The Romantic Period

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Music of the Romantic Period

1820 - 1900

Characteristics of Romantic Period

  • Puts emphasis on self-expression and individuality of style
  • Created music that reflects the composer’s personality
  • Explored a universe of feeling that included flamboyance and intimacy, unpredictability and melancholy, rapture and longing.
  • Romantic composers increased the power of the brass section calling for trombones, tubas, more horns and trumpets. Flute were required to play in the low register. Violins were asked to strike the strings with the wood of their bows. The piccolo and contrabassoon was added as well as the expanded keyboard of the piano.

More Characteristics of the Romantic

  • Musical nationalism was expressed when romantic composer created music with a specific national identity.
  • Program music is instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene.
  • One of the most distinctive forms in romantic music was the art song, a composition for solo voice and piano.

Franz Schubert (1797-1828)

The Schumanns

Robert Schumann (1810-1856)

  • Embodied musical romantism
  • Composed mainly for piano
  • Fantasiestucke for Piano

(Fantasy Pieces for Piano)

Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896)

Frederic Chopin
(1810-1849)

Franz Liszt (1811-1886)

  • Music is controversial
  • Some consider it vulgar and bombastic; others say its extroverted romantic rhetoric
  • The creator of the symphonic poem or tone poem – a one movement orchestral composition based on literacy or pictorial ideas
  • Transcendental Etude No. 10 in F Minor
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3ByIdSA-Ic

Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)

Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)

Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)

  • Leading composer of Czech national music
  • Infused his symphonies and chamber music with the spirit of Bohemian folksong and dance
  • Encouraged American composers to write nationalistic music
  • Symphony No. 9 in E Minor (From the New World)
  • https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taCYw89gjeE

Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)

Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)

Georges Bizet (1838-1875)

Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)

Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)

Richard Wagner (1813-1883)