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Engineering Requirements Document (ERD)
SMRIOT
Norman
10/30/2021
1. Product Definition
1.1. Summary
The SMRIOT is a system that calculates the user’s electricity consumption and broadcasts it to the users and company’s desktop applications. The SMRIOT is of value because there is no longer need for the Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water to send employees to do the monthly bill calculation of the electricity consumption from the electricity meter and also the house/apartment owner can see his/her electricity consumption through the desktop application.
1.2. Identification
Smart Electricity Meter and Reader + IOT which will be referred to as SMRIOT in this document.
1.3. Users
The primary user for my product is the Kuwait Ministry of Electricity and Water.
1.4. Interfaces
The only user interface for this product is through the desktop application where the user would see his power consumption broken into Hourly, Daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly charts. The company’s interface on the other hand would have all that plus they can disconnect the electricity if the user hasn’t paid the electricity bill. For the system on the other hand, the voltage and current sensor would go into an ADC to convert the analog value to digital then into the micro controller to obtain the voltage and current RMS, and the voltage and current sensors would also go into a voltage comparator, one for voltage and another for current and then into the micro controller to obtain the phase shift to obtain the power factor and calculate the power consumption.
1.5. User Requirements
The house/apartment owner that is using the product does not need any training at all but the company’s employee that needs to do the installation needs to undergo training to make sure that the installation is done correctly without anyone getting hurt because it is illegal for anyone to install the meter according to smart energy consumer collaborative. For the training required its either the employee has an associate degree in electrical repair or a degree that’s similar or that he undergoes on the job training according to ZipRecruiter.
1.6. Customer Needs
1) Reduce employees that do the electricity meter reading
a) The main customer need for this project is reducing the number of employees who carry out the process to taking the readings from the electricity meters and thus saving a large part of the company’s money by creating the IoT feature that the SMRIOT offers
2) Better broadcasting of the power consumption
a) The ability to see hourly, daily, monthly, and yearly consumption
3) Reduce human dependency
a) The SMRIOT would not need annual maintenance because if anything happens a notification would be sent to the company instead of the employees doing annual checkups which would reduce the human dependency
4) Reduce human error
5) Smart solution
a) It is a smart solution because it uses IoT (Internet of Things) to send calculated consumption and save it in a database and broadcast it to both the company and the customer.
6) Better quality of life
a) The SMRIOT is a better quality of life for both the customer and the company since they can see everything happening instantaneously without the employees needing to visit the location of the meter to see the consumption
2. Project Definition
2.1. Summary
The provided features and functionality that this project provides are as follows, the house/ apartment owners and company have access to charts of hourly, daily, weekly, monthly, and yearly electricity consumption through the desktop application, the company also has access to cut off the electricity if the payment wasn’t paid either by using the desktop application that’s designed for the company or by using the smart electricity reader which is also designed for the company .
2.2. Constraints and Limitations
The only constraint for this project is that not anyone can do the installation of the smart electricity meter system which requires training to install. The only Limitation for this project is the voltage. I won’t be using mains voltage but instead would be using a step-down transformer to lower the voltage to 12v for safety measures.
2.3. Assumptions and Dependencies
The dependencies for this project is that the house must be connected to the electrical grid and that the micro-controller must be connected to WIFI.
2.4. Architecture
For the Smart meter section, the current and voltage sensors go into the calculation block and from there the current and voltage sensors would break into two sections, the first would go into a voltage comparator and the second into an ADC. The voltage comparator is used to find the zero crossing to get the phase difference between the voltage and current to find the power factor and the voltage and current that are going into the ADC then into the raspberry pi are getting the voltage and current RMS to calculate the power consumption. The LCD displays the users power consumption and if the monthly bill hasn’t been paid the company can cut off the electricity using the relay. From there the data is sent and stored into a database and then displayed to the customers and company’s desktop application. For the smart reader section, the employee can enter the house/apartment code so that the smart meter sends the meter readings that gets displayed in the LCD and he can also cut off the electricity if the bill hasn’t been paid using the keypad.
Fig 1. SMRIOT block diagram
2.5. Design Alternatives
The two other design alternatives that was considered for this project is the prepaid electricity meter system and the electricity meter and reader system.
The first design alternative was the prepayment meter which is a meter design that will lay mainly on a prepaid smart card which can be seen in figure 2. The design forces the user to recharge the card to use the electricity. The design is made up of a micro-controller two sensors–Voltage sensor and current sensor, to calculate the electricity consumption, a relay to cut off the electricity if the credit of the prepaid smart card has reached the limit set by the company, an LCD screen to display the volt, current, calculated watts and the credit left, a smart card unit to insert the smart card and an indicator/buzzer that will alarm the house/apartment owner and notify him for low credit.
