Operations Security

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 1/9

11640.202110 - FALL 2020 - OPERATIONS SECURITY (ISOL-631-A03) - FIRST BI-TERM

Assignment 1 - APA Varsha Nerella on Sun, Aug 30 2020, 10:45 PM

100% highest match Submission ID: d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7

Attachments (1)

Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc Running Head: 1 ASSIGNMENT-1 APA 2

APA 2

1 ASSIGNMENT-1 APA

Varsha Nerella

1 ISOL631-A03 – OPERATIONS SECURITY

Dr. Ebenezer Mensah

(http://safeassign.blackboard.com/)

Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc Word Count: 440 Attachment ID: 3344163674

100%

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 2/9

1 UNIVERSITY OF THE CUMBERLANDS

MCNAMARA, A., SMITH, J., & MURPHY-HILL, E. (2018)

1 “DOES ACM’S CODE OF ETHICS CHANGE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT?” SUMMARY

SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS ARE CONSTANTLY MAKING ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS. THESE CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATE QUANTITY OF USER DATA TO GATHER, BALANCING POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WITH ADDED FUNCTIONALITY AND CARRYING OUT DUE DILIGENCE TO MINIMIZE THE RISK OF DANGEROUS SECURITY FAULTS (BRINKMAN, ET AL., 2016). THESE DECISIONS CAN LEAD TO CONSIDERABLE HARM TO THE PLANET, ORGANIZATIONS, AND THE PEOPLE. HENCE, MANY RESEARCH STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT MAN VARIABLES CAN IMPACT ETHICAL DECISION MAKING. LITTLE HAVE BEEN DONE TO ASSESS ETHICS WITHIN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OR COMPUTING. The ACM code have been used frequently as a guideline for making ethical decisions (Brinkman, et al., 2016). 1 HOWEVER, RESEARCHERS SUCH AS HARINGTON ESTABLISHED THAT CODES OF CONDUCT HAVE SLIGHT IMPACT PREVENTING THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FROM BEHAVING UNETHICALLY SUCH AS CRACKING COMPUTING SYSTEMS (MCNAMARA, SMITH, & MURPHY-HILL, 2018).

TO GET COMPELLING RESULTS, 105 PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERS AND 63 SOFTWARE ENGINEER STUDENTS WERE SUBJECTED TO EXPLORATORY PILOT INTERVIEWS CONCERNING ELEVEN SOFTWARE-RELATED ETHICAL DECISIONS. THE VARIANCE BETWEEN RESPONSES FOR 2 CONDITIONS WAS ANALYZED USING THE “KRUSKAL-WALLIS RANK SUM TEST”. THE FINDINGS INDICATED THAT THERE WAS NO STATISTICALLY CONSIDERABLE DIFFERENCE IN THE RESPONSE FOR EITHER PROFESSIONAL OR STUDENTS WHO DID NOT OR DID SEE THE CODES OF ETHICS. ALSO, THE FINDINGS SUGGESTED THAT 1 EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO IMPACT ETHICAL DECISIONS IN SOFT

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 3/9

WARE DEVELOPMENT IS TO ASSIST THE DEVELOPERS SEE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN EXAMPLES OF SIMILAR NEWS-WORTHY DECISIONS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR DECISIONS.

THE THREAT TO VALIDITY AROSE DUE TO THE STUDY SAMPLE SIZE WHICH LIMITED THE ABILITY TO DETECT SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES AND THE QUESTIONNAIRE WHICH MEASURED THE INTENTIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS RATHER THAN ACTUAL DECISIONS. HOWEVER, NO EVIDENCE WAS FOUND TO SUGGEST THAT THE ACM CODE IMPACTS ETHICAL DECISIONS AND HENCE A SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING SINCE THE CODE OF ETHICS HAVE NO PROMISING EVIDENCE IN INFLUENCING ETHICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MCNAMARA, SMITH, & MURPHY-HILL, 2018).

References

Brinkman, B., Gotterbarn, D., Miller, K., & Wolf, M. J. (2016). 2 MAKING A POSITIVE IMPACT: UPDATING THE ACM CODE OF ETHICS. COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, 59(12), 7-13.

