYZES THE THEORETICAL FOUNDATION OF THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II, WHICH COMES FOR THE COGNITIVE THEORY APPROACH

Source - Another student's paper Next, the paper analyzes the theoretical foundation of the Beck Depression Inventory-II which comes for the Cognitive Theory approach

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THEN IT PRESENTS SPECIFIC ETHICS AND LEGAL TO CONSIDER WHEN USING THIS ASSESSMENT AND THEN MOVE TO DIVERSE POPULATION CONSIDERATION

Source - Another student's paper Then it presents specific ethics and legal to consider when using this assessment and then move to diverse population consideration

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ASSESSMENTS ARE UTILIZED IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION BECAUSE IT PROVIDES A WAY FOR THE COUNSELOR TO OBTAIN INFORMATION FOR CLIENTS TO MEASURE THE SEVERITY OF EMOTION SUCH AS DEPRESSION

Source - Another student's paper Assessments are utilized in the counseling profession because it provides a way for the counselor to obtain information for clients to measure the severity of emotion such as depression

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Uploaded - Draft.docx THIS PAPER CONSISTS OF FIVE SECTIONS

Source - Another student's paper This paper consists of five sections

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Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE FIRST SECTION PROVIDES THE HISTORICAL BACKGROUND OF ASSESSMENT IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION (CAPLAN, A

Source - Another student's paper the first section provides the historical background of assessment in the counseling profession

Suspected Entry: 89% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE SECOND SECTION PRESENTS AN ANALYTICAL ON THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-III

Source - Another student's paper The second section presents an analytical on the Beck Depression Inventory- II

Suspected Entry: 94% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE THIRD SECTION IS ANALYTICAL ON COGNITIVE THERAPY

Source - Another student's paper The third section is an analytical on Cognitive Therapy

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE FOURTH SECTION DISCUSSES SPECIFIC ETHICAL AND LEGAL CONSIDERATIONS WHEN USING THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II TO TREAT CLIENTS

Source - Another student's paper The fourth section discusses specific ethical and legal considerations when using the Beck Depression Inventory-II to treat clients

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx LASTLY, THIS SECTION TALKS ABOUT SEVERAL CONSIDERATION WHEN USING THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II

Source - Another student's paper Lastly, this section talks about diverse consideration when using the Beck Depression Inventory-II

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Uploaded - Draft.docx HOW WILL ASSESSMENT IMPACT PARTICULAR COUNSELING SESSION

Source - Another student's paper How will assessment impact certain counseling session

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx HISTORY OF ASSESSMENT IN COUNSELING

Source - Another student's paper History of Assessment in Counseling

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE TESTING MOVEMENT BEGAN WITH A PERSON IN THE FIELD OF THE BIOLOGIST, NOT PSYCHOLOGIST HIS NAME WAS FRANCS GALTON IN THE LATE 1800S AND EARLY 1900S

Source - Another student's paper The testing movement began with a person in the field of the biologist, not psychologist his name was Francs Galton in the late 1800s and early 1900s

Suspected Entry: 89% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx HE DESIRED TO MEASURE THE HUMAN CHARACTERISTIC OF INDIVIDUALS THAT WERE BIOLOGICALLY RELATED AND UNRELATED

Source - Another student's paper He desired to measure the human characteristic of individuals that were biologically related and unrelated (Whitson, 2017)

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx IN 1905, BINET AND HENRI ESTABLISHED THE FIRST ASSESSMENT TOOL TO MEASURE AN INDIVIDUAL’S INTELLECTUAL ABILITIES, WHICH IS CALLED AN IQ TEST

Source - Another student's paper In 1905, Binet and Henri established the first assessment tool to measure an individual’s intellectual abilities which is called an IQ test

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Uploaded - Draft.docx DURING WAR WORLD I, THE MILITARY BECAME VERY INTERESTED IN UTILIZING THE IQ TEST

Source - Another student's paper During War World I the military became very interested in utilizing IQ test

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Uploaded - Draft.docx THEN THE MILITARY USED PSYCHOLOGIST TO DEVELOP THE IQ TEST BY ADDING MORE DETAILS TO RECRUIT NEW SOLDIERS

Source - Another student's paper Then the military used psychologist to develop the IQ test by adding more details to recruit new soldiers

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Uploaded - Draft.docx ONCE IT WAS PUBLISHED TO THE PUBLIC, THE MILITARY NO LONGER USED IT

Source - Another student's paper Once it was published to the public the military no longer used it

