Independent Design Project-Final paper

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Running head: ROBOTS TO REPLACE CAREGIVERS 1

ROBOTS TO REPLACE CAREGIVERS 4

Robotics and Control

Student

ASCI 531-Robotics and Control

Embry-Riddle Aeronautical University-Worldwide

Nov 21, 2019

Literature Review

Social assistive robots do communicate and interact with elderly people (Espingardeiro, 2017). How do they do this? They are programmed with human robotics interaction. The robots are believed to give support and aid that a human requires. These types of robots are designed for ensuring that they assist and deliver care to the elderly (Espingardeiro, A. 2017). Caregivers' work increases each day as the elderly population also increases. It's a big hit to caregivers but having SARs delivering supervision equipped with the sensory systems, entertaining and giving cognitive assistance, the work is done. This research paper will discuss robotic sensory, how they interact and their processing nature to offer adequate assistance to elderly patients.

Human beings are equipped with only five senses. Well, this is good, but why do they have shortcomings when it comes to first-hand experiences and abilities to sense? Robots have sensors too, which allows a robot's arm to recover and get information from their surroundings. Through how robots are programmed, storing, processing and analyzing human profiles is easier since they can keep high volumes (Riek, 2017). Processors are installed in a robot that can handle and processed data information. A robot just like humans has to reason, carry out a particular duty on their own. An example of a sensor installed in a robot is the proximity sensor that senses what is within the environment of the robot even without direct contact. For example, with the use of tactile sensors, a robot can pick up food and feed it to an elderly person. The tactile sensor is very sensitive to touching and picking up an object. The robot machine can feel the texture of something by touching it, thus it is clear evidence that it can't just feed anything to the patient.

Most robots are equipped with seven sensors to keep them running. An acceleration sensor, is used to know how long and what angle the robot's arm should stretch and tilt. This sensor is actually of use because it is annoying for a sited elderly patient waiting to be fed yet the food isn't reaching his or her mouth or is moving to another angle. Also, robots are machines and without this sensor, it can end up hurting an individual.

Imagine a person (caregiver) seating all day to attend to one patient while others are waiting or a caregiver who is assigned with a lot of work that she or he has no time to rest. This can be tiresome. Robots have the controller which works like the brain. The controller just like the mind of a human enables other parts within a robot to well coordinate and carry out a function (Wang et al 2017). So, imagine having a robot made a machine that is teleoperated to check if the assigned elderly patient is taking the medications at the right time, monitoring how the elderly patient is feeling then giving some feedback to the doctor to converse with the patient. This is good, helpful, and minimizes the work-load needed to be done by the caregiver.

Other sensors include temperature sensors which allow sensing of the temperature within specific times and areas. It can be cold enough and the robot will have to attend to the elderly patient (Wang et al 2017). Some actions from the robot can help out after sensing out the ambient temperature in the room, it can cover up the patient with a sheet or even close the windows that were open using the robotic arms.

References

Espingardeiro, A. (2017). Robotics and Elderly Care: Delivery of Quality Care through Automation and Data | Robotics Tomorrow. Retrieved from https://www.roboticstomorrow.com/article/2017/03/robotics-and-elderly-care-delivery- of-quality-care-through-automation-and-data/9750

Riek, L. D. (2017). Healthcare robotics. arXiv preprint arXiv:1704.03931. Retrieved from https://arxiv.org/abs/1704.03931

Wang, R. H., Sudhama, A., Begum, M., Huq, R., & Mihailidis, A. (2017). Robots to assist daily activities: views of older adults with Alzheimer's disease and their caregivers. International psychogeriatrics, 29(1), 67-79. Retrieved from https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/international-psychogeriatrics/article/robots-to-assist-daily-activities-views-of-older-adults-with-alzheimers-disease-and-their-caregivers/6DE337F59B251E8E2BE788BD6461250E

Research Log #6

Vera, F. G. D., & Franklyn, G. (2016). Modeling and Sliding-mode Control of Flexible-link Robotic Structures for Vibration Suppression. Technische Universität Clausthal. https://dokumente.ub.tu-clausthal.de/servlets/MCRFileNodeServlet/clausthal_derivate_00000188/Db112913.pdf

This is an article by Franklyn Gerardo Duarte Vera, and Gerardo Franklyn. They detail how the use of lean and light constructions has amplified since there is an increased demand for more energetic and efficient structures. The article focused on the objectives of the projects which include the generation of flexible-link structures, girder beam one elastic link robot as well as two bendable link automatons.

Tatara, R., Ebisu, K., Nomaguchi, N., Kawamura, A., Kurazume, R., & Kawamura, S. (2019, January). Inflatable Robotic Arm with Overlaid Plastic Sheet Structure. In 2019 IEEE/SICE International Symposium on System Integration (SII) (pp. 689-694). IEEE. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/8700329/

The authors and the researchers of this article focus on an inflatable structure. It is a field of soft robots that owe features such as flexible, lightweight and compatibility. The article recommends a novel expandable robotic arm that could be constructed with poly-laminated panes as well as low-density polyethylene panes. The author indicates that they would have high control performance and could grasp flexibility according to the shapes of the objects.

González, A., & Luo, A. (2019, June). Design and Control of a Tensegrity-Based Robotic Joint. In IFToMM World Congress on Mechanism and Machine Science (pp. 2631-2640). Springer, Cham. https://link.springer.com/chapter/10.1007/978-3-030-20131-9_260

The author of this article focuses on Tensegrity structures. These structures as recognized as a new trend in the soft robotics field in the article. The article illustrates the robotic joint according to a two-stage tensegrity structure. The article indicated how the structure can bend 20° yet maintain the equilibrium. It is an indication that the structures can be used in positioning through three dimensions.

Niyetkaliyev, A. S., Hussain, S., Ghayesh, M. H., & Alici, G. (2017). Review on design and control aspects of robotic shoulder rehabilitation orthoses. IEEE Transactions on Human-Machine Systems, 47(6), 1134-1145. https://ieeexplore.ieee.org/abstract/document/7932920/

This article is on the use of robotic structure to administer therapy. They are used to administer therapy to patients with upper limb weakness. They have advantages such as prolonged, customized intensive and repetitive training for the patients with the illness. The paper illustrates the use of the structures on shoulder orthoses.

Case, J. C., White, E. L., & Kramer, R. K. (2016). Sensor enabled closed-loop bending control of soft beams. Smart Materials and Structures, 25(4), 045018. https://iopscience.iop.org/article/10.1088/0964-1726/25/4/045018/pdf

The author demonstrates the sealed loop regulation of three elastomer grins that differ in winding rigidity. According to the article, the laxer elastomer in the joint segment is responsible for the increased flexibility. The author recognizes that controlling soft-bodied systems is perplexing. The article illustrates how control of the systems is achieved through a proportional integral derivative control algorithm.

References