1 MCNAMARA, A., SMITH, J., & MURPHY-HILL, E. (2018, October). 1 DOES ACM’S CODE OF ETHICS CHANGE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT? IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2018 26TH ACM JOINT MEETING ON EUROPEAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE AND SYMPOSIUM ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (PP. 729-733).

Citations (2/2) 1 Another student's paper

2 http://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/code-2018/

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 4/9

Matched Text

Suspected Entry: 83% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

ASSIGNMENT-1 APA 2

Source - Another student's paper Assignment-1 APA

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

ASSIGNMENT-1 APA

Source - Another student's paper Assignment-1 APA

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

ISOL631-A03 – OPERATIONS SECURITY

Source - Another student's paper ISOL631-A03 – Operations Security

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

UNIVERSITY OF THE CUMBERLANDS

Source - Another student's paper University of the Cumberlands

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

MCNAMARA, A., SMITH, J., & MURPHY-HILL, E

Source - Another student's paper McNamara, A., Smith, J., & Murphy-Hill, E

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 5/9

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

“DOES ACM’S CODE OF ETHICS CHANGE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT?” SUMMARY

Source - Another student's paper “Does ACM’s code of ethics change ethical decision making in software development?” Summary

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

SOFTWARE DEVELOPERS ARE CONSTANTLY MAKING ETHICAL CONSIDERATIONS

Source - Another student's paper Software developers are constantly making ethical considerations

Suspected Entry: 93% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

THESE CONSIDERATIONS INCLUDE DETERMINING THE APPROPRIATE QUANTITY OF USER DATA TO GATHER, BALANCING POTENTIAL ADVERSE ENVIRONMENTAL EFFECTS WITH ADDED FUNCTIONALITY AND CARRYING OUT DUE DILIGENCE TO MINIMIZE THE RISK OF DANGEROUS SECURITY FAULTS (BRINKMAN, ET AL., 2016)

Source - Another student's paper These considerations include determining the appropriate quantity of user data to gather, balancing potential adverse environmental effects with added functionality and carrying out due diligence to minimize the risk of dangerous security faults

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

THESE DECISIONS CAN LEAD TO CONSIDERABLE HARM TO THE PLANET, ORGANIZATIONS, AND THE PEOPLE

Source - Another student's paper These decisions can lead to considerable harm to the planet, organizations, and the people

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 6/9

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

HENCE, MANY RESEARCH STUDIES HAVE SUGGESTED THAT MAN VARIABLES CAN IMPACT ETHICAL DECISION MAKING

Source - Another student's paper Hence, many research studies have suggested that man variables can impact ethical decision making

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

LITTLE HAVE BEEN DONE TO ASSESS ETHICS WITHIN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY OR COMPUTING

Source - Another student's paper Little have been done to assess ethics within information technology or computing

Suspected Entry: 87% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

HOWEVER, RESEARCHERS SUCH AS HARINGTON ESTABLISHED THAT CODES OF CONDUCT HAVE SLIGHT IMPACT PREVENTING THE INFORMATION SYSTEMS FROM BEHAVING UNETHICALLY SUCH AS CRACKING COMPUTING SYSTEMS (MCNAMARA, SMITH, & MURPHY-HILL, 2018)

Source - Another student's paper Researchers such as Harington established that codes of conduct have slight impact preventing the information systems from behaving unethically such as cracking computing systems

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

TO GET COMPELLING RESULTS, 105 PROFESSIONAL SOFTWARE ENGINEERS AND 63 SOFTWARE ENGINEER STUDENTS WERE SUBJECTED TO EXPLORATORY PILOT INTERVIEWS CONCERNING ELEVEN SOFTWARE-RELATED ETHICAL DECISIONS

Source - Another student's paper To get compelling results, 105 professional software engineers and 63 software engineer students were subjected to exploratory pilot interviews concerning eleven software-related ethical decisions

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 7/9

Suspected Entry: 99% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

THE VARIANCE BETWEEN RESPONSES FOR 2 CONDITIONS WAS ANALYZED USING THE “KRUSKAL-WALLIS RANK SUM TEST”

Source - Another student's paper The variance between responses for 2 conditions was analyzed using the “Kruskal-Wallis Rank Sum Test”

