Assignment 3: America as Superpower—Confrontation in a Nuclear Age (1947-Present)

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HIS105166VA016-1198-001 - AMERICAN HISTORY AFTER 1865

Assignment 3 Submission

Makilo Thomas Hanyo

on Sun, Dec 01 2019, 6:18 AM

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Drafr Assignment 3- America as Superpower.docx 43%

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Running head: AMERICA AS SUPERPOWER 1

AMERICA AS SUPERPOWER 11

Assignment 3: 1 AMERICA AS SUPERPOWER—CONFRONTATION IN A NUCLEAR AGE (1947-PRESENT) MOHAMED BAH

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Lead Instructor Name: Professor Chip Stansbury

HIS 105: 2 AMERICAN HISTORY AFTER 1865

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· 11/29/2019

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STRAYER UNIVERSITY

Introduction

· DOMINO THEORY CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS A COLD WAR PLAN THAT BROUGHT SUGGESTIONS OF A COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT IN A PARTICULAR NATION THAT WOULD SPEEDILY RESULT IN A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER IN THE NEARBY STATE, IMPLYING EACH OF THE STATES FALLING LIKE A ROW OF DOMINOS. THE U.S GOVERNMENT JUSTIFIED HER INVOLVEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA THROUGH THE DISCREDITED DOMINO THEORY IN THE VIETNAM WAR AND TO OFFER SUPPORT TO A NON-COMMUNIST DICTATOR IN SOUTH VIETNAM. Regardless of the failure of the American government to prevent a communist victory, the proponents of the domino theory view it with less magnitude (Schultz, 1992. p. 545). 4 APART FROM CAMBODIA AND LAOS, COMMUNISTS FAILED TO FURTHER SPREAD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA. America cold warriors used geopolitics as a foundation of national policy when confronting the Soviet Union and communism which was a threat to capitalism.

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In the post-cold war, the paper will be focusing on rogue states as the strategic concern and the first Persian Gulf War to be a confrontation approach to Saddam Hussein’s rogue state.

· HISTORY AND ISSUES

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· THE DOMINO THEORY

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By the onset of 1950, the inhabitants of the U.S foreign policy were strongly convinced that due to the fall of Indochina to communism would rapidly lead to many other countries in Southeast Asia falling to communism. The Domino theory was then included in the Indochina report and by 1954, during the Vietnam battle, President Dwight articulated the same as the falling Domino standard. President Dwight feared that the loss of Vietnam to communist control would similarly lead to other countries neighboring Vietnam into communist states. President Dwight’s frequent use of Domino theory made the principle famous and it was widely used as shorthand to illustrate the strategic importance of South Vietnam to the U.S and also an attempt to contain the rapid growth of communism throughout the world. To curtail the rapid spread of communism in Southeast Asia, the U.S chose to be deeply involved in the Vietnam War. After the Geneva conference, the French-Viet Minh war occurred and this split Vietnam along the latitude which is famously referred to as the 17th parallel. The United States was at the forefront of the SEATO organization, which was just an organization of nations that were committed to taking actions against countries that poised as security threats within the region (Schultz, 1992. p. 462).

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J.F Kennedy who was the successor of the white house further deepened the commitment of the U.S in Southeast Asia through allocating more resources to help in supporting Ngo Dihn's reign. 4 IN SOUTH VIETNAM AND ALSO OFFERED RELEVANT SUPPORT FOR THE NON-COMMUNIST FORCES INVOLVED IN THE LAOS CIVIL WAR IN 1961-

62. J.F Kennedy backed out from supporting Dihn Diem after a domestic opposition to the reign, although Kennedy re-affirmed the standpoint of the Domino theory and the need to continuously contain the spread of communism (Dulles, 1954). 4 DIEM WAS

MURDERED IN A MILITARY COUP AND THREE WEEKS AFTERWARDS PRESIDENT KENNEDY WAS ALSO LIQUIDATED. Lyndon B. Johnson who was the successor further strengthened the use of Domino theory and reinforced the soldiers from a few thousand to five hundred thousand within five years. 4 IN THE END, IN AS MUCH AS

THE ATTEMPT OF THE U.S TO PREVENT A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER, THE NORTH VIETNAMESE MARCHED AND TOOK OVER SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALTHOUGH COMMUNISM DID NOT SPREAD FURTHER.