Fig 2. Prepayment meter block diagram
The second design alternative was the smart electricity meter and reader. This design consists of two parts as seen in figure 3, the master device (or smart reader device) at the company that the employee picks up before leaving and the slave device (or smart meter device) which would be installed in every house/apartment. The meter device will measure the consumption design using voltage and current sensors and display the consumption, consumption segment, and the cost of the consumption on an LCD. The reader device will take the readings that is calculated by the meter. The company employee would drive to the house/apartment location and without leaving the car he would input the house/apartment code and then if a valid code has been entered the meter would send the meter readings, and if the bill wasn’t paid the employee would send a command using the master device(reader) to the slave device(meter) to cut off the electricity using the cut off relay. The smart meter also has a led indicator for electricity state either connected or not. While the master deceive has a simple lcd with simple keypad to give access to the employee to reach a specific home by entering the code number of the house/apartment.
Fig 3. Smart meter and reader block diagram
The Prepayment meter also known as ‘pay as you go’ and the smart meter and reader met most but not all the customer needs and specification. The SMRIOT was the design that was selected because it met all the customer needs that was set and also met the specifications that was required of this project. The main specification that was set for the project was that the meter would upload the consumption data to a database where the selected design is the only design that does so.
2.6. Specifications
|
Metric Number |
Need Number |
Metric |
Units |
Marginal Value |
Ideal Value |
|
1 |
1 |
Display data rate |
Hour |
1 |
1 |
|
2 |
1 |
Frequency |
Hz |
50/60 |
50/60 |
|
3 |
1 |
Rated voltage (Proto-Type) |
V |
12-50 |
12-50 |
|
4 |
1 |
System accuracy |
% |
+/- 1 |
+/- 1 |
|
5 |
1 |
Rated current (Proto-Type) |
A |
1-5 |
1-5 |
|
6 |
1 |
Uploads data to database |
Y/N |
Y |
Y |
|
7 |
1 |
Rated Voltage |
V |
110/220 |
110/220 |
|
8 |
1 |
Display data rate (Proto-Type) |
s |
1 |
1 |
2.7. Project Schedule -> not due yet
Break down the major steps with estimated times for completion, through EECE 490B. A graphical representation (Gantt chart, table, or similar) often provides clearest information.
2.8. Prototype Costs -> not due yet
3. External Impacts
Describe the 3-4 most prominent external impacts for your project.
3.1. Economic: Smart meter broadcasts the user consumption therefore the house/apartment owner can monitor his electricity consumption and can see if his consumption is high and lower it to save money and the smart meter saves the company money since they don’t need all the employees that use to do the electricity reading through the old electromechanical electricity meter.
3.2. Environmental: Smart meters make it easier to integrate renewable energy sources into the smart grid. Secondly, utilities (i.e., system operators) may utilize the data supplied by smart meters to assist in controlling peak periods, reduce congestion, identify overloads, and encourage more efficient use of power sources, all of which are environmentally benign. It is also considered a vital component in fighting climate change.
3.3. Ethical: The ethical benefits are that the electricity company uses the user data for the forecasting and hence better service to the customer and will not use it or sell it in any advertisement action.
4. References and Standards -> IEEE FORMAT
[1] "IEEE Standard for Information technology-- Telecommunications and information exchange between systemsLocal and metropolitan area networks-- Specific requirements--Part 11: Wireless LAN Medium Access Control (MAC) and Physical Layer (PHY) Specifications--Amendment 4: Enhancements for Very High Throughput for Operation in Bands below 6 GHz.," in IEEE P802.11ac/D5.0, January 2013 , vol., no., pp.1-440, 18 Dec. 2013.
[2] Semiconductors, Philips. "The I2C-bus specification." Philips Semiconductors 9397.750 (2000): 00954.
[3] "IEEE Standard for High Accuracy Instrument Transformers," in IEEE Std C57.13.6-2005 , vol., no., pp.1-8, 9 Dec. 2005, doi: 10.1109/IEEESTD.2005.97975.
[4] S. G. Briceño-Muro, R. Chaparro-Sánchez and J. A. Romero-Gonzalez, "Digital Analog Conversion with SPI Protocol for Gas Sensors," 2018 7th International Conference On Software Process Improvement (CIMPS), 2018, pp. 131-138, doi: 10.1109/CIMPS.2018.8625626.
[5] S. Narayan, C. Jayawardena, J. Wang, W. Ma and G. Geetu, "Performance test of IEEE 802.11ac wireless devices," 2015 International Conference on Computer Communication and Informatics (ICCCI), 2015, pp. 1-6, doi: 10.1109/ICCCI.2015.7218076.
[6] Smart energy consumer collaborative https://www.whatissmartenergy.org/faqs/can-i-purchase-and-install-or-remove-my-own-meter
[7] ZipRecruiter https://www.ziprecruiter.com/e/How-to-Become-a-Meter-Technician
5. Glossary
|
Term or Acronym |
Meaning in This Context |
|
SMRIOT |
Smart electricity meter and reader + IoT |
|
V |
volts |
|
A |
amperes |
|
Hz |
Hertz |
|
S |
Seconds |
|
% |
percent |
