Short essay questions and Jigsaw Religion and politics part ii

Draft Community Health Assessment

Jackson County

2013

George Adams Don Bruland Larry Gershowitz Diane Hoover Sandi Larsen Laura McKeane Meadow Martell Rich Rohde Ed Smith-Burns Caryn Wheeler Cynthia Ackerman Shannon Cronin Bevin Hansell Heidi Hill Jennifer Lind Maggie Rollins Belle Shepherd Kari Swoboda

Acknowledgements

Primary Consultant, Technical Writer

Vanessa A Becker, M.P.H., Principal. V Consulting & Associates Inc.

www.vconsults.com

A special thanks to:

Introduction The purpose of the Community Health Assessment (CHA) is to provide a macro view of community health issues in Josephine and Jackson Counties. It completes this by cataloging and reviewing applicable data related to the health of the community at a county level. The process of the CHA is as important and vital to the community as the document that is produced. The document assists Coordinated Care Organizations in planning and prioritizing efforts that ultimately improve health outcomes, the health of individuals and communities and reduce health care costs. The process serves to engage community members in identifying trends and opportunities to improve the health of their community. The primary audience of the process and the resulting CHA document is the CCO Community Advisory Council (CAC) membership.

Three Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) came together in January of 2013 to collaborate on a single, collective community health assessment over two counties in Southwestern Oregon. Pooling resources, reducing duplication of effort and meeting funding mandates motivated the three organizations to secure a contract with a consultant to lead and facilitate a community health assessment. The Josephine and Jackson Community Health Assessment was completed to meet the needs for AllCare Health Plan, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect.

The Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model was the basis of the Community Health Assessment process. The MAPP process is a national best practice and recognized by the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) as a process for community health assessment. Due to the resources and time required for a thorough MAPP process, the collaborative agreed upon a modified MAPP model with a time line of January 2013-December 2013.

Data used in the community health assessment included secondary data sets, those data sets that were collected by another organization or group. These included needs assessments, census and other demographic data, epidemiology data on incidence, prevalence and percentages of health status at local, county, state and national population groups. Primary data, collected by those leading the Jackson and Josephine County Community Health Assessment, was also collected via key informant interviews and several focus groups across both counties.

The CHA document begins by outlining the process that was completed in 2013, then proceeds to list notable demographic trends in each county, identify individual and community health status issues and ends with a summary of community perceptions of health. Suggestions for next steps for the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) are found at the end of each county section.

Although the full document separates both counties into their own reports, health status data, demographic trends and focus group data were similar across both counties. Focus group and key informant data were also fairly consistent with the demographic and epidemiological picture of the counties, with few distinct differences.

The Community Health Assessment is not meant to be a static document or an all-inclusive document. It is designed to complement other community efforts, plans and assessments and will be added to and changed over the next several years as community health and perceptions of health change. The CHA is not intended to be a rigorous research study, a catalog of service gaps, nor is it designed to extensively evaluate the efficacy and validity of existing community data. Instead, it is intended to provide a macro view of available community data and help to identity community trends to assist with planning.

“I appreciate that all three CCOs are working together on this—it’s hopeful. I’m super glad they are listening. —Focus Group Participant

Community Health Assessment (CHA) Process Josephine and Jackson Counties 2013

Preliminary data collection: Identify previous community assessments

Secondary quantitative data collection

Process Activity

Web based search

Key informant interviews

Analysis of secondary data for themes: Review and prioritize health status data

Health status data review

Review by consultant, CACC (Committee of reps from all 4 CACs working on CHA)

Collection of primary data: Collect qualitative data Community focus groups

Site champions (from CACC) work w/ consultant to complete focus groups

Key informant interviews of professionals in health sector

Final inventory and analysis: Incorporate health status data priorities, focus group data, key informant interviews

Review by Consultant, CACC for themes, prioritization of what to present and needs for future data collection

Write and share: Community Health Assessment document

Document presented for approval by: 1. CACC, to 2. CACs to 3. CCO Boards

Timeline

Spring 2013

September 2013

October 2013

November 2013

Winter/Spring 2013

Process The Jackson and Josephine county Community Health Assessment synthesizes several months of collecting, cataloging and reviewing data related to the health of residents living in Jackson and Josephine county. The process represents collaboration with three Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) and spans two counties in Southwestern Oregon. It is the first step in an ongoing process of community health assessment, planning and improvement.

The purpose of the Community Health Assessment (CHA) is to provide a macro view of community health issues in the county. This is accomplished by cataloging and reviewing applicable community health status data and gathering additional data from the community about their health priorities and perceptions. The process serves to engage community members in identifying trends and opportunities to improve the health of their community. The resulting CHA document assists organizations in planning and prioritizing efforts that ultimately lead to the triple aim of improving health outcomes, improving individual and community health, and reducing costs.

Community Health Assessments are required for Coordinated Care Organizations. Three CCOs came together in January of 2013 and decided to collaborate on a single, collective community health assessment. The Josephine and Jackson County Community Health Assessment was designed to meet the needs for AllCare Health Plan, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect Coordinated Care Organizations and their four Community Advisory Councils (CACs).

Framework and Process A desire to pool resources, reduce duplication of effort and meet mandates motivated the collaborative orgainzations to secure a contract with a consultant to lead and facilitate the community health assessment. A contract was secured with V Consulting & Associates to lead the process and provide technical writing.

The Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model was then chosen as the basis of the Community Health Assessment process. The MAPP process is a national best practice and recognized by the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) as a process for community health assessment. MAPP enables enhanced understanding of the complex influences on community health, through thoughtful and deliberate data collection and analysis. Due to the resources and time required for a thorough MAPP process, the collaborative group agreed upon a modified MAPP model with a time line of January 2013-December 2013.

The work of the CHA was completed by the consultant and a workgroup of representatives from all four CACs. The workgroup was titled the Community Advisory Council CHA Committee (CACC). CACC members provided leadership to the process, assisted with primary data collection and focus groups, and were advocates for the process to their CCO Board of Directors and the larger community. Engagement of the CAC members (via the CACC) was vital to the process, providing an opportunity for the CAC to meet Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR) requirements for overseeing the Community Health Assessment, increase individual knowledge about community health and health care transformation.

The CACC reviewed and edited the first preliminary draft of the CHA document. The four CAC’s were then given an opportunity to review the document and then recommend the document be accepted and submitted to the Oregon Health Authority by the CCO Board of Directors by their January 1, 2014 deadline.

CHNA Required by IRS Focus is to identify and assess access and needs of community the hospital is serving.

Documentation must include written report.

See Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requirements for 501(c)3 hospitals. Led by hospital

Every 3 years

CCO Required by Oregon Health Authority Purpose is to assess entire community served by CCO, not just Medicaid population. Tied to responsibility of CCO in creating the Triple Aim: Better care, better health and reduced costs.

Led by CCO, with CAC involvement.

Proposed to be every 3 years

Public Health Accreditation

Required by Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB)

Collaborative process resulting in a comprehensive community health Assessment.

Led by County Public Health with collabrative partners.

Every 5 years (could be on a 3 year cycle)

BIP Required by Oregon Health Authority Collaborative process resulting in a comprehensive community health Assessment.

Led by County Public Health with collabrative partners.

Every 5 years (could be on a 3 year cycle)

Plans and Processes requiring Community Health Assessments

Community Health Needs Assessment

Biennial Improvement Plan

Coordinated Care Organization

Data Assumptions and Priorities The large volume of available data sets necessitated setting priorities about what data to collect and analyze. Collecting and cataloging data was completed with the following assumptions and priorities.

• Data accessible online was preferable—particularly if able to save in PDF or another readable/printable format

• Collect data on entire community, not just on Medicaid/Oregon Health Plan population, identify county specific data when available

• Collect epidemiology data on health status, prevalence, incidence of disease • Collect data on social determinants of health-such as poverty, unemployment,

homelessness • Collect data on services related to health • Collect data within the last seven years, the newer the data the better • Older data was allowed if there was lack of data in that particular type of data • Data on chronic disease, mental and behavioral health and addictions were

emphasized • Data updated regularly and/or part of a larger, reliable data system/ tracking effort

Data assumptions and priorities were established at the onset of the MAPP process in January 2013. The initial data collection and analysis (meta-analysis) took place from January to May of 2013. Results from the meta-analysis were presented to the CACs and CCO boards in May. All data that was collected was cataloged into a spreadsheet titled the “data sources.” The data sources document was and will be continually added to and serve as a community resource of available health status data. PDF versions of all available data sets and assessments were organized in a series of online folders—ensuring accessibility for all leadership team and CAC members.

Types of Data The community health assessment included secondary data sets, those data sets that were collected by another organization or group. These included existing needs assessments, epidemiology data on incidence, prevalence and percentages of health status at local, county, state and national population groups. Secondary data at the local (zip code) and county level was utilized when available. Primary data, data collected by those leading the CHA, was also collected via key informant interviews and focus groups across Jackson and Josephine county.

Limitations The Community Health Assessment is not meant to stand on its own, but is a process and document designed to complement other community efforts, plans and assessments. It is not a complete collection of all community health needs or health data. It relies heavily on secondary data assessments and there are many notable gaps in readily available local, county, state and national data. The CHA is also not a rigorous research study, nor is it designed to extensively evaluate the efficacy and validity of existing community data. While the CHA identifies many critical health issues, it is not inclusive of every possible health-related issue. Instead, it is intended to provide a macro view of available community data, help to identify community trends, and help to illustrate the need for more detailed local data.

