The Romantic Period
Music of the Romantic Period
1820 - 1900
Characteristics of Romantic Period
- Puts emphasis on self-expression and individuality of style
- Created music that reflects the composer’s personality
- Explored a universe of feeling that included flamboyance and intimacy, unpredictability and melancholy, rapture and longing.
- Romantic composers increased the power of the brass section calling for trombones, tubas, more horns and trumpets. Flute were required to play in the low register. Violins were asked to strike the strings with the wood of their bows. The piccolo and contrabassoon was added as well as the expanded keyboard of the piano.
More Characteristics of the Romantic
- Musical nationalism was expressed when romantic composer created music with a specific national identity.
- Program music is instrumental music associated with a story, poem, idea, or scene.
- One of the most distinctive forms in romantic music was the art song, a composition for solo voice and piano.
Franz Schubert (1797-1828)
- The earliest master of the romantic art song.
- Composed more than 600 art songs.
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=JS91p-vmSf0
- Erlkonig (The Erlking; 1815)
The Schumanns
Robert Schumann (1810-1856)
- Embodied musical romantism
- Composed mainly for piano
- Fantasiestucke for Piano
(Fantasy Pieces for Piano)
Clara Wieck Schumann (1819-1896)
- Er ist gekommen in Sturm und Regen (He has come in Storm and Rain)
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=tlKhBpsfkOM
Frederic Chopin
(1810-1849)
- The only great composer who wrote almost exclusively for the piano
- No composer has made the piano the piano sound as beautiful as Chopin
- Nocturne in E Flat Major – A nocturne, or night piece
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=YGRO05WcNDk
- Etude in C Minor- An etude is a study piece designed to help a performer master specific
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=s2-t4RsT_l8
Franz Liszt (1811-1886)
- Music is controversial
- Some consider it vulgar and bombastic; others say its extroverted romantic rhetoric
- The creator of the symphonic poem or tone poem – a one movement orchestral composition based on literacy or pictorial ideas
- Transcendental Etude No. 10 in F Minor
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=e3ByIdSA-Ic
Felix Mendelssohn (1809-1847)
- Wrote an enormous amount of music in all the forms of his day except opera
- Concerto for Violin and Orchestra in E Minor
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=nX7sFojuYMY
- Wedding March
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=l7_m1om82o4
Hector Berlioz (1803-1869)
- One of the first French Romantic composers
- Music sounds unique
- Symphonie fantastique (Fantastic Symphony) Fourth Movement: March to the Scaffold
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=QwCuFaq2L3U
- Symphonie fantastique (Fantastic Symphony) Fifth Movement: Dream of a Witches’ Sabbath
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Q9cAyvjL9Z8
Antonin Dvorak (1841-1904)
- Leading composer of Czech national music
- Infused his symphonies and chamber music with the spirit of Bohemian folksong and dance
- Encouraged American composers to write nationalistic music
- Symphony No. 9 in E Minor (From the New World)
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=taCYw89gjeE
Peter Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840-1893)
Johannes Brahms (1833-1897)
- Symphony No. 3 in F Major
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=1trE3ms3AGo
Georges Bizet (1838-1875)
- Is the composer of Carmen
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=OiHsWXRB5OA
Giuseppe Verdi (1813-1901)
- The most popular of all opera composers
- Composed not for the musical elite, but for a mass public whose main entertainment was opera
- Rigoletto
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TWRw5wjDn50
Giacomo Puccini (1858-1924)
- Created some of the best-loved operas
- La Boheme
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kQ9OWfMd6nE
Richard Wagner (1813-1883)
- He influenced all the arts (musicians, poets, painters, etc.)
- Die Walkure (The Valkyrie)
- https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=jBswYrsH5_s