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

THE FINDINGS INDICATED THAT THERE WAS NO STATISTICALLY CONSIDERABLE DIFFERENCE IN THE RESPONSE FOR EITHER PROFESSIONAL OR STUDENTS WHO DID NOT OR DID SEE THE CODES OF ETHICS

Source - Another student's paper The findings indicated that there was no statistically considerable difference in the response for either professional or students who did not or did see the codes of ethics

Suspected Entry: 91% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

ALSO, THE FINDINGS SUGGESTED THAT 1 EFFECTIVE APPROACH TO IMPACT ETHICAL DECISIONS IN SOFT WARE DEVELOPMENT IS TO ASSIST THE DEVELOPERS SEE THE CONNECTION BETWEEN EXAMPLES OF SIMILAR NEWS-WORTHY DECISIONS AND THE CONSEQUENCES OF THEIR DECISIONS

Source - Another student's paper Also, the findings suggested that 1 effective approach to impact ethical decisions in soft ware development is to assist the developers see the connection between examples of similar news-worthy decisions and the consequences of their decisions (McNamara, Smith, Murphy-Hill, 2018)

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc Source - Another student's paper

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 8/9

THE THREAT TO VALIDITY AROSE DUE TO THE STUDY SAMPLE SIZE WHICH LIMITED THE ABILITY TO DETECT SIGNIFICANT DIFFERENCES AND THE QUESTIONNAIRE WHICH MEASURED THE INTENTIONS OF THE PARTICIPANTS RATHER THAN ACTUAL DECISIONS

The threat to validity arose due to the study sample size which limited the ability to detect significant differences and the questionnaire which measured the intentions of the participants rather than actual decisions

Suspected Entry: 92% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

HOWEVER, NO EVIDENCE WAS FOUND TO SUGGEST THAT THE ACM CODE IMPACTS ETHICAL DECISIONS AND HENCE A SUGGESTION FOR FURTHER RESEARCH ON THE TECHNIQUES TO ENHANCE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING SINCE THE CODE OF ETHICS HAVE NO PROMISING EVIDENCE IN INFLUENCING ETHICS IN INFORMATION TECHNOLOGY (MCNAMARA, SMITH, & MURPHY- HILL, 2018)

Source - Another student's paper However, no evidence was found to suggest that the ACM code impacts ethical decisions and hence a suggestion for further research on the techniques to enhance ethical decision making since the code of ethics have no promising evidence in influencing ethics in information technology

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

MCNAMARA, A., SMITH, J., & MURPHY-HILL, E

Source - Another student's paper McNamara, A., Smith, J., & Murphy-Hill, E

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

DOES ACM’S CODE OF ETHICS CHANGE ETHICAL DECISION MAKING IN SOFTWARE DEVELOPMENT

Source - Another student's paper Does ACM’s code of ethics change ethical decision making in software development

Suspected Entry: 99% match

9/3/2020 SafeAssign Originality Report

https://ucumberlands.blackboard.com/webapps/mdb-sa-BB5a31b16bb2c48/originalityReportPrint?course_id=_134661_1&paperId=3344163674&&attemptId=d74f022c-200c-4555-b606-5631664870d7&course_id=_1346… 9/9

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

IN PROCEEDINGS OF THE 2018 26TH ACM JOINT MEETING ON EUROPEAN SOFTWARE ENGINEERING CONFERENCE AND SYMPOSIUM ON THE FOUNDATIONS OF SOFTWARE ENGINEERING (PP

Source - Another student's paper In Proceedings of the 2018 26th ACM Joint Meeting on European Software Engineering Conference and Symposium on the Foundations of Software Engineering (pp

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

MAKING A POSITIVE IMPACT

Source - http://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/code-2018/ Making a positive impact

Suspected Entry: 100% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

UPDATING THE ACM CODE OF ETHICS

Source - http://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/code-2018/ updating the ACM code of ethics

Suspected Entry: 77% match

Uploaded - Nerella_Week1_Assignment1.doc

COMMUNICATIONS OF THE ACM, 59(12), 7-13

Source - http://ethics.acm.org/code-of-ethics/code-2018/ ACM 59, 12 (December 2016), 7-13