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Uploaded - Draft.docx LATER, SPEARMEN DECIDED THAT INTELLIGENCE IS MADE UP OF TWO FACTOR, GENERAL TASK AND SPECIFIC TASKS

Source - Another student's paper Later, Spearmen decided that intelligence is made up of two factor, general task and specific tasks (Whitson, 2017)

Suspected Entry: 95% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx AROUND THE 1920S THE MILITARY REGAINED INTEREST IN TEST AND CREATED A PROTOTYPE TO TEST A PERSON’S PERSONALITY AND PRESENTED IT TO THE PUBLIC IN 1921 (CAPLAN, A

Source - Another student's paper Around the 1920s the military regained interest in test and created a prototype to test a person’s personality and presented it to the public in 1921

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Uploaded - Draft.docx LATER, AROUND THE 1940S AND 1950S, THE AMERICAN PSYCHOLOGICAL ASSOCIATION PUBLISHED A DEDICATED SECTION THAT DEFINED THE STANDARD FOR TESTING

Source - Another student's paper Later, around the 1940s and 1950s, The American Psychological Association (APA) published a dedicated section that defined the standard for testing

Suspected Entry: 97% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THEN, IN THE 1980S, COMPUTERS USE FOR ASSESSMENTS WAS A HUGE STEP BECAUSE IT ALLOWED FASTER RESULTS

Source - Another student's paper Then, in the 1980s computers use for assessments was a huge step because allowed faster results

Suspected Entry: 89% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx IN 2000 UNTIL NOW ACHIEVEMENT TESTING PLAYED A SIGNIFICANT ROLE IN THE EDUCATION SYSTEM DUE TO THE NO CHILD LEFT BEHIND ACT OF 2001

Source - Another student's paper In 2000 until now achievement testing plays a major role in the education system due to the No Child Left Behind Act of 2001

Suspected Entry: 80% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx A FUNDAMENTAL CHANGE IN THE MENTAL HEALTH FIELD WAS THE REVISION OF THE DSM-IV TO THE DSM-V, WHICH ASSISTS DIAGNOSING CLIENTS WITH MENTAL DISORDERS

Source - Another student's paper A key change in the Mental Health field was the revision of the DSM-IV to the DSM-V (Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Health Disorders) which assists diagnosing clients with mental disorders

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ASSESSMENTS ARE A SIGNIFICANT PART OF THE COUNSELING PROFESSION BECAUSE, WITHOUT THOSE, COUNSELORS WILL NOT GAIN THE PROPER CLIENT’S INFORMATION TO FORMULATE

Source - Another student's paper Assessments are a major part of the counseling profession because without those counselors will not gain the proper client’s information to formulate a treatment plan to help with clients issues or concerns

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A TREATMENT PLAN TO HELP WITH CLIENT’S ISSUES OR CONCERNS

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx AS PROFESSION WILL DO NOT WANT TO CAUSE HARM TO OUR CLIENT, SO THE APA IMPLEMENT SPECIFIC REQUIREMENTS FOR PROFESSIONAL TO PURCHASE AND USE ASSESSMENTS

Source - Another student's paper As profession will do not want to cause harm to our client so the APA implement specific requirements for professional to purchase and use assessments

Suspected Entry: 87% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALSO, THE COUNCIL FOR ACCREDITATION COUNSELING AND RELATED EDUCATION PROGRAMS (CACREP) REQUIRES COUNSELING PROGRAMS TO INCLUDE AN ASSESSMENT COURSE

Source - Another student's paper In addition, the Council for Accreditation Counseling and Related Education Programs (CACREP) requires counseling programs to include an assessment course (Whitson, 2017)

Suspected Entry: 79% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx A SIMPLIFIED ASSESSMENT INSTRUMENT IN THE COUNSELING PROFESSION IS THE DEPRESSION INVENTORY-2 (BDI-II)

Source - Another student's paper Analysis of an Assessment Tool A popular assessment instrument in the counseling profession is the Depression Inventory-2 (BDI-II)

Suspected Entry: 92% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx SINCE DEPRESSION IS ONE OF THE MOST COMMON MENTAL HEALTH PROBLEMS IN THE US, MANY COUNSELORS CAN UTILIZE THIS TOOL TO HELP MEASURE THE CLIENT’S LEVEL OF DEPRESSION

Source - Another student's paper Since depression is one of the most common mental health problems is the US, a lot of counselors can utilize this tool to help measure the client’s level of depression

