RMRP#7
CBUNN
RM4.docx2
2
Data Analysis
Data Analysis: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Correlation: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
|
PM Size |
Frequency |
|
0-1 |
8 |
|
2-4 |
24 |
|
5-7 |
37 |
|
8-10 |
34 |
|
Sick Days |
Frequency |
|
0-2 |
1 |
|
4-7 |
61 |
|
8-9 |
30 |
|
10-12 |
11 |
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Microns
|
Mean |
5.6573 |
|
Standard Error |
0.2556 |
|
Median |
6 |
|
Mode |
8 |
|
Standard deviation |
2.5941 |
|
Sample variance |
6.729 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.8522 |
|
Skewness |
0.3733 |
|
Range |
9.8 |
|
Minimum |
0.2 |
|
Maximum |
10 |
|
Sum |
582.7 |
|
Count |
103 |
|
Largest |
10 |
|
Smallest |
0.2 |
|
Confidence |
0.507 |
|
Level |
7 |
Sick Days
|
Mean |
7.126 |
|
Standard Error |
0.1865 |
|
Median |
7 |
|
Mode |
7 |
|
Standard deviation |
1.8923 |
|
Sample variance |
3.582 |
|
Kurtosis |
0.1249 |
|
Skewness |
0.1422 |
|
Range |
10 |
|
Minimum |
2 |
|
Maximum |
12 |
|
Sum |
734 |
|
Count |
103 |
|
Largest |
112 |
|
Smallest |
2 |
|
Confidence |
|
|
Level |
0.3699 |
Therefore, the used hypothesis include;
Ho; The sample data are not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; Sample data are not significantly different from the average population depicted.
Kurtosis depicts -0.8522, and skewness of 0.373 is close to zero and lies within the range of -2 to 2. This indicates that the data is symmetrical, as confirmed by the mean and median.
The null hypothesis is accepted.
Measurement Scale
The measurement scale is ordinal.
The measure of Central Tendency
The measure of central tendency is determined through the mean. The normal distribution means that the data graph gives the shape of a bell curve.
Skewness and Kurtosis
Kurtosis depicts -0.8522, and skewness of 0.373 is close to zero and lies within the range of -2 to 2.
Evaluation The normal distribution means that the data graph gives the shape of a bell curve. Kurtosis depicts -0.8522, and skewness of 0.373 is close to zero and lies within the range of -2 to 2.
Simple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
|
Expenditure |
Frequency |
|
20-500 |
108 |
|
501-1000 |
76 |
|
1001-1500 |
27 |
|
1501-2000 |
11 |
|
2001-2500 |
1 |
|
Time |
Frequency |
|
0-50 |
6 |
|
51-100 |
26 |
|
101-200 |
98 |
|
201-300 |
85 |
|
301-00 |
8 |
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Safety Training Expenditure
|
Mean |
595.98 |
|
Standard Error |
31.477 |
|
Median |
507.78 |
|
Mode |
234 |
|
Standard Deviation |
470.0552 |
|
Sample variance |
220948.9 |
|
Kurtosis |
0.444 |
|
Skewness |
0.951 |
|
Range |
2251.4 |
|
Minimum |
20.6 |
|
Maximum |
2271.86 |
|
Sum |
132904.5 |
|
Count |
223 |
|
Largest |
2271.86 |
|
Smallest |
20.456 |
|
Confidence |
62.03 |
Lost Time Hours
|
Mean |
188 |
|
Standard Error |
4.8031 |
|
Median |
190 |
|
Mode |
190 |
|
Standard Deviation |
71.73 |
|
Sample variance |
5144.54 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.5012 |
|
Skewness |
-0.082 |
|
Range |
350 |
|
Minimum |
10 |
|
Maximum |
360 |
|
Sum |
41925 |
|
Count |
223 |
|
Largest |
360 |
|
Smallest |
10 |
|
Confidence |
9.465 |
The hypothesis utilized in this include;
Ho; The sample data used are not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; The sample data is not significantly different from the average population.
The Kurtosis and Skewness are close to zero within the -2 and 2 ranges provided. This suggests the data is symmetrical. This is not confirmed by the mean and median.
Therefore, the null hypothesis is rejected.
Measurement Scale
Nominal
The measure of Central Tendency
Median
Skewness and Kurtosis
kurtosis is close to zero.
Evaluation
The distributed mean indicates that the curve is bell-shaped and such data is symmetric around its standard, and its Kurtosis is close to zero.