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· PERSIAN GULF WAR

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Iraqi leader Saddam Hussein directed the incursion of the bordering country Kuwait in early 1990, astonished by this move, other Islamic states informed the United States as the superpower and further western States to intervene. Hussein disobeyed the United Nations security command to extract from Kuwait by mid-1991, and this sparked the start of the Persian Gulf War, through different operations, the U.S led air operations identified as procedure desert storm. After about 42 days of endlessly attacking from the pounded as well as the air, a

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ceasefire was declared by President Bush on February 28, 1991, by this period maximum of the Iraqi militaries had either fled or submitted (Bush, 1991). The U.S president together with other western allied forces condemned the invasion of Kuwait.

From the Gulf War, it is regarded that a decisive victory for the coalition, although Kuwait and Iraqi suffered vehemently through this damage, although Saddam Hussein was not evicted from power, the aftermath of the war saw a damning ravage to his reign.

Comparison

On equaling the Vietnam War and the first Persian Gulf war, the United States in the Persian Gulf war had an advantage of many states, the U.S was not fighting the war for their own good rather keep the much-needed peace in Kuwait. The Vietnamese war was preventing the spread of Communism in Southeast Asia, this was majorly an American war to protect capitalism hence suffered a disadvantage of no support from allied forces. Another advantage of the Persian Gulf War is the use of more sophisticated and weapons against the Iraqi forces on a more open ceasefire (Schultz, 1992. p. 432). While the Vietnam War was a collaboration with likeminded states to stump out Communism and avoid its spread. Also, the inhabitants of Kuwait suffered injuries and deaths due to this war.

Conclusion

In conclusion, the different period when these wars happened signifies a lot, America as a superpower has the advantage of protecting her rights using any strategy they seem fit. The

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Vietnam War was an advancement of American rights while in the Persian Gulf War, the fight was to liberate Kuwait and restore peace. In the future, it is more prudent to approach challenging issues with more caution and put into consideration mediation. Through mediation, an issue might be duly dealt with without escalating to loss of lives and property.

Reference

Schultz, p. 1 462–7, 485–8, 499–506, 535–540, 560–7. 5 HTTPS://WWW.THOUGHTCO.COM/MUTUALLY-ASSURED-DESTRUCTION-1221190

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John F. Dulles. January 2, 1954. 2 SECRETARY DULLES’ STRATEGY OF MASSIVE

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RETALIATION.

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HTTP://COLLEGE.CENGAGE.COM/HISTORY/WADSWORTH_9781133309888/U

NPROTECTED/PS/DULLES.HTML

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George H. W. Bush. 2 MARCH 6, 1991. ADDRESS BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF

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THE CONGRESS ON THE CESSATION OF THE PERSIAN GULF CONFLICT. HTTP://COLLEGE.CENGAGE.COM/HISTORY/WADSWORTH_9781133309888/U NPROTECTED/PS/BUSHNWO.HTML

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Citations (7/7)

· Another student's paper

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· Another student's paper

· http://www.conflittiestrategie.it/tag/mondo

· http://preview.history.com/topics/cold-war/domino-theory

· Another student's paper

· https://www.americanforeignrelations.com/A-D/The-Domino-Theory-The-eisenhower-administration.html

7 https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-531-90703-1_7

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Uploaded - Drafr Assignment 3- America as

Superpower.docx

AMERICA AS SUPERPOWER—CONFRONTATION IN A NUCLEAR AGE (1947-PRESENT) MOHAMED BAH

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462–7, 485–8, 499–506, 535–540, 560–7

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America as Superpower—Confrontation in a Nuclear Age (1947-Present)

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462–7, 485–8, 499–506, 535–540, 560–7

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AMERICAN HISTORY AFTER 1865

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SECRETARY DULLES’ STRATEGY OF MASSIVE RETALIATION

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American History after 1865 11/30/2018