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Suspected Entry: 93% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALSO, MANY CLIENTS’ EXPERIENCE HAVING MORE THAN ONE MENTAL HEALTH DIAGNOSIS, AND MOSTLY ONE OF THE DIAGNOSES IS DEPRESSION

Source - Another student's paper Also, many clients’ experiences having more than one mental health diagnosis and mostly one of the diagnoses is depression

Suspected Entry: 95% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THIS IS A REASON WHY COUNSELORS NEED TO USE ASSESSMENT TOOLS BECAUSE IT ASSISTS WITH DETERMINING IF A CLIENT FITS THE CRITERIA FOR A SPECIFIC DIAGNOSIS

Source - Another student's paper This is a reason why counselors need to use assessment tool because it assists with determining if a client fits the criteria for a specific diagnosis

Suspected Entry: 93% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE COUNSELING PROFESSION’S HISTORY HAS SHOWN SINCE THE 1960’S THE BDI HAS HELPED MANY CLINICIANS TO ACCURATELY DIAGNOSIS CLIENTS WITH DEPRESSION (SLOMP, 2016)

Source - Another student's paper The counseling profession’s history has shown since the 1960’s the BDI has helped many clinicians to accurately diagnosis clients with depression

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx IN 1961, A PSYCHIATRIST NAMED AARON BECK CREATED THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY

Source - Another student's paper In 1961, a psychiatrist named, Aaron Beck created the Beck Depression Inventory

Suspected Entry: 68% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THESE ELEMENTS ARE A PERSON NEGATIVE VIEW OF THE WORLD, THEIR FUTURE, AND THEMSELVES

Source - Another student's paper These elements are a person negative view of the world, their future, and themselves (An Examination of the History, Development, and Uses of the Beck Depression Inventory)

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Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx HE DEVELOPED A SELF-ASSESSMENT SYSTEM THAT MAKES UP OF TWENTY-ONE MULTIPLE CHOICES QUESTIONS, AND IT TOOK FIFTEEN MINUTES TO ADMINISTER

Source - Another student's paper He developed a self-assessment system that makes up of twenty-one multiple choices questions and it took fifteen minutes to administer

Suspected Entry: 88% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE QUESTIONS MEASURED AN INDIVIDUAL’S FEELINGS WITHIN A WEEK

Source - Another student's paper The questions measured an individual’s feelings within a week time period

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE SCORE RANGED WAS FROM 0 TO 63 WITH 0, MEANING NO DEPRESSION AND 63 MEANING SEVERE DEPRESSION

Source - Another student's paper The score ranged was from 0 to 63 with 0 meaning no depression and 63 meaning severe depression

Suspected Entry: 76% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ACCORDING TO THIS INVENTORY, AN INDIVIDUAL WITH HIGH SCORES DEALS WITH MORE SEVERE SYMPTOMS OF DEPRESSION

Source - Another student's paper According, to this inventory individual with high scores deals with more severe symptoms of depression (An Examination of the History, Development, and Uses of the Beck Depression Inventory)

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx SINCE THE 1960’S THE BECK DEPRESSION WAS REVISED TWICE, AND NOW IT CALLED THE BDI-II

Source - Another student's paper Since the 1960’s the Beck Depression was revised twice and now it called the BDI-II

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Suspected Entry: 83% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE SECOND VERSION HAS A SIMILAR FOUNDATION OF THE FIRST VERSION, IT HAS 21 QUESTIONS, AND THE ADMINISTRATION TIME IS STILL 15 MINUTES

Source - Another student's paper The second version has similar foundation of the first version, it has 21 questions and the administration time is still 15 minutes however, some of the questions were changed or reworded

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE QUESTIONS CHANGED DEALT WITH THE FOLLOWING

Source - Another student's paper The questions changed dealt with the following

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx BODY IMAGES CHANGE, OR DIFFICULTY, WEIGHT LOSS, AND SOMATIC PREOCCUPATION

Source - Another student's paper body images change, or difficulty, weight loss, and somatic preoccupation

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THOSE QUESTIONS WERE REPLACED WITH ITEMS SUCH AS AGITATION, WORTHLESS, LOSS OF ENERGY, AND CONCENTRATION DIFFICULTY

Source - Another student's paper Those questions were replaced with items such as agitation, worthless, loss of energy, and concentration difficulty (Arbisi, 2001)

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALSO, THE TIME CHANGED FROM ONE WEEK TO TWO WEEKS, WHICH A MORE PROLONGED TIME FRAMES TO MEASURES AN INDIVIDUAL’S SYMPTOMS AND THE OCCURRENCES, SO IT PROVIDES BETTER RESULTS