Multiple Regression: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
|
Decibel |
Frequency |
|
100-106 |
4 |
|
107-111 |
51 |
|
112-116 |
126 |
|
117-121 |
49 |
|
122-131 |
786 |
|
132-141 |
287 |
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Decibels
|
Mean |
124.84 |
|
Standard Error |
0.1779 |
|
Median |
125.7 |
|
Mode |
127.32 |
|
Standard Deviation |
6.89 |
|
Sample variance |
47.589 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.31 |
|
Skewness |
-0.41 |
|
Range |
37.61 |
|
Minimum |
103.4 |
|
Maximum |
140.9 |
|
Sum |
187628.4 |
|
Count |
1503 |
The hypothesis used include;
Ho; The sample data is not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; The sample data are significantly different from the average population.
The Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the range of -2 to 2, indicating the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.
The null hypothesis is accepted.
Measurement Scale
Internal
The measure of Central Tendency
Mean
Skewness and Kurtosis
The Kurtosis is equal to Zero
Evaluation
The distribution illustrates that the data provides a bell-shaped curve and suggests the data is symmetrical. The Kurtosis is equal to Zero.
Independent Samples t-Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
Training t-Test
|
Training |
Frequency |
|
49-60 |
12 |
|
61-70 |
20 |
|
71-80 |
21 |
|
81-90 |
8 |
|
91-100 |
1 |
Training
|
Training |
Frequency |
|
74-80 |
14 |
|
81-85 |
21 |
|
86-90 |
19 |
|
91-95 |
6 |
|
96-100 |
2 |
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Prior Training
|
Mean |
69.79 |
|
Standard Error |
1.403 |
|
Median |
70 |
|
Mode |
80 |
|
Standard Deviation |
11.05 |
|
Sample variance |
122 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.777 |
|
Skewness |
-0.086 |
|
Range |
41 |
|
Minimum |
50 |
|
Maximum |
91 |
|
Sum |
4327 |
|
Count |
62 |
|
Largest |
91 |
|
Smallest |
50 |
|
Confidence |
2.81 |
Revised Training
|
Mean |
84.77 |
|
Standard Error |
0.659 |
|
Median |
85 |
|
Mode |
85 |
|
Standard Deviation |
5.1927 |
|
Sample variance |
26.96 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.352 |
|
Skewness |
0.144 |
|
Range |
22 |
|
Minimum |
75 |
|
Maximum |
97 |
|
Sum |
5256 |
|
Count |
62 |
|
Largest |
97 |
|
Smallest |
75 |
|
Confidence |
1.319 |
The hypothesis used include;
Ho; The sample data is not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; The sample data are significantly different from the average population.
Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the -2 to 2 range, indicating that the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.
The null hypothesis is accepted.
Measurement Scale
Internal
The measure of Central Tendency
Mean
Skewness and Kurtosis
Kurtosis is equal to zero.
Evaluation
The distribution means the graph data is bell-curved, which is symmetrical around.
Dependent Samples (Paired-Samples) t-Test: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
Sample Data 2
|
Exposure |
Frequency |
|
05-015 |
5 |
|
16-25 |
8 |
|
26-35 |
12 |
|
36-45 |
16 |
|
46-56 |
8 |
Paired Sample Data
|
Exposure |
Frequency |
|
05-015 |
5 |
|
16-25 |
8 |
|
26-35 |
11 |
|
36-45 |
17 |
|
46-56 |
8 |
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Pre-Exposure
|
Mean |
32.86 |
|
Standard Error |
1.75 |
|
Median |
35 |
|
Mode |
36 |
|
Standard Deviation |
12.27 |
|
Sample variance |
150.46 |
|
Kurtosis |
0.576 |
|
Skewness |
0.25 |
|
Range |
50 |
|
Minimum |
6 |
|
Maximum |
56 |
|
Sum |
1610 |
|
Count |
49 |
|
Largest |
56 |
|
Smallest |
6 |
|
Confidence |
3.52 |
Post-Exposure
|
Mean |
33.29 |
|
Standard Error |
5.78 |
|
Median |
36 |
|
Mode |
38 |
|
Standard Deviation |
12.47 |
|
Sample variance |
155.5 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.65 |
|
Skewness |
-0.48 |
|
Range |
50 |
|
Minimum |
6 |
|
Maximum |
56 |
|
Sum |
1631 |
|
Count |
49 |
|
Largest |
56 |
|
Smallest |
6 |
|
Confidence |
3.58 |
The hypothesis used include;
Ho; The sample data are not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; The sample data used is significantly different from the average population.
Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the -2 to 2 range, indicating that the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.
The null hypothesis is accepted.
Measurement Scale
Internal
The measure of Central Tendency
Mean
Skewness and Kurtosis
Kurtosis is equal to zero.
Evaluation
The distribution means the graph data is bell-curved, which is symmetrical around.