The CHA document is a dynamic and changing document and will be added to and changed over the next several years as community health and perceptions of health change.

Contents Jackson County: People and Place 1 Location and Physical Characteristics

Demographic Trends & Population Characteristics Migration and Growth

Growth in Elderly Population

Poverty

Homelessness

Education

Disabilities

Crime

Health Status: Individual and Community Health 11 County Health Rankings

Morbidity & Mortality in Jackson County Chronic Disease & Conditions

Mental Health

Addictions

Health Behavior & Lifestyle Factors Tobacco

Obesity

Additional Social Determinants of Health Food Insecurity

Health System Access to Medical Care

Community Perceptions of Health 29 Focus Groups

Key Informant Interviews: System of Care Strengths and Opportunities

The Community Health Improvement Plan & Next Steps Utilizing the CHA for Planning

Jackson County Community Health Assessment Data Sources Sampling of Available Data Sources 2012-2013

Focus Group Guide & Questions

1 - Jackson final version

Jackson County: People and Place Location and Physical Characteristics

Jackson County is a county located in Southwestern Oregon along the border with California. It is considered one of the more rugged parts of the state with multiple climates and geography within its 2,081 square miles. The terrain and geography is diverse including large broad valleys, deep river valleys and sparsely populated mountainous areas. There are hundreds of hills, valleys and waterways including the Rogue River and Bear Creek.

Interstate 5 (I-5) runs through the county and the only urban areas lie along the I-5 corridor, in the broader valley areas of Medford and Ashland. The total population in Jackson County is 206,412 (2012). The population centers in Jackson County include Medford, Ashland, Phoenix, Central Point and Talent. These centers account for 60% of the total county population, with the remaining 40% of the county population living in many thinly populated rural areas. There are 11 incorporated cities in Jackson County and 34 unincorporated communities. The largest incorporated city is the county seat of Medford.

Demographic Trends & Population Characteristics Migration and Growth Jackson County exceeded the average state growth from 2004-2008. However, from 2008- 2010, during the economic downturn the county saw the growth trend change to the negative as many residents out-migrated from the county to find jobs out of state or in the larger urban areas of the state in the Willamette Valley. Like many Southwestern Oregon counties, local population statistics began showing that younger families were leaving the area for more metropolitan counties to find jobs shortly after the downturn.

2002-2004 2004-2006 2006-2008 2008-2010 2010-2012

2.2% 3.0% 2.7% 1.2%

1.2%1.9%

3.8% 3.3%

-1.0%

0.7%

Percent Population Change 2002 -2012

Oregon

Jackson County

Source: PSU Population Research Center

0

2 - Jackson final version

At the same time, the county continued to see a steady influx of seniors to the county, largely from out of state. Both the exodus of younger and often higher socioeconomic level populations and the influx of older demographic groups in the county ultimately influences the health status and burden for care on the community. The percentage of 60 and over is expected to continue to rise within the county, while percentages of younger ages continues to diminish. Growth in Elderly Population

According to 2012 census data, 18.8% of the county population is over 65-years-old, higher than the state average of 14.9%. Jackson County joins many other counties in Southern Oregon with distinctly higher average ages and higher percentages of elderly living in the county than more metropolitan counties.

6%

6%

12%

18%

32%

26%

Age Distribution Jackson County 2012

under 5

5 to

9

10 to

19

20 to 34

35 to

60

60 and over

Source: 2012 US Census

Population Forecast by Age, 2010-2040, Jackson County

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Age

2010 2040

Source: Office of Economic Analysis, Department of Administrative Services, State of Oregon

3 - Jackson final version

Poverty Nearly one in four children in Jackson County live in poverty, creating significant challenges to their overall health and long-term development.

15.8% of the total county population lives in poverty (2008-2011), slightly higher than the state average of 14.8%.

Poverty has tremendous impact on individual and community outcomes and was consistently brought up in the community focus groups related to access to health care services, housing, access to healthy food and nutrition.

“I think the health of the people in our community varies from very healthy to poor health. Some groups are very physically active and health conscious with good incomes and other sub-groups are impacted by very low incomes, inadequate housing and childcare, which produces high levels of stress and negatively impacts health.”—Focus Group Participant

under 18 years 18-64 years 65 years and older 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Percent living below poverty level by age Jackson County 2009-2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

4 - Jackson final version

Josephine 18.8%

Curry 14.2%

Jackson 15.8%

Coos 16.0%

Klamath 18.1%

Lake 18.7%

Douglas 16.0% Harney

20.5%

17.4% 11.4%

Malheur 22.6%

15.8%

21.0% 15.9%

20.2%

15.8% 16.2%

12.6%

12.7% Baker 20.0%

17.3%

12.8% 9.5% 19.4%

10%16.5% 18.6%10.4%17.6%

9.9% 16.6%

16.4%

15.9%14.8%

11.8% 14.2%

So ur

ce : 5

-y ea

r A

m er

ic an

C om

m un

ity S

ur ve

y Es

tim at

es

Percent In Poverty By County

5 - Jackson final version

Homelessness Homelessness continues to be a challenge for many living in Jackson County. Causes of homelessness vary, they include drug and alcohol abuse, high rents, domestic violence and unemployment.

Children who experience homelessness are more likely to be at risk for violent crime, lower educational outcomes and higher rates of substance abuse. Nearly all districts in Jackson County listed K-12 grade students experiencing homelessness with most districts far exceeding the state average.

Source: Oregon Department of Education

Pinehurst SD 94 Central Point SD 6

Ashland SD 5 Phoenix-Talent SD 4

Prospect SD 59 Eagle Point SD 9

Rogue River SD 35 Medford SD 549C

Butte Falls SD 91 Statewide

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Students, grades k-12, experiencing homelessness Jackson County 2009-2010

Ja ck

so n

C o

u n

ty S

ch o

o l D

is tr

ic ts

6 - Jackson final version

Causes of Homelessness Jackson County 2013

Pregnancy

Child abuse

Runaway

Gambling

Credit

Poor rental history

By choice

Evicted by landlord

Kicked out by family/friends

Criminal history

Medical problem

Mental or emotional disorder

Unemployed

Domestic violence

Drug/alcohol (in home)

Couldn't afford rent

Drug/alcohol (in self)

Source: One Night Homeless Count 2011-2013, Jackson County Homeless Task Force

7 - Jackson final version

Disabilities

Jackson County has an estimated 29,079 adults with disabilities according to the recent Area Agency on Aging 2013-2016 plan. Types of disabilities are varied, with ambulatory difficulty being the highest, cognitive being a close second.

Education High school graduation rates at the county level are similar to state averages, typically showing 88-89% of the population being a high school graduate or higher.

For those that have less than a high school degree (or equivalent) poverty is markedly higher—they are twice as likely than those with some college to live in poverty.

Source: 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college, associate's degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

00% 05% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Poverty rate for Jackson County residents 25-years and over by educational attainment, 2009-2011

Poverty Level

Source: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

ambulatory difficulty

cognitive difficulty

independent living difficulty

hearing difficulty

self-care difficulty

vision difficulty

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9%

Percentage adults with a disability Jackson County 2011

8 - Jackson final version

Race & Ethnicity Jackson County demographics for race and ethnicity are quite similar to state averages, with over 17% of residents identifying as a minority population. Hispanic or Latino represent 11.4% of the population in the county, followed by people identifying as being from two or more ethnic groups.

Public school enrollment statistics are similar to census numbers in most districts. The Phoenix- Talent School District shows the highest numbers of minorities, followed by Medford and Eagle Point.

Health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities continue to be worse, and percentages of insured minorities are also lower. Although specific county-level data for uninsured by race/ethnicity is not currently available, it is important to note that Hispanic groups have significantly higher chances of being uninsured statewide. Every minority race and ethnic group has higher rates of uninsurance when compared with Caucasian populations, presenting significant barriers to accessing health care and health disparities. It is interesting to note that outside the Portland Metro area, Jackson County has some of the highest percentages of race and ethnic diversity in the state.

White Alone Black Asian Pacific Islanders Asian Multi Hispanic 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Oregon uninsured rates by race/ethnicity, 2011 Ages 0-18 Ages 19-64

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0 1 1 O

re g o n H

ea lt h In

su ra

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S u rv

ey

9 - Jackson final version

Employment Unemployment in Jackson County continues to be higher than state and national averages. Although the trend shows slight decreases in the seasonally adjusted unemployment rates from the Oregon Employment Department, they continue to hover around 10% annually, nearly 3% higher than the national average.

Residents of Jackson County work predominantly in educational services, health care, social assistance, and retail.

Unemployment and its effects on poverty and health continue to be felt by county residents and it was discussed frequently in focus groups.

“Multiple families are living under one roof since the economy went downhill, it affects everyone’s health.” —Focus Group participant

unemployed

agriculture, forestry, fishing. hunting, and mining

construction

manufacturing

wholesale trade

retail trade

transportation warehousing, utilities

information

finance and insurance, real estate, rental, leasing

professional, scientific, management, administrative, waste management

educational services, health care, social assistance

arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, food services

other services, except public administration

public administration

Percent employed by business sector Jackson County and Oregon 2009-2011 Jackson

Oregon

source: 2009-2011 american community survey 3-year estimates

10 - Jackson final version

Jan-06 Aug-06 Mar-07 Oct-07 May-08 Dec-08 Jul-09 Feb-10 Sep-10 Apr-11 Nov-11 Jun-12 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Drug Arrests- Oregon State and Jackson County

All drugs- Oregon

Jackson- All drugs

Oregon Meth

Jackson Meth

Oregon Heroin

Jackson Heroin

6 m

o n th

m o vi

n g a

ve ra

g e

Crime Crime continues to be a challenge for residents living in Jackson County. The Report of Oregon Offenses Known to Law Enforcement lists Jackson County as fourth highest in the state for property crimes (out of 36), ninth for person crimes and eleventh for behavior crimes in 2010. Drug arrests continue to outpace state averages of arrests for all drug categories, but notably higher for methamphetamine.