Source - Another student's paper Also, the time period changed from one week to two weeks, which a longer time frames to measures an individual’s symptoms and the occurrences so it provides better results

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THERE ARE A LIMITED NUMBER OF CASE STUDIES CONDUCTED WITH BDI-II MAINLY, AND MAJORITY STUDIES ARE DONE WITH THE WHITE POPULATION

Source - Another student's paper There are a limited number of case studies conducted with BDI-II mainly and majority studies are done with the white population

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx A CASE STUDY DONE IN 2007 HAS A CASE SAMPLE OF CLINICALLY IDENTIFIED MEXICAN AMERICAN ADOLESCENTS

Source - Another student's paper A case study done in 2007 has a case sample of clinically identified Mexican American Adolescents

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ANALYSIS OF BECK’S COGNITIVE THEORY

Source - Another student's paper Analysis of Beck’s Cognitive Theory

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALL ASSESSMENTS ARE CREATED BASED ON A THEORY SUCH AS THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY IS BASED ON BECK’S COGNITIVE THEORY

Source - Another student's paper All assessments are created based on a theory such as the Beck Depression Inventory is based on Beck’s Cognitive Theory

Suspected Entry: 97% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx BECK CREATED COGNITIVE THERAPY DURING THE SAME TIME AS ELLIS CREATED RBET, ALTHOUGH BOTH WERE UNAWARE OF EACH OTHER WORK, SO EACH APPROACH WAS CREATED SEPARATELY

Source - Another student's paper Beck created cognitive therapy (CT) during the same time as Ellis created RBET although both were unaware of each other work so each approach was created separately

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THESE APPROACHES SHARE TWO DIFFERENT PHILOSOPHICAL, REBT BASED ON PHILOSOPHICAL TENETS, AND CT WAS BASED ON EMPIRICAL RESEARCH

Source - Another student's paper These approaches share two different philosophical, REBT based on philosophical tenets and CT was based on empirical research

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx BOTH APPROACHES FOCUS ON EDUCATION AND PREVENTION BUT USE PARTICULAR METHODS TO RELATE TO SPECIFIC ISSUES

Source - Another student's paper Both approaches focus on education and prevention but use particular methods to relate to specific issues

Suspected Entry: 94% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ONE THING THAT ALLOWS CT TO STAND OUT FROM REBT IS THE SPECIFICITY OF CT, WHICH PERMITS THERAPISTS TO LINK ASSESSMENT, CONCEPTUALIZATION, AND TREATMENT STRATEGIES

Source - Another student's paper One thing that allows CT to stand out from REBT is the specificity of CT which permits therapists to link assessment, conceptualization, and treatment strategies (Corey, 2017)

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx AT ONE POINT IN THE COUNSELING HISTORY, THERE WAS NO EVIDENCE-BASED THERAPY FOR DEPRESSION UNTIL BECK DEVELOPED ONE

Source - Another student's paper At one point in the counseling history, there was no evidence-based therapy for depression until Beck developed one

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx AFTER BECK TESTED ALL OF HIS THEORETICAL CONTRASTS AGAINST EMPIRICAL STUDIES AND CONDUCTED CONTROLLED OUTCOME STUDIES TO

Source - Another student's paper After Beck tested all of his theoretical contrasts against empirical studies and conducted controlled outcome studies to identify the comparison of CT’s outcome to

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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IDENTIFY THE COMPARISON OF CT’S OUTCOME TO EXISTING PSYCHOTHERAPY AND PHARMACOTHERAPY TREATMENTS FOR DEPRESSION

existing psychotherapy and pharmacotherapy treatments for depression

Suspected Entry: 84% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx BECK’S EMPIRICAL APPROACH WAS STARTED TO BECOME FAMOUS AND WAS ADOPTED BY MANY COLLEAGUES AROUND THE WORLD

Source - Another student's paper Beck’s empirical approach was started to become popular and was adopted by a number of colleagues around the world

Suspected Entry: 80% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THEN EVIDENCE-SUPPORTED CT APPROACHES CREATED FOR MANY DISORDERS BESIDES DEPRESSION (TERPLAN, M., & MINKOFF, H., 2017)

Source - Another student's paper Then evidence-supported CT approaches created for many disorders besides depression (Corey, 2017)

Suspected Entry: 84% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx COUNSELORS NEED TO FOLLOW THE ACA 2014 CODE OF ETHICS WHEN ADMINISTERED ASSESSMENT TOOL SUCH AS THE BDI-II