ANOVA: Descriptive Statistics and Assumption Testing
Frequency Distribution Table
|
Air |
Frequency |
|
1.0-3.0 |
1 |
|
4.0-6.0 |
4 |
|
7.0-9.0 |
6 |
|
10.0-12.0 |
7 |
|
12.0-15.0 |
2 |
|
Water |
Frequency |
|
1.0-3.0 |
1 |
|
4.0-6.0 |
10 |
|
7.0-9.0 |
5 |
|
10.0-12.0 |
4 |
|
Soil |
Frequency |
|
5.0-7.0 |
3 |
|
8.0-10.0 |
13 |
|
10.0-13.0 |
4 |
|
Training |
Frequency |
|
1.0-3.0 |
1 |
|
4.0-6.0 |
16 |
|
7.0-9.0 |
3 |
Histogram
Descriptive Statistics Table
Air
|
Mean |
8.9 |
|
Standard Error |
0.68 |
|
Median |
9 |
|
Mode |
11 |
|
Standard Deviation |
3.06 |
|
Sample variance |
9.36 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.6 |
|
Skewness |
-0.36 |
|
Range |
11 |
|
Minimum |
3 |
|
Maximum |
14 |
|
Sum |
178 |
|
Count |
20 |
|
Largest |
14 |
|
Smallest |
3 |
|
Confidence |
1.4 |
Soil
|
Mean |
9.1 |
|
Standard Error |
0.39 |
|
Median |
9 |
|
Mode |
8 |
|
Standard Deviation |
1.74 |
|
Sample variance |
3.04 |
|
Kurtosis |
0.12 |
|
Skewness |
0.49 |
|
Range |
7 |
|
Minimum |
6 |
|
Maximum |
13 |
|
Sum |
182 |
|
Count |
20 |
|
Largest |
13 |
|
Smallest |
6 |
|
Confidence |
0.82 |
Water
|
Mean |
7 |
|
Standard Error |
0.58 |
|
Median |
6 |
|
Mode |
6 |
|
Standard Deviation |
2.56 |
|
Sample variance |
6.6 |
|
Kurtosis |
-0.24 |
|
Skewness |
0.76 |
|
Range |
9 |
|
Minimum |
3 |
|
Maximum |
12 |
|
Sum |
140 |
|
Count |
20 |
|
Largest |
12 |
|
Smallest |
3 |
|
Confidence |
1.21 |
Training
|
Mean |
5.4 |
|
Standard Error |
0.27 |
|
Median |
5 |
|
Mode |
5 |
|
Standard Deviation |
1.19 |
|
Sample variance |
1.41 |
|
Kurtosis |
0.25 |
|
Skewness |
0.16 |
|
Range |
5 |
|
Minimum |
3 |
|
Maximum |
8 |
|
Sum |
108 |
|
Count |
20 |
|
Largest |
8 |
|
Smallest |
3 |
|
Confidence |
0.56 |
The hypothesis used include;
Ho; The sample data are not significantly different from the average population.
Ha; The sample data used is significantly different from the average population.
Kurtosis and skewness are close to zero and within the -2 to 2 range, indicating that the data is symmetrical as confirmed by the mean and the median.
The null hypothesis is accepted.
Measurement Scale
Ratio
The measure of Central Tendency
Mean
Skewness and Kurtosis
Kurtosis is equal to zero.
Evaluation
The distribution means the graph data is bell-curved, which is symmetrical around.
References
Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approach (5th ed.). SAGE.
Sound Level
Frequency 100-106 107-111 112-116 117-121 122-131 132-141 4 51 126 49 786 287
Traininig t-Test
Frequency 49-60 61-70 71-80 81-90 91-100 12 20 21 8 1
Training
Frequency 74-80 81-85 86-90 91-95 96-100 14 21 19 6 2
Sample Data 2
Frequency 05-015 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-56 5 8 12 16 8
Paired Sample Data
Frequency 05-015 16-25 26-35 36-45 46-56 5 8 11 17 8
Air
Frequency 1.0-3.0 4.0-6.0 7.0-9.0 10.0-12.0 12.0-15.0 1 4 6 7 2
Water
Frequency 1.0-3.0 4.0-6.0 7.0-9.0 10.0-12.0 1 10 5 4
Soil
Frequency 5.0-7.0 8.0-10.0 10.0-13.0 3 13 4
Training
Frequency 1.0-3.0 4.0-6.0 7.0-9.0 1 16 3
Histogram for Correlation
Frequency 0 to 1 2 to 4 5 to 7 8 to 10 8 24 37 34
Annual Sick Days
Frequency 0 to 2 4 to 7 8 to 9 10 to 12 1 61 30 11
Training Expenditure
Frequency 20-500 501-1000 1001-1500 1501-2000 2001-2500 108 76 27 11 1
Lost Time Hours
Frequency 0-50 51-100 101-200 201-300 301-00 6 26 98 85 8