“Meth use is high and scares me because of all the robberies, stealing, dirty needles and stuff.” —Focus Group participant

Source: Criminal Justice Commission, Statistical Analysis Center

11 - Jackson final version

Health Status: Individual and Community Health County Health Rankings The County Health Rankings is a collaborative project supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The rankings evaluate counties based on causes of death (mortality), types of illnesses (morbidity) and those factors that lead to poor health outcomes. The rankings provide a measurement tool to compare county-to-county, as well as comparison to state and national benchmarks. The most recent rankings were released in March 2013 and rankings are available for nearly every county in the United States. The rankings look at a variety of measures that affect health. Although released annually, some of the data sets that are used in the development of the rankings are older so it is important to not look at county rankings exclusively when evaluating the health status of Jackson County.

Jackson County was ranked in the middle percentile, ranking 13th out of 33 ranked Oregon Counties (health outcomes category), this was improved by two positions in 2012. Mortality (death) was ranked 10th out of 32, morbidity (disease) was ranked at 18th out of 32.

Morbidity & Mortality in Jackson County Mortality (death) and causes of death have changed in Jackson County over the last 75 years, consistent with state and national trends. Many advances in science, medicine, living and working conditions have contributed to changes in causes of death and life expectancy. The major causes of premature death in Jackson County are chronic conditions, consistent with a nationwide epidemic of chronic disease and conditions.

Health Outcomes Oregon Counties 2013

County Rank Baker 33 Benton 2 Clackamas 5 Clatsop 12 Columbia 19 Coos 28 Crook 8 Curry 26 Deschutes 7 Douglas 30 Gilliam not ranked

Grant 1 Harney 20 Hood River 3 Jackson 13 Jefferson 32 Josephine 29 Klamath 31 Lake 22 Lane 17 Lincoln 24 Linn 23 Malheur 10 Marion 14 Morrow 16 Multnomah 15 Polk 9 Sherman not ranked

Tillamook 25 Umatilla 27 Union 21 Wallowa 18 Wasco 11 Washington 4 Wheeler not ranked

Yamhill 6

12 - Jackson final version

Death from cancer, heart disease and lower respiratory disease is significantly higher in Jackson County than the state or Healthy People 2020 goal. Rates of suicide and unintentional injuries are three times higher in Jackson County than national goals and double the state average. Healthy People 2020 provides national benchmark goals for communities and organizations that create and administer health improvement plans. They are evidence-based national objectives designed to help communities monitor progress and evaluate success. Jackson County rates are at least double that of the Healthy People benchmark goals in cancer, heart disease and chronic respiratory disease.

Jackson County joins many of its neighboring counties with high incidences of cancer. Breast Cancer, Prostate, Lung and Colorectal cancers continue to be the leading types of cancer in Jackson County, a consistent trend for the last decade.

Sources: Oregon Health Division County Data Book 2011, Healthy People 2020

cancer

heart disease

chronic lower respiratory disease

alzheimer's disease

cerebrovascluar disease

unintentional injuries

diabetes-linked

suicide

alcohol induced

0 100 200 300 400 500

Jackson County

Oregon

HP2020

Rate per 100,000

Leading causes of death per 100,000 Jackson County, Oregon, Healthy People 2020

13 - Jackson final version

Chronic Disease & Conditions Prevalence of chronic conditions in Jackson County are close to many state averages. The County age-adjusted population data shows a high burden of high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and arthritis in the county.

So u

rc e:

O re

g o

n B

R FS

S C

o u

n ty

C o

m b

in ed

D at

as et

2

0 0

6 -2

0 0

9

stroke

heart attack

angina

diabetes

asthma

arthritis

high blood pressure

high blood cholesterol

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

2%

3%

3%

6%

8%

25%

27%

35%

2%

3%

3%

7%

10%

26%

26%

33%

Prevalence of population with chronic conditions, 2006-2009 Jackson County Oregon

Source: Oregon Public Health Authority, Cancer in Oregon report, 2010

all breast colorectal lung prostate 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Leading types of cancer, Jackson County 2001-2010

2001-2005- County

2001-2005- State

2006-2010-County

2006-2010-State

In ci

de nc

e pe

r 10

0, 00

0

The burden of chronic conditions for those on Oregon insurance programs, such as the Oregon Health Plan, show a similar pattern as the county population. Oregon Health Plan patients, enrolled in one of the three CCO’s in Josephine and Jackson Counties, show high rates of tobacco use, diabetes, asthma, obesity and chemical dependency.

rheumatoid arthritis chemical dependency

tobacco use cystic fibrosis

hemophilia low birth weight

chronic coronary heart disease (CHF) chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD)

hypertension stroke

diabetes chronic kidney disease (ESRD)

chronic liver disease/cirrhosis (liver) hepatitis c (HEP C)

HIV/AIDS attention deficit disorder (ADD)

alzheimers anorexia autism

bipolar disorder borderline personality disorder

dementia depression

post-tramatic stress disorder (PTSD) schizophrenia breast cancer

colorectal cancer leukemia

lung cancer ovarian cancer

prostate cancer epilepsy

multiple sclerosis (MS) paralysis

asthma chronic bronchitis

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emphysema

obesity

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Average rate chronic conditions October 2013 AllCare Health Plan, Primary Health, Jackson Care Connect combined data

rate per 1,000 clients (counted if client had at least 2 claims in last 3 years)

So u

rce: O reg

o n

H ealth

A u

th o

rity 2 0

1 3

15 - Jackson final version

Oral and Dental Health National and state level data show that tooth decay is five times more common than asthma in Oregon children. Dental health should be a priority concern for the County and State. In Oregon, oral disease is on the rise and is not limited by socio-economic status, race or ethnicity, or age according to a recent resources scan and needs assessment commissioned by the Oregon Community Foundation.

The 2012 Oregon Smile Survey grouped counties into regions, Jackson County being in Region 4 with Coos, Curry, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Douglas. The region has higher percentages of cavities, untreated decay and rampant decay in children.

Although the rise in oral disease is not limited to socio- economic status, the dental health of children in the region was far worse for those with lower incomes.

Dental prevention and access to dental care was consistently mentioned in all focus groups in the county. Of those children enrolled in Medicaid in the county, the majority did not have sealants (a common preventive dental practice).

“We see kids with swollen faces from abscesses and dental problems—their parents are like, ‘I don’t know what to do, won’t it just heal?’ It affects their ability to be at school and learn.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: Oregon Smile Survey 2012 Region 4 includes Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane

had a cavity

untreated decay

rampant decay

62%

66%

70%

38%

34%

30%

Oral health status children grades 1-3 by household income region 4, 2012

lower income

higher income

Oral health status children grades 1-3, 2012

16 - Jackson final version

Mental Health

Close to 65% of residents in Jackson County describe themselves as having good mental health. Although that is close to the state average, it still shows that close to 1 in 3 people don’t consider themselves as having good mental health. When people don’t feel as though their mental health is good, health-related quality of life is reduced.

Oregon Jackson County

66% 64%

Oregon Adults in Good Mental Health Jackson County and Oregon, 2006-2009

So u

rc e:

O re

g o n B

eh av

io ra

l R is

k Fa

ct o r

Su rv

ei lla

n ce

S ys

te m

Source: EPSDT Measure, DCO Performance Measurement 2010-2011

Totals Ages 1-2 Ages 3-5 Ages 6-9 Ages 10-14 Ages 15-18 Ages 19-20

4894

1853

2455 2353 2541

1942

913 638

0 6 308 330

73 1

Youth Medicaid Population with Dental Coverage and Sealants Jackson County 2010-2011

Enrolled

Received Sealants

17 - Jackson final version

Rates of suicide deaths have been typically been higher than the state rate, with the highest rate being 26.6 deaths per 100,000. Suicide is highly correlated with depression, intimate partner violence and several mental health disorders.

Suicide, depression and harassment in youth is also higher in Jackson County than state averages. Bullying and harassment of youth was another reoccurring theme in the focus groups.

“Bullying is destroying our future.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey, 2012

21%

16% 16% 14%

9% 8%

Youth Harassment Multiple Grades Josphine County 2012

Grade 6 County

Grade 6 State

Grade 8 County

Grade 8 State

Grade 11 County

Grade11 State

Harassment because "someone said that you were gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender”

Source: Oregon Vital Records

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rate of suicide deaths, all ages 2000-2012 — Jackson County

Jackson Oregon

Ra te

p er

1 00

0 po

pu la

ti on

18 - Jackson final version

Youth experiencing mental health crisis is increasing in the county, as evidenced by increasing ER visits and hospital admissions.

Source: 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey

Depression Suicidal ideation Attemps

26%

16%

8%

23%

13%

6%

Youth Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Attempts Jackson County

Jackson County

Oregon State

A ve

ra g

es G

ra d es

6 ,8

,1 1

Source: Rouge River Medical Center

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

358

471 497 538

584

37 34 55 69 92

ER Visits and Hospital Admissions for Youth Experiencing Mental Health Crisis Jackson County 2008-2012

ER Visits

Total Admissions

19 - Jackson final version

Addictions Jackson County residents have significant issues with addictions to alcohol, tobacco, other drugs and gambling. Binge drinking, in both genders is higher than state averages, and higher than neighboring counties. Excessive heavy alcohol consumption can contribute to chronic health issues, including heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, high blood pressure, stroke, coma and death. 15% of Jackson County adults drink excessively, twice the national benchmark of 7%. Heavy or excessive drinking is defined as adults consuming more than one (women) or two (men) beverages per day on average.

Source: Jackson County Suicide Prevention Coalition, 2013

Jackson County National National Need 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10

16.5

25.9

Psychiatric Mental Health Providers Accepting New Medicare Clients —Jackson County

ra te

p er

1 0

0 ,0

0 0

So u rc

e: O

re g o n B

eh av

io ra

l R is

k Fa

ct o r

Su rv

ei lla

n ce

S ys

te m

Oregon Jackson County 0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

Male and Female Heavy Drinking, 2006-2009

Male

Female

5% 6% 6%

8%

Seniors in the county are also challenged in accessing psychiatric services. The rate of Psychiatric Mental Health Providers accepting new Medicare clients is very low compared to the national need.

20 - Jackson final version

The rate of DUII (driving under the influence of intoxicants) is a data set reviewed when evaluating impact of addictions on a community. For well over a decade, rates of DUII has been higher in Jackson County than the state average.

Drug and alcohol use is not a problem exclusively in adults. Jackson County shows youth reporting higher rates of cigarette, alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana and illicit drug use than state averages, for grade school through high school.

“Kids come back from lunch [at my school] visibly high—having smoked their parents’ stash at lunch. Everybody knows who the smokers are here, but there isn’t much that we can do about it.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey

smoked cigarettes alcohol binge drinking marijuana any illicit drugs 0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Youth Drug Use — Jackson County 2012

p er

ce n ta

g e

us ed

in p

as t

3 0

d ay

s

grade 6- county grade 6- state grade 8- county grade 8- state grade 11- county grade 11-state

Source: DUII Data Book for Oregon Counties, 1999-2008

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 0 2 4 6 8

10

DUII Offenses 1999-2008 Jackson County Oregon State

R a te

p e r

1 0

0 0

21 - Jackson final version

Gambling, a type of addiction, also presents challenges to both adults and youth in Jackson County. The county has higher percentages of eighth graders reporting gambling of every type, than the state average.

The prevalence of problem gambling is considerably higher than those accessing treatment in Jackson County. It is important to note that only 3% of those Jackson County residents experiencing problem gambling are accessing treatment. For all drug categories, Jackson County continues to outpace State average drug

So u

rc e:

O re

g o n g

am b lin

g t

re at

m en

t p ro

g ra

m s

ev al

u at

io n u

p d at

e 2 0 1 2

O re

g o n H

ea lt h A

u th

o ri ty

, A d d ic

ti o n s

an d M

en ta

l H ea

lt h D

iv is

io n

Preval ence Access ing Treatment 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000 3800

114

Prevalance of Problem Gambling Jackson County 2012

N u

m b

e r

o f

in d iv

id u

a ls

lottery/powerball/megabucks

dice or coin flips

cards (poker, etc)

betting on sports

betting on games of personal skill (bowling, video games, dare)

internet gambling

other

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

8th Grader Gambling 2012 Jackson State

Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012

arrests; most notably methamphetamine and heroin. (See People and Place section) It is important to note that declines in drug arrests are more likely attributed to reductions in funding for local law enforcement than reductions in drug use and trafficking.

“Just about everyone I know has an addiction. People with addictions are more sick, can’t get to the doctor, don’t have insurance and are embarrassed.” —Focus Group Participant

Jackson County has one of the highest opioid death rates in the State, and the number of annual opioid deaths is on the rise (deaths from drugs such as codeine, oxycodone, morphine and methadone). The morbidity and mortality associated with inappropriate use of opiate drugs has a negative impact on the health of the community. At the same time, people in focus groups commented that their pain was not well managed and discussed the added burden that chronic pain presented when suffering from chronic conditions. Focus group comments and the high rate of opioid death suggest systemic problems in the management of chronic pain in the county.

Maternal & Child Health Causes of

So u

rc e:

O p

io id

P re

sc ri b

in g

G u

id el

in es

R ep

o rt

: O

p io

id P

re sc

ri b

er s

G ro

u p

2 0

1 3

Ye ar

Prescription Drug Overdose Deaths Jackson County

N u

m b

er o

f D

e at

h s

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Prescription opioid overdose mortality rate by county, 2003-2007

Rate per 100,000

1.8 - 2.3

2.3 - 3.4

3.4 - 5.3

5.3 - 8.2

no rate (less than 5 cases total)

Source: Jackson County Response to Prescription

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low birth weight include tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, socioeconomic factors such as education level and poverty as well as maternal and fetal medical conditions. Babies born with low birth weight (considered 1500-2499 grams at birth) typically have more long-term disabilities and developmental issues, including cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, impairment of sight, hearing and/or lung functioning. The percentage of low birthweight babies in Jackson County is 6%, close to the state percentage of 6.1% and just meeting the national benchmark of 6%.

Women who access care while they are pregnant are more likely to have healthy pregnancies and better child outcomes and less likely to have low birth weight babies. Prenatal care includes a myriad of services, including: education about healthy choices and body changes while pregnant, prenatal testing and counseling, treating medical conditions/complications (such as anemia and gestational hypertension), oral health assessment and treatment, screening for intimate partner violence and tobacco use and substance abuse.

Although pregnancy risk factors are high (such as maternal tobacco use) in Jackson County, utilization of prenatal care is moderate but below the state average, with 73% of mothers in the county receiving prenatal

care in the first trimester. Those women receiving prenatal care in Jackson County, have a marked reduced rate of low birth weight babies compared to those without prenatal care.

A primary risk factor for low birth weights and child outcomes is maternal smoking. Maternal smoking is currently higher than the state average and has been for several years.

first trimester care inadequate prenatal care

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Percentage receiving prenatal care Jackson County 2011

Jackson

Oregon

So u

rc e:

O re

g o

n V

it al

S ta

ti st

ic s,

2 0

1 1

Source: Oregon Health Authority Center for Health Statistics

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5%

10%

15%

20%

Percentage of Maternal Tobacco Use 2005-2011

Jackson

Oregon

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The teen birth rate in Jackson County is higher than the state average and national benchmark. Jackson County’s teen birth rate per 1,000 females ages 15-19 is 37. The Oregon rate is 33 per 1,000, the national benchmark is 21 per 1,000.

Immunization is an effective tool for preventing disease and death. Vaccinating children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended immunization schedules, is varied by county. Those parents choosing not to vaccinate claiming religious exemption has been higher in Jackson County than state average for over a decade. The trend of those requesting exemption continues to increase annually.

Oregon Health Authority, Immunization Program

Jackson

Oregon

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

Religious exceptions from immunizations by school year Jackson County

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Health Behavior & Lifestyle Factors Modifiable behaviors related to health status such as tobacco use, inadequate physical activity and nutrition have significant influence on the health of individuals and communities. The leading cause of preventable death in Jackson County, as it is in Oregon, is tobacco use. A close second is obesity.

Tobacco Tobacco usage has remained high in Jackson County for many years. Roughly 1 in 5 adults in the county smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the state average of 17.1%. Of grave concern are the 15% of birth mothers, in 2009, who reported smoking while pregnant.

According to the 2013 County Tobacco Fact Sheet, Jackson County spent an estimated $83.8 million on medical care related to tobacco use.

2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey data indicates that 7.3% of 8th graders, and 16.5% of 11th graders in Jackson County used cigarettes. One-third of these kids have started an addiction that will eventually kill them. Eighty percent of adult smokers in Oregon started before the age of 18.

Obesity Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for several chronic conditions. Overweight is defined as a body mass index of 25 or higher, obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. BMI is calculated by using both height and weight. Research has shown that overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease. Approximately 2/3 of adults in Jackson County are either obese or overweight, putting them at increased risk of chronic disease and increased morbidity.

overweight *obese meeting CDC physical activity recommendations

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

38%

21%

58%

36%

25%

56%

Percent population overweight, obese and meeting physical activity guidelines, 2006-2009

Jackson

Oregon

So u rc

e: O

re g o n B

R F S

S C

o u n ty

C o m

b in

ed D

at as

et 2

0 0 6 -2

0 0 9

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Physical Activity & Nutrition Regular physical activity and a healthy diet reduce the risk for chronic disease and obesity.

The percentage of adults consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day in Jackson County from 2006-2009 was 33.2%, exceeding the state average of 27%. The proportion of fast food establishments in the county, at 44%, is almost twice the national benchmark.

“Access to resources to live a healthy lifestyle is hard. Food access here is bad, small stores in small communities have mostly processed foods, they can’t afford to bring in fresh out of town produce. That’s made worse by the fact that those with SNAP use their food stamps for processed food, the money goes farther with processed food.” — Focus Group Participant

Additional Social Determinants of Health Food Insecurity The USDA defines food insecurity as lack of access to enough food for all members in a household and limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods. Over 16% of Jackson County households, or approximately 34,260 people are food insecure. 75% of the food-insecure households in the county have incomes below the poverty level. Additionally, 22.4% of children in Jackson County households experienced food insecurity in 2011. It is estimated that an additional 15 million dollars would have been needed to meet food needs of those living with food insecurity in Jackson County in 2011.

The percentage of K-12 students eligible for free/reduced lunches in 2012-2013 was nearly 60%, indicating significant child poverty levels and access to food concerns for the youth of Jackson County.

Source: Map the Meal Gap, Food Insecurity in your County, Feedingamerica.org

Overall Children 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

16%

22%

18%

29%

17%

28%

Percent with food insecurity Jackson County, Oregon, National, 2011

Jackson

Oregon

National

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Health System Access to Medical Care Lack of health insurance coverage continues to be a significant barrier to accessing needed health and medical care. Uninsured people are likely to experience more adverse physical, mental and financial outcomes than those with insurance. Jackson County far exceeds the national benchmark of 11% and state percentages in all age groups. 26.6% adults 19-64 in Jackson County were uninsured in 2011. This number is expected to change after January 1st, 2014. It is expected that the majority of new enrollees after January 1 will be adults.

Although the number and demographics of enrollees will change January 1, it is helpful to understand the current population of CCO enrollees. Enrollees are spread out across the county, with the higher percentages living in Medford, Central Point, and White City.

Close to 65% of the current CCO enrollees in Jackson County are under the age of 18, higher than Josephine County (53% are under 18). Access to health care was a consistent theme in focus groups and key informant interviews. Insurance costs, transportation (getting to appointments), availability of specialists, accessibility of clinics for people with disabilities, language barriers, primary care physicians not taking specific insurance plans, and health literacy regarding how to negotiate insurance were all listed as access concerns for residents living in Jackson County.

Source: 2011 Oregon Health Insurance Survey

200% FPL and Below

201%FPL and Above

Entire year without Insurance

19-64 years

Less than 18 years

Overall

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

27%

13%

15%

27%

12%

19%

25%

17%

11%

21%

6%

15%

Percent Population Uninsured, 2011 Jackson Oregon

28 - Jackson final version

“I’ve seen patients that said they were surprised that they couldn’t use their brother’s insurance card and didn’t know what a copay, co-insurance or deductibles were. Health literacy and access to health care is more than just having insurance and that will only become more apparent after January 1st.”—Key Informant

CCO enrollee by age Jackson County 2013

newborn

1 to 12 years

13 to 19 years

adults

97501 97502 97503 97504 97520 97522 97524 97525 97530 97535 97536 97537 97539 97540 97541 %

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Percent CCO Enrollees By Select Zip Codes Jackson County 2013

29 - Jackson final version

Community Perceptions of Health Focus Groups This report presents summary findings from five focus groups, conducted in Jackson County as part of the 2013 Community Health Assessment. The purpose of the Community Health Assessment was to learn what people in the county believe are most important issues affecting their health and that of their families and communities. The purpose of the focus groups was to gather primary qualitative data on community perceptions and increase community engagement in setting priorities for individual and community health.

The focus groups were part of a larger community health assessment process, following a modified Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model. The focus groups were all facilitated by a consultant and assisted by Community Advisory Council (CAC) members and Coordinated Care Organization (CCO) staff.

Five focus groups were completed through Jackson County during September 2013. Thirty- six (36) community members participated in the groups, representing several different populations. A subcommittee of the CAC, titled the CACC, began by prioritizing populations and locations for focus groups. Lengthy discussion about what groups to select for focus groups included two face-to-face CACC meetings, an online survey given to the CACC members.

It is also important to note that there are limitations to the focus group data. Focus group data should not stand on its own but complement the health status and epidemiology data presented earlier in the Community Health Assessment. Focus groups were not intended to be a representative of all individuals in the entire county but rather, a process to gain specific insight into health concerns and solutions of specific populations. The populations chosen were driven by the Community Advisory Councils.

The limited time frame (one month) to complete focus groups was recognized as a challenging aspect of the process and the CACC had several intentional conversations about the need to prioritize due to the time constraints. Due to the January 1, 2014 deadline for submission of the final CHA, the CACC worked within the one-month parameter and chose five groups per county, with the caveat that additional groups and time would be added into the process for the next CHA.

Prioritized Populations for Jackson County Focus Groups

• Latino/Spanish-Speaking

• Addictions

• Uninsured/Underinsured

• Dental

• Rural/Unincorporated

• Chronic Pain

• Chronic Disease

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The CACC also discussed and guided the selection of data and questions to gather at the focus groups. The focus group guide, including the specific questions asked, is attached in the Appendices. A “site champion” was chosen from the CACC for each focus group. The role of the site champion was to lead recruitment, coordination of focus group location, selection of incentives for participants and introduction of the consultant to the participants at the group.

Data was gathered during the groups via open-ended questions and instant feedback polling questions. The instant feedback polling questions utilized Turning Technology “clickers,” capturing instant demographic data and polling on health priorities and perceptions. The use of multiple feedback collection methodologies ensured 100% participation of focus group attendees.

Light refreshments and $10 gift cards were provided to focus group participants as incentives. The focus groups were completed within two hours, and averaged 6 participants per group.

Focus Group Schedule-Jackson County

Group Date Location

Rural/Unincorporated 9-30 Prospect

Latino/Spanish Speaking 9-4 Sacred Heart Church

Uninsured and Dental 9-16 Library Medford

Addictions 9-17 Addictions Recovery Center inpatient

Chronic Disease/Chronic Pain 9-25 Central Point

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Demographics of Participants Focus group participants answered demographic questions about gender, age, ethnicity, martial status and education with Turning Technology clickers. The use of the clicker technology provided anonymity and increased participation and engagement in the group process. The total number of participants was thirty-six. Please note that not all participants chose to fill out demographic information, so totals on the demographic categories are varied.

Jackson County Focus Group Participant Demographics

Characteristic Response

Age 25 or under 11%

26-39 17%

40-54 31%

55-64 19%

65 or over 22%

Sex

Female 58%

Male 42%

Ethnicity

African American/Black 3%

Pacific Islander 0%

Hispanic/Latino 14%

Native American 0%

White/Caucasian 83%

Other 0%

Marital Status

Married or co-habitating 58%

Not married, single, divorced or widowed 42%

Highest Level of Education

Less than HS Diploma 11%

HS diploma or GED 22%

Some college or degree 61%

Other 6%

Household income

Less than $20,000 36%

$20,000-29,999 22%

$30,000-49,000 11%

Over $50,000 31%

32 - Jackson final version

Community Perceptions Focus group participants also answered questions about their personal health, the community health and ranked their top health problems, risk factors and conditions that influenced a healthy community. The following data were also collected with the Turning Technologies clicker system.

A majority of participants (87%) described their community as unhealthy. Counter to that, was that the majority (66%) of participants described themselves as healthy.

Participants were then asked to select the three most important health problems, perceived risk factors and conditions that influenced a healthy community.

14%

66%

21%

Community Health

Very healthy

Healthy

Somewhat unhealthy

Very unhealthy

8%

58%

33%

Personal Health

What do you think are the three most important ingredients for a healthy community?

Low crime/safe neighborhoods Low level of domestic violence & child abuse

Good schools Access to healthcare (e.g. family doctor)

Clean environment Affordable housing

Good jobs, healthy economy Healthy behaviors & lifestyles

Religious or spiritual values

Other

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What do you think are the three biggest health problems in your community?

What do you think are the three biggest risk factors for health in your community?

Participant Commentary The second portion of the groups consisted of open-ended dialog questions, asking participants to discuss individual and community health needs. Several hundred narrative comments were collected during the five focus groups. The CACC workgroup reviewed all comments and upon analysis, recognized several universal themes. The comments listed below were reviewed, categorized and selected by the CACC to be included in the CHA. Focus group participants’ responses are presented in seven categories. All comments below were transcribed verbatim. Comments are intentionally written out as they were spoken in the group.

1. Access to and quality of health services

2. Mental Health and addictions

3. Lifestyle: Exercise, Obesity, Nutrition and access to food

4. Dental and/or Vision health

5. Poverty and the economy

6. Chronic disease and/or aging issues

7. Crime, domestic violence and child abuse

Problems from aging such as: arthritis, hearing, vision loss Cancer

Child abuse/domestic violence/rape Dental problems

Diabetes Heart disease or stroke

Infectious disease e.g. Hepatitis, TB, HIV Mental Health problems

Respiratory or lung disease

Other

Alcohol abuse Being overweight

Drug abuse Lack of exercise

Poor eating habits Tobacco use

Not using birth control (unprotected sex) Reckless driving

Not seeing a health provider when you need care

34 - Jackson final version

Access to and Quality of Health Services Focus group participants consistently brought up barriers to accessing health and medical services. Insurance (or lack of), paying for health care services, physically getting to a health care provider (transportation), language barriers, having providers available and the relationship with providers were all common themes in every focus group.

“Insurance needs to be more cost effective for us—I don’t want it for free, but it needs to be more affordable so that we don’t have to choose between feeding my kids or getting medical care.”

“Some clinics don’t want to treat all issues at the same time, they only treat one issue at a time— they ask for multiple appointments—but that requires more paying,deductibles, or copays.

“For years, I’ve been trying to get on OHP but I am over income—so I have to save for emergencies and just deal with my pain.”

“[My biggest concern is] access to healthcare, being able to go to the doctor when you need to, not always going to emergency room.”

“Availability of healthcare—up to a week ago I had no health insurance—I skipped a few doctor appointments which made my chronic conditions worse and cost [more] in the long run.”

“Availability—getting into the doctor or specialists took me six months. You could be dead by then. Even when you have insurance getting in is not always easy.”

“Continuity of care—not all docs on the same page, they all treat differently—not coordinated at all.”

“Negative: Cost of healthcare, even with insurance, is a barrier. Positive: Availability of quality healthcare in our community.”

“Most of the time, we just get over the counter medications or share each others prescription medications and then it gets worse. We can’t afford to get the labs/tests to determine what is wrong too, so it just gets worse.”

“Access isn’t just about insurance—we need more services, access on many different levels. More of all services are needed, addictions, prenatal, all services are needed.”

“Transportation—even those that have chronic diseases—must have insurance but getting to the provider is super difficult.”

35 - Jackson final version

“A woman at the gas station told me she was happy to see a clinic start in Butte Falls—and that it will save peoples’ lives on the road. Older people were driving and either waiting too long or getting in an accident—she told me, in tears, about several that she knew [that] died after leaving the gas station to get to Medford.”

“Somebody might want to get to a workshop but they have no transportation, transportation is a huge need.”

Mental Health and Addictions Challenges with mental illness and addictions weighed heavily on all groups. The effects of both on the individual and community were prevalent in many conversations about what concerned participants and what solutions they wanted to improve their health and the health of their community.

“Mental health problems, people don’t think they can be healthy so they turn into negative thinking. If you are healthy mentally you are less prone to do drugs.”

“The biggest factor is lack of a continuum of mental health supports and services. Services seem to be focused on meeting crisis needs rather than prevention and community support due to lack of funding.”

“Mental illness and substance abuse are huge and costly. Also, the criminalization of mentally ill and addicted individuals is an ineffective and costly approach to dealing with these issues.”

“Just about everyone I know has had an addiction. People with addictions are more sick, can’t get to the doctor, don’t have health insurance and are embarrassed.”

“We need clean needles. I see needles laying around all over the place, in the street, on the sidewalk, its disgusting and I was a user.”

“I am diabetic and used to supply all of Hawthorne Park with hypodermic needles, I got over 200 a month and didn’t need them all. I’m here now (inpatient treatment) so I don’t know who is giving out clean needles.”

“People are scared now—because of more homeless people are in the woods and the drug culture they bring.”

“Substance abuse is another serious issue in our community across all economic levels. Also a lack of adequate mental health services is a big problem.”

36 - Jackson final version

“We need less probation-focused treatment.”

“Pot, heroin, pills and prescription pills. People have gotten pretty creative. Like snorting Excedrin migraine in their nose (in my high school).”

“Two years ago we had a huge problem with inhalants—kids were doing them at football games—whipits with whip cream inhalants. My nephews were killed last year from doing whipits and getting in a car accident.”

“Kids come back from lunch (at my school) visibly high—having smoked their parents’ stash at lunch. Everybody knows who the smokers are here, but there isn’t much we can do about it.”

“Lack of resources [is a problem] they are out there but they are always broken. Bus passes, food banks, etcetera are broke. It’s hard to get to resources. Not a lot of help for women with no children. Jackson County Mental Health only has 12 visits a year—that’s not enough, it’s like you just start getting into your problems and have to stop.”

“Homelessness, limited help for young single people. Hard if you don’t have parents to help you.”

“Out of fifteen of my preschoolers—four were raised by grandparents last year. They aren’t always healthy [the grandparents]—and their health affects the kids and the grandparents. Plus, its stressful to raise your grandkids.”

“Bullying is destroying our future, education systems are atrocious, our country is at the bottom of education scales, (writing, math, science and reading) and it affects our health.”

Lifestyle: Exercise, Obesity, Nutrition and Access to Food The need for lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise were clearly recognized in all groups. Participants were quick to recognize their own challenges with lifestyle change while also making suggestions for solutions such as community gardens, walking groups or farmers markets.

“Habits are hard to break and start from our family going way back. I do what my parents did, and food and life has changed, so should our habits.”

“Unhealthy food seems to be more convenient.”

“Access to resources to live a healthy lifestyle is hard. Food access here is bad—small stores in small communities have mostly processed foods, they can’t afford to bring in fresh out of town produce. That’s made worse with the fact that those with SNAP use their food stamps for

37 - Jackson final version

processed food-the money goes farther with processed food.”

“It costs $20 gas to get to Eagle Point [out of rural town] to a grocery store with good produce, there is no public transit except “‘the thumb .’” (hitchhiking)

“Part of the problem is the lack of real education around nutrition and disease prevention.”

“With no grocery store with produce here, sometimes I call the local café and ask them for a head of lettuce when I need it.”

“As a family—lack of consistent exercise for entire family affects our health—life is busy, exercise becomes last on the list of priorities.”

“Kids don’t play outside—they sit in front of video games.”

Dental and Vision Health Access to dental care and the negative effects of not having both preventive and crisis dental care was a consistent theme among all groups and demographics. Vision health was also mentioned in approximately 60% of the groups, related those living in poverty and not being able to acquire glasses or contacts.

“[There are] lots of dental issues here—all they do is pull your teeth. When you don’t have teeth you lose self esteem.”

“Dental appointments are still 2-3 weeks out even when in pain, what if I have a bad infection? People can die without help.”

“We see kids with swollen face from abscesses and dental problems—their parents are like, “I don’t know what to do, won’t it just heal?” It affects their ability to be at school and learn even when they are there.”

“Vision services—glasses are expensive and if you can’t see you probably can’t work—half the people that we serve at the food bank can’t see the line to sign for their food box.”

“Lack of affordable dental care—if you don’t have teeth, you can’t eat—it’s expensive to get care—fillings, root canals which can lead to other chronic conditions. If it costs you $170-200 to get your teeth cleaned, you probably won’t do it if you can already barely make it.”

“Homeless people don’t have the freedom to eat well, they eat whatever they can get, which is usually not healthy food. Canned chili should not be a staple of anyone’s diet.”

38 - Jackson final version

“The homeless can’t get glasses because of [not having] ID for the Lions Club. ‘Free’ glasses—they aren’t free.”

Poverty and the Economy Poverty and the economy influences individual, family and community health. All groups consistently discussed their influence on health, having lengthy conversations about how improving the economy, jobs and not living in poverty would help improve health.

“No, [we are not healthy] because of homelessness. It’s embarrassing to go to doctor’s office and they ask for address and I don’t have one.”

“I am very concerned at the growing numbers of families needing emergency food who are food insecure, and the lack of affordable housing which is the number one need reported by the families in my program.”

“We are not healthy enough. We have too much poverty, uninsured, lack of public health programs, no affordable housing, too many homeless and jobless.”

“Multiple families are living under one roof since the economy went downhill-it affects everyone’s health.”

“Childcare—hard to get benefits for it if you work and it’s expensive.”

“I think the health of the people in our community varies from very healthy to poor health. Some groups are every physically active and health conscious with good incomes and other sub-groups are impacted by very low incomes, inadequate housing and childcare, which produces high levels of stress and negatively impacts health.”

Chronic Disease and Aging Issues 61% of focus group participants noted that they were currently living with a chronic condition. Several participants also discussed challenges of managing chronic pain, particularly in light of many programs to reduce opioid use in the county.

“I have MS and my husband has diabetes—I bring home preschool kids’colds from work and it affects our health. In small towns you see small epidemics of flu, it goes through the entire town and shuts us down. We can’t function with the flu like big cities do.”

“As our population ages—they have more chronic conditions and can’t get the right medical and support services.”

39 - Jackson final version

“Caregiver fatigue—there is not a lot of money for caregivers so family often does it, they get tired and they have their own health issues like depression, stress, etc.”

“The disabled— the entire group that just fell off Medicare that now won’t get care—hospice care is narrowing and becoming highly medical focused.”

Crime, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Crime and concern about community and individual safety rated as a high concern in nearly all focus groups. Concern about child abuse and domestic violence and their connection to health were noted in all groups.

“Public safety. Cutting Sheriff’s Department. Criminals know public safety is last priority.”

“Need more counseling services and support to help families and dependents with trauma.”

Community Engagement in Solutions All focus groups ended with a question about solutions to the challenges, problems and needs identified in the prior questions. Specifically, the facilitator asked “what do you think we (as a community) can do to enhance the health of our community?” The focus was directed at what solutions participants wanted to be engaged in to address the problems discussed earlier.

All groups, regardless of demographic or location expressed a strong sense of concern about their community and how they could contribute to improving problems. Several solutions and positive comments were stated in every group, some of those comments are as follows:

Suggestions

“Embrace that we are all in this together—find things that help more than myself, but my larger community too.”

“We have a community kitchen, but my problem is awareness and getting them there. I made apple sauce one time and a lady said ‘oh, you can make apple sauce?’ People want to know how to improve their life, they just don’t know how.”

“[We need] education for professionals on addictions, being addicted is a disease, we aren’t all bad people.”

“Make sure I get prenatal care and take care of my baby now so she’s not a drain on the community later.”

40 - Jackson final version

“I will stay clean, be a productive citizen in the community, volunteer work to help others with addictions.”

“We need more opportunities to keep young people [get] active in good ways instead of getting into trouble.”

“[We need] more things at schools to give youth direction. Now that I’m clean and sober, I realize I wasted 44 years in my life-now I want to help and develop myself with education.”

“The meth commercial where they chase the addict like we are a horrible pople, that makes us more separate. Instead, maybe the commercial should be a hand reaching out to help us with problems. Reach out to the addict, don’t chase us.”

“Education is key. sometimes it’s about breaking cycles and learning new ways. Education can be many different levels.”

“I appreciate that all three CCOs are working together for this, it’s hopeful. I am really glad that they are listening.”

“Develop creative affordable ways to provide community service supports to those suffering from mental illness to reduce isolation, support recovery, and prevent re-hospitalization.”

“Build and initiate pubic health programs that have community buy-in. Involve public in CCO process.”

41 - Jackson final version

Key Informant Interviews: System of Care Strengths and Opportunities

Several community leaders working in the health care sector were interviewed to gain

additional insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the health system of care in Jackson

County.

Individuals and organizations were recommended to the consultant by members of the

CACC and CCO staff. All key informant interviews were completed by the consultant and

anonymity of name and title was provided. Key Informants were recommended based on their

organization affiliation, role in providing medical, mental, behavioral or addictions treatment

to Jackson county residents.

Organizations represented in the key informant interviews

Addictions Recovery Center

Jackson County Health and Human Services

La Clinica

Southern Oregon Head Start

Jackson County Public Health

Asante

Oregon Health Authority

HASL Center for Independent Living

Jackson County Mental Health

Jefferson Regional Health Alliance

Key Informant Questions

All key informants were asked the following questions:

1. What are your organization’s major contributions to the local health system of care?

2. What challenges do you see that may affect your work (upcoming changes in legislation, funding, technology, new collaborations, etc.)?

42 - Jackson final version

Themes

Key informants universally talked about unmet needs of their communities, changing partnerships, increased complexity of administration, changing paradigms to improve care, a desire to reduce barriers to care and prevention activities when discussing their organization’s contributions to the community and system of care.

“Sometimes you know you have a great service that is meeting tremendous need for real people, but if you can’t bill and get paid for the staff doing it, you can’t keep doing it.” —Key Informant

While the desire for integration and improving patient outcomes was strong, the challenges that come with changing payment systems, legislative pressures and changes, the unmet needs of many patients, and consistently poor health status of patients and the community at large were listed by key informants.

“There are so many metrics of success and pieces interrelated in our transformation, it is very, very complex. Local, state and federal changes are happening very quickly. We are really seeing how interrelated the system is as we push one place and the result comes out somewhere else. Relationships and communication are more important to improve our health system, than ever before. Some of our communities will succeed at this and some will not. ” —Key Informant

43 - Jackson final version

The Community Health Improvement Plan & Next Steps Utilizing the CHA for Planning

The Jackson County Community Health Assessment (CHA) draws attention to numerous opportunities for health improvement at the individual and community level. While the CHA identifies many critical health issues, it is not inclusive of every possible health- related issue. Instead, it was intended to provide a macro view of available community data and help to identify community trends. The CHA was successful in that purpose as well as engaging new community members in prioritizing what health status issues were important and where additional focus and data was needed.

The CHA was the first step in an ongoing process of community health assessment, planning and improvement. The natural progression of the community planning process is to prioritize health status issues and implement strategies to improve them. The prioritization process and document is titled the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP).

“Pick the top three health problems in my community?! How can I only pick three, they are all important!” –Focus Group Participant

Prioritizing future efforts to address individual and community health is imperative. Individuals, organizations and communities in Jackson County do not have unlimited resources to change all health status problems at once. Prioritizing efforts that are most likely to succeed and have the biggest positive impact on individual and community health must happen first. Strategies that are most likely to improve health outcomes, improve health of individuals and reduce health care costs ties the CHIP to the CCO Triple Aim. The prioritization conversation will not be one time process but will be dynamic.

The next step of the CCO community health process will entail community discussion about the community health assessment findings followed by establishing short term, intermediate and long-term strategies to address prioritized individual and community health problems. The prioritization process should be based on the quantitative and qualitative data presented in the community health assessment document and complemented with additional community input.

44 - Jackson final version

Top 3 Health Problems: Focus Groups Jackson County 2013

1. Mental Health Problems

2. Dental Problems

3. Problems from Aging

Top 3 Ingredients for A Healthy Community Jackson County 2013

1. Access to health care

2. Good jobs and a healthy economy

3. Good schools

Top 3 Risk Factors/Behaviors Related to a Healthy Community Jackson County 2013

1. Drug Abuse

2. Not seeing a health care provider when you needed to (access)

3. Alcohol abuse, overweight, poor eating habits

Strategies for addressing health problems, behaviors related to health or ingredients for building a health community should be based on best practice/standards, potential community impact, cost and feasibility. Additionally, strategies for health improvement should be linked to indicators that are already being tracked in the community, to better enable the evaluation of progress and success of the chosen strategies. This will aid in reducing duplication of effort and provide a mechanism for more consistent and continuous measurement of progress. CCO metrics and local, state and national public health indicators are suggested possible indicators.

45 - Jackson final version

Identifying additional data needs and working with local, state and federal organizations to meet those needs will also need to be considered in the CHIP. County specific data on health status by race and ethnicity is an example of a continuing data need. Dental access and outcomes is another area of data needs, among many others. Having adequate data to understand problems in the community is imperative in planning appropriate strategies and solutions. Advocating for access to county level data that is helpful for CCO and CAC planning will need to be a continuing strategy in the CHIP.

Engagement of the CAC will continue to be instrumental in the process, as will listening to community member priorities and concerns. The work of improving the health of people in Jackson County will happen with collaborative and adaptable efforts as we move forward through health care transformation and integration.

For hard copies of this report, please contact:

AllCare Health Plan: 1-888-460-0185, [email protected]

Jackson Care Connect: 1-855-722-8208, [email protected]

Primary Health of Josephine County: 1-541-471-2687, [email protected]

Please list the following as source when referring to data from this report: “Jackson & Josephine County Community Health Assessment 2013”

46 - Jackson final version

47

Jackson County Community Health Assessment Data Sources Sampling of Available Data Sources 2012-2013

Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Alcohol & Other Drugs

Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/2012%20 Student%20Wellness/Jackson.pdf

Underage Drinking: http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ amh/ad/jackson-underage.pdf

*Epidemiological Data on Alcohol, Drugs and Mental Health 2000 to 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/ad/data/jackson. pdf

Adult Alcohol Use Fact Sheet: http://www.oregon. gov/oha/amh/ad/jackson-adult.pdf

National Survey on Drug Use and Health State Rankings-Prescription Drug Use

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/NSDUH115/ sr115-nonmedical-use-pain-relievers.htm

2011 National Survey on Drug use & Health All drugs

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k11Results/ NSDUHresults2011.pdf

*Oregon Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center- county level crime and drug data

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/Pages/SAC.aspx

Behavioral Health

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority5-substanceabuseand behavioralhealth.pdf

Barriers to Effective Suicide Prevention- Jackson County Suicide Prevention Coalition- June 2013

No link, electronic copy in files

Suicides in Oregon: Trends and Risk Factors 2012 Report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/InjuryFatalityData/Documents/ NVDRS/Suicide%20in%20Oregon%202012%20 report.pdf

Jackson County Mental Health and Addiction Services Biennial Implementation Plan 2013-2015

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/CountyPlans/ Jackson%20County%20BIP%202013-2015.pdf

*Specific 2000-2012 Epidemiology Alcohol, Drugs, MH (also included in Alcohol and Drugs)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/ad/data/jackson. pdf

Jackson County’s Implementation Plan for 2009-11 (focus on services)

http://www.localcommunities.org/lc/029/FSLO- 1218048324-50029.pdf

Jackson County Community Crisis Response Project 2008-Jefferson Regional Health Alliance (JRHA) Report

http://www.jeffersonregionalhealthalliance.org/ My%20Web%20Files/Community%20Crisis%20 Response%20Foundations%20Presentation%20 Final.pdf

JRHA Behavioral Health Initiative Mapping Project 2006

http://www.jeffersonregionalhealthalliance.org/ My%20Web%20Files/JRHA%20Mapping%20 Project%200313-1606.pdf

SAMHSA Oregon State Brief http://www.samhsa.gov/data/StatesInBrief/2k9/OREGON_508.pdf

SAMHSA Adolescent Behavioral Health Brief-State

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/StatesInBrief/2k9/ OASTeenReportOR.pdf

SAMHSA Data Sources-various reports and search functions, some state, some sub- state

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/States_In_Brief_ Reports.aspx

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Children/ Youth

Kindergarten Readiness Assessment 2008 Results- No link, electronic copy in files Assessment revised 2010-12 and will be used starting in 2013-14 school year. Updates at: http:// www.ode.state.or.us/search/page/?id=3908

*Children First for Oregon report 2011 http://www.cffo.org/images/pdf_downloads/county_data_books/Jackson%20County.pdf

Free & Reduced Lunch ODE http://www.ode.state.or.us/sfda/reports/r0061Select.asp

Youth Suicide Attempts in Oregon Adolescent Data System 2007 Data Report

Fact Sheet: http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/SafeLiving/SuicidePrevention/ Documents/factsheet.pdf (2007 data)

Full 2007 report- No link, electronic copy in files

Suicide, Suicide Attempts, and Ideation among Adolescents in Oregon, Oregon Health Authority, March 2012

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/InjuryFatalityData/Documents/ Suicide%2csuicide%20Attempts%2c%20 and%20ideation%20among%20Adolescents%20 in%20Oregon%202010.pdf