Source - Another student's paper It is important for counselors to follower the ACA 2014 code of ethics when administered assessment tool such as the BDI-II

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx FOR EXAMPLE, IF A COUNSELOR ADMINISTERED THE BDI-II TO A CLIENT, AND THE RESULTS COME BACK POSITIVE FOR DEPRESSION, UNDER ACA 2014 CODE OF ETHICS, IT IS UNETHICAL FOR THE COUNSELOR TO DISREGARD THE RESULTS

Source - Another student's paper For example, if a counselor administered the BDI-II to a client and the results come back positive for depression, under ACA 2014 code of ethics it is unethical for the counselor to disregard the results

Suspected Entry: 84% match

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Uploaded - Draft.docx THE CLIENT’S RESULTS MAY SHOW THEY WERE AT DANGEROUS RISK FOR HARMING THEMSELVES

Source - Another student's paper The client’s results may show they were at dangerous risk for harming themselves (Sheehan & McGee, 2013)

Suspected Entry: 94% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE BEST ETHICAL APPROACHED TO THIS EXAMPLE, FOR THE COUNSELOR TO IMMEDIATELY ADDRESS THE RESULT FOR POSITIVE DEPRESSION AND TO WORK TOGETHER WITH OTHER PROFESSIONALS SUCH AS PRIMARY CARE PHYSICIAN (SLOMP, 2016)

Source - Another student's paper The best ethical approached to this example, for the counselor to immediately address the result for positive depression and to work together with other professionals such as primary care physician

Suspected Entry: 93% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx WORKING TOGETHER WITH OTHER PROFESSIONAL IS ESSENTIAL FOR THE CLIENT’S DEPRESSION MANAGEMENT SO IT WILL INCREASE THEIR QUALITY OF CARE

Source - Another student's paper Working together with other professional is important for the client’s depression management so it will increase their quality of care

Suspected Entry: 96% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx IT IS RECOMMENDED THAT COUNSELORS WHO USED ASSESSMENTS FOR DEPRESSION NEED TO HAVE A PLAN IN PLACE TO EFFECTIVE TREATMENT, ACCURATE DIAGNOSIS, AND FOLLOW-UP WITH THE CLIENT

Source - Another student's paper It is recommended that counselors who used assessments for depression need to have a plan in place to effective treatment, accurate diagnosis, and follow-up with the client (U.S

Suspected Entry: 90% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx DIVERSE GROUPS MOST ASSESSMENTS WERE DEVELOPED USING WHITES AS THE POPULATION

Source - Another student's paper Most assessments were developed using Whites as the population verse using other races

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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VERSE USING OTHER RACES

Suspected Entry: 78% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THIS IS WHY THE COUNSELOR NEEDS TO USE ASSESSMENTS THAT INCLUDE THE CLIENT’S FROM THE DIVERSE POPULATION BECAUSE SPECIFIC ASSESSMENT TESTS MAY BE INAPPROPRIATE AND EVEN CAUSES INACCURATE DIAGNOSIS

Source - Another student's paper This is why it is important for the counselor to use assessments that includes the client’s from the diverse population because certain assessment tests may be inappropriate and even causes inaccurate diagnosis (Sashidharan, Pawlow, &Pettibone, 2012)

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALTHOUGH THE BDI-II HAS BEEN USED ON MULTIPLE POPULATIONS, IT DOES NOT HAVE A SUFFICIENT AMOUNT OF STUDIES USING MINORITIES

Source - Another student's paper Although the BDI-II has been used on multiple populations, it does not have a sufficient amount of studies using minorities

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx IT HAS BEEN NOTED THAT THE RESEARCHER HAS IDENTIFIED THE GAP AND HAVE RECENTLY RECOMMENDED THAT THE BDI-II CAN BE ADMINISTERED TO SPECIFIC MINORITY SUCH AS LOW-INCOME AFRICAN AMERICANS

Source - Another student's paper It has been noted that the researcher has identified the gap and have recently recommended that the BDI-II can be administered to specific minority such as low income African Americans

Suspected Entry: 62% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THIS IS WHY COUNSELORS NEED TO DO AN ASSESSMENT THAT INCLUDES THE CLIENT’S BACKGROUND

Source - Another student's paper This is why important for counselors to an assessment that included the client’s background (Sashidharan, Pawlow, &Pettibone, 2012)

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Suspected Entry: 89% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALSO, THE ACA CODE OF ETHICS DEDICATED A SECTION ON ASSESSMENT USE

Source - Another student's paper In addition, the ACA code of ethics dedicated a section on assessment use