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Secretary Dulles’ Strategy of Massive Retaliation

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HTTP://COLLEGE.CENGAGE.COM/HISTORY/WAD SWORTH_9781133309888/UNPROTECTED/PS/DU LLES.HTML

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http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_97811 33309888/unprotected/ps/dulles.html 3

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MARCH 6, 1991

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ADDRESS BEFORE A JOINT SESSION OF THE CONGRESS ON THE CESSATION OF THE PERSIAN GULF CONFLICT

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HTTP://COLLEGE.CENGAGE.COM/HISTORY/WAD SWORTH_9781133309888/UNPROTECTED/PS/BU SHNWO.HTML

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March 6, 1991

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Address before a Joint Session of the Congress on the Cessation of the Persian Gulf Conflict

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http://college.cengage.com/history/wadsworth_97811 33309888/unprotected/ps/bushnwo.html)

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Source - http://www.conflittiestrategie.it/tag/mondo 29.11.2019

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DOMINO THEORY CAN BE CLASSIFIED AS A COLD WAR PLAN THAT BROUGHT SUGGESTIONS OF A COMMUNIST GOVERNMENT IN A PARTICULAR NATION THAT WOULD SPEEDILY RESULT IN A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER IN THE NEARBY STATE, IMPLYING EACH OF THE STATES FALLING LIKE A ROW OF DOMINOS

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THE U.S GOVERNMENT JUSTIFIED HER INVOLVEMENT IN SOUTHEAST ASIA THROUGH THE DISCREDITED DOMINO THEORY IN THE VIETNAM WAR AND TO OFFER SUPPORT TO A NON-COMMUNIST DICTATOR IN SOUTH VIETNAM

Source - http://preview.history.com/topics/cold-war/domino-theory

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The domino theory was a Cold War policy that suggested a communist government in one nation would quickly lead to communist takeovers in neighboring states, each falling like a perfectly aligned row of dominos

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Source - http://preview.history.com/topics/cold-war/domino-theory

government used the now-discredited domino theory to justify its involvement in the Vietnam War and its support for a non-communist dictator in South Vietnam

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APART FROM CAMBODIA AND LAOS, COMMUNISTS FAILED TO FURTHER SPREAD IN SOUTHEAST ASIA

With the exception of Laos and Cambodia, communism failed to spread throughout Southeast Asia

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IN SOUTH VIETNAM AND ALSO OFFERED RELEVANT SUPPORT FOR THE NON-COMMUNIST FORCES INVOLVED IN THE LAOS CIVIL WAR IN 1961-62

Source - http://preview.history.com/topics/cold-war/domino-theory

resources in support of the Ngo Dinh Diem regime in South Vietnam and of non-communist forces fighting a civil war in Laos in 1961-62

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DIEM WAS MURDERED IN A MILITARY COUP AND THREE WEEKS AFTERWARDS PRESIDENT KENNEDY WAS ALSO LIQUIDATED

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Three weeks after Diem was murdered in a military coup in early November 1963, Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas

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IN THE END, IN AS MUCH AS THE ATTEMPT OF THE U.S TO PREVENT A COMMUNIST TAKEOVER, THE NORTH VIETNAMESE MARCHED AND TOOK OVER SOUTHEAST ASIA, ALTHOUGH COMMUNISM DID NOT SPREAD FURTHER

In the end, even though the American effort to block a communist takeover failed, and North Vietnamese forces marched into Saigon in 1975, communism did not spread throughout the rest of Southeast Asia

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HISTORY AND ISSUES

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HTTPS://WWW.THOUGHTCO.COM/MUTUALLY-ASSURED-DESTRUCTION-1221190

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HISTORY AND ISSUES

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https://www.thoughtco.com/mutually-assured-

destruction-1221190

Source -

https://www.americanforeignrelations.com/A-D/The-

Domino-Theory-The-eisenhower-administration.html

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THE DOMINO THEORY The Domino Theory

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Superpower.docx

https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007%2F978-3-

PERSIAN GULF WAR

531-90703-1_7

The Persian Gulf War

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