Oregon Plan for Youth Suicide Prevention (data old, use mainly for strategies)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/SafeLiving/SuicidePrevention/ Documents/YSuicide.pdf

*Oregon Healthy Teen Survey-County Specific data 2007-2008

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/ OregonHealthyTeens/results/2007/county/ Documents/jackson8.pdf (8th grade)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/ OregonHealthyTeens/results/2007/county/ Documents/jackson11.pdf (11th grade)

*Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012(duplicate)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/2012%20 Student%20Wellness/Jackson.pdf

National Survey of Children’s Health (CDC)- LOTS of state specific data- Oregon Children’s Profile Included as PDF

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/slaits/nsch.htm

*Kids Count Data Book 2012-Oregon data http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/bystate/ stateprofile.aspx?state=OR&group=Grantee&loc=5 357&dt=1%2c3%2c2%2c4

Oregon Child Health 2010 Data & resource guide

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/Babies/Documents/oregon- child-health-2010-data-and-resource-guide.pdf

*Child Welfare Data Book http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/abuse/pages/publications/children/index.aspx

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Community Assessments & Plans

Oregon Public Health Community Health Assessment Clearinghouse

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ providerpartnerresources/evaluationresearch/ communityhealthassessmentclearinghouse/pages/ index.aspx

*Public Health Annual Plan

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ LocalHealthDepartmentResources/Documents/ Jackson_County_Annual_Plan_2013_update.pdf (2013-14)

FY 2012 PRC Community Health Needs Assessment (Asante Health System)

http://www.asante.org/app/files/public/1603/2012- Community-Health-Needs-Assessment.pdf

Jackson County Oregon Community Needs Assessment 2011

http://www.accesshelps.org/Files/2011%20 Community%20Needs%20Assessment.pdf

Providence Health and Services- Community Health Needs Assessment 2011-13

http://oregon.providence.org/ptkattachments/ FormsInstructions/CHNA-FINALfull_appendix.pdf

Southern OR Summary (2011), no link, electronic copy in files

Oregon Health Improvement Plan 2010- 2020

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ HealthSystemTransformation/ OregonHealthImprovementPlan/Documents/hip_ plan.pdf

Oregon State Health Profile 2012 http://public.health.oregon.gov/About/Documents/oregon-state-health-profile.pdf

Oregon Child Development Coalition Community Assessment- Migrant Seasonal Head Start Program 2009

http://www.ocdc.net/Live/content/downloads/ JACKSONCOUNTY_CA.pdf

Crime

Oregon Annual Uniform Crime Reports- County Specific Tables throughout

http://www.oregon.gov/osp/CJIS/docs/2010/2010_ annual_report.pdf

*County Criminal Justice Fact Sheet- Oregon Criminal Justice Commission 9-2- 2010

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/docs/jackson_co_cj_ fact_sheet.pdf

*DUII Data Book for Oregon Counties, 1999-2008

http://library.state.or.us/ repository/2009/200906301527262/1999-2008. pdf (Jackson on Page 24)

*Oregon Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center- county level crime and drug data

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/Pages/SAC.aspx

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Chronic Disease

Oregon Living Well Data Report-2012- note, data just on study participants, not general population

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/LivingWell/ Documents/Reports/statedata12.pdf

*Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) County Level Data 2008- 2011- limited data on chronic disease, preventable health screening, and modifiable risk behaviors among adults

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Pages/pubs. aspx#data

Chronic Conditions: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20I.pdf

Health protective and risk factors among adults, by race and ethnicity, http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Documents/ table_3_race_oversample_2010-2011.pdf

Preventable Health Screenings: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20III.pdf

Tobacco Prevalence: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20IV.pdf

*Keeping Oregonians Healthy: Preventing Chronic Diseases by reducing tobacco, diet, promoting physical activity & preventive screenings 2007- GREAT TABLES pages 132-148

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Documents/ healthor.pdf

*The Burden of Asthma in Oregon: 2013 Oregon Asthma Program

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Asthma/Pages/ burdenrpt.aspx

Oregon Environmental Public Health Tracking Program - Asthma Report 2000 – 2011

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/ EnvironmentalPublicHealthTracking/Documents/ Reports/AsthmaReport.pdf

Oregon Arthritis Report 2011 – County Specific Data throughout report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Arthritis/ Documents/arthrpt11.pdf

Diabetes Atlas- National Data http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/

*Heart Disease & Stroke in Oregon 2010- Pages 7-10, County Specific Tables

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ HeartDiseaseStroke/Documents/heartstroke_ update2010.pdf

Communicable Disease

*Communicable Disease Summary 2011- great county level maps of infection throughout report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ DiseaseSurveillanceData/AnnualReports/arpt2011/ Documents/ACD_report2011forWEB.pdf

Flu/CD DHS Pandemic Influenza Emergency Management Plan 2008

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ DiseaseSurveillanceData/Influenza/Documents/ panfluplan.pdf

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Compilations

*Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS) Survey 2006-2009 (ALL DATA)

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/AdultBehaviorRisk/ county/index/Pages/index.aspx

*Oregon Health Authority Data Sets/ Reports (data DHS client data, health data etc.)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/pages/data/index.aspx

DHS January 2013 County Quick facts http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/aboutdhs/dhsbudget/ Documents/county-quick-facts-2013.pdf

Demographic

*Census Quick Facts-2010 April http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/41029.html

*Oregon Vital Statistics County Data 2011 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/VitalStatistics/annualreports/ CountyDataBook/cdb2011/Pages/index.aspx

School Enrollment Data: Student Ethnicity 2011-2012 School Year (by district)

http://www.ode.state.or.us/sfda/reports/ r0067Select2.asp

Census: by zip code 2010 http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/spwpd/sua/docs/demographic/2010-state-zipcode-pop.xls

*Oregon Office of Rural Health-Annual Report and community reports- 2009

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/publications/upload/2009-Year-End- Report-Printable.pdf

Community Reports in electronic files

Household composition-By County. PSU Population Research Center

http://mkn.research.pdx.edu/2011/09/whos-home- a-look-at-households-and-housing-in-oregon/

Migration & the economy trends Oregon & county. PSU Population Research Center 2011

http://mkn.research.pdx.edu/2011/05/slow- economy-tempered-oregon-population-growth- over-decade/

Most recent Oregon Population Reports by county: PSU 2012

http://www.pdx.edu/prc/annual-oregon- population-report

**Communities Reporter: Oregon- Best Viewed ON-LINE

http://oe.oregonexplorer.info/rural/ CommunitiesReporter/

Jackson County Community Conditions (11-13-12) No link- in electronic files

Snapshot of Jackson and Josephine Counties (7-12-2012) No link- in electronic files

Southern Oregon Regional Profile http://www.oregoncf.org/Templates/media/files/regional_profiles/southern_or_profile_2011.pdf

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Environmental Health

Public water systems-online data http://170.104.63.9/

Adult Blood Lead Reporting in Oregon 2006-2010

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/9563-AdultLeadReport-FINAL-web_ version.pdf

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Air Quality Annual Report (city specific)

http://www.deq.state.or.us/aq/forms/2011AirQuali tyAnnualReport.pdf

JACKSON COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION ANNUAL REPORT http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Page.asp?NavID=3746

Health Equity

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority1-healthequity.pdf

*NW Health Foundation State of Equity report 2011

http://nwhf.org/images/files/Oregon_State_of_ Equity_Report.pdf

OHA Health Equity Report 2012 No link- in electronic files

CHI Advancing equity in Health Care Reform Implementation 11-2012 No link- in electronic files

National Academy for State Health Policy- State Policymakers’ Guide for Advancing Health Equity Through Health Reform Implementation- August 2012

http://www.nashp.org/sites/default/files/advancing. equity.health.reform.pdf

*Institute of Medicine Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial & Ethnic Disparities in HC: Administrators Brief

http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20 Files/2003/Unequal-Treatment-Confronting- Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparities-in-Health-Care/ DisparitiesAdmin8pg.pdf

Health Rankings

Oregon Benchmarks http://benchmarks.oregon.gov/BMCountyData. aspx

*County Health Rankings 2013 http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/ oregon/2013/jackson/county/outcomes/overall/ snapshot/by-rank

Intimate Partner Violence & Child Abuse

Costs of Intimate Partner Violence in Oregon 2005

http://alliancetoendviolenceagainstwomen.org/wp- content/uploads/2012/07/IPVCosts.pdf

Oregon Violence Against Women Violence Prevention Plan 2005 No link- in electronic files

*IPV Deaths-OHA report 2012 http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/indicators/ intimpartnerviolence.pdf

Oregon DHS Child Welfare Data Book (duplicate)

http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/abuse/pages/ publications/children/index.aspx

Injury

Oregon Health Authority Trauma Registry 2010-2011- Page 22, County level data

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ providerpartnerresources/emstraumasystems/ traumasystems/pages/registry.aspx

State Injury Prevention Policy Report 2012 http://healthyamericans.org/reports/injury12/release.php?stateid=OR

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Obesity, Physical Activity & Nutrition

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority3-obesity.pdf

*Oregon Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity & Nutrition(PAN) Facts, 2012 DHS- county specific table on pages 50-57

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/PhysicalActivity/Documents/ Oregon_PANfactst_2012.pdf

Healthy Active Oregon: Statewide Physical Activity & Nutrition Plan 2007-2012

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/PhysicalActivity/Documents/ PAN_rpt_07.pdf

Oregon DMV Records Report: Obesity Surveillance 2012