Suspected Entry: 89% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx UNDER STANDARD E.5.B COUNSELOR NEED TO UNDERSTAND THAT A PERSON CULTURE HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON HOW CLIENTS’ ISSUES ARE DEFINED AND EXPERIENCED

Source - Another student's paper Under Standard E.5.b counselor need to understand that a person culture has a major impact on the manner in which clients’ issues are defined and experienced

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx ALSO, CLIENTS’ SOCIOECONOMIC AND CULTURAL EXPERIENCES NEED TO BE TAKEN INTO CONSIDERATION WHEN DIAGNOSING MENTAL DISORDER

Source - Another student's paper Also, clients’ socioeconomic and cultural experiences need to be taken into consideration when diagnosing mental disorder

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx BASED ON REVIEWS ON THE BDI-II ASSESSMENT, THE LEARNER WILL BE USING IT IN THE MENTAL HEALTH COUNSELING

Source - Another student's paper Based on reviews on the BDI-II assessment, the learner will be using it in the Mental Health Counseling

Suspected Entry: 93% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE LEARNER IS FULLY AWARE THAT THE BDI-II HAS LIMITATIONS WITH SPECIFIC POPULATIONS SUCH AS AFRICAN AMERICANS

Source - Another student's paper The learner is fully aware that the BDI-II has limitations with certain populations such as African Americans

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx SINCE THE DEVELOPMENT PROCESS WAS BASE ON WHITES, THE LEARNER BELIEVES IT MAY NOT ACCURATELY MEASURE DEPRESSION IN THE AFRICAN AMERICANS POPULATION

Source - Another student's paper Since the development process was base on Whites the learner believes it may not accurately measure depression in the African Americans population

Suspected Entry: 95% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx HOWEVER, IT SEEMS LIKE THIS ASSESSMENT IS TYPICALLY USED WITH AFRICAN AMERICANS POPULATION, BUT THE LEARNER BELIEVES THE BDI-II SHOULD BE REVISED AGAIN AND INCLUDE MORE DIVERSE POPULATION LIKE AFRICAN AMERICANS AND MORE (SLOMP, 2016)

Source - Another student's paper However, it seems like this assessment is typically used with African Americans population but the learner believes the BDI-II should be revised again and include more diverse population like African Americans and more

Suspected Entry: 95% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx IN CLOSING, TO PROVIDE AN EFFECTIVE TREATMENT PLAN FOR CLIENTS, THEN WE NEED TO IMPLEMENT ASSESSMENTS SINCE IT MEASURES EMOTIONS WHICH CANNOT BE MEASURED USING THE TRADITIONAL MEASURING TOOLS

Source - Another student's paper In closing, to provide an effective treatment plan for clients then we need to implement assessments since it measures emotions which cannot be measure using the traditional measuring tools

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx HISTORY HAS SHOWN THAT THE INTRODUCTION OF ASSESSMENTS HAS A SIGNIFICANT IMPACT ON THE COUNSELING PROFESSION

Source - Another student's paper History has shown that the introduction of assessments has a major impact on the counseling profession

Suspected Entry: 100% match

8/3/2019 SafeAssign Originality Report

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Uploaded - Draft.docx THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY HAS BEEN REVISED TO THE SECOND VERSION, BUT IT IS ONE OF THE MOST POPULAR ASSESSMENTS TO DETERMINE THE LEVEL OF DEPRESSION WITHIN CLIENTS

Source - Another student's paper The Beck Depression Inventory has been revised to the second version but it is one of the most popular assessments to determine the level of depression within clients

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx THE BECK DEPRESSION INVENTORY-II IS ROOTED IN THE COGNITIVE THEORY, WHEREAS ANY OTHER ASSESSMENTS WERE DEVELOPED FROM THE THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Source - Another student's paper The Beck Depression Inventory-II is rooted in the Cognitive Theory whereas any other assessments were developed from the theoretical framework

Suspected Entry: 94% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx WHEN USING ANY ASSESSMENTS TO TREAT CLIENT, IT IS VITAL TO CONSIDER THE FOLLOWING, ACA CODE OF ETHICS, STATE LAWS, AND DIVERSE POPULATION

Source - Another student's paper When using any assessments to treat client it is important to consider the following, ACA Code of Ethics, state laws, and diverse population

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Draft.docx MENTAL MEASUREMENTS YEARBOOK REVIEW AND ETHICAL USE OF ASSESSMENT

Source - Another student's paper Mental Measurements Yearbook Review and Ethical Use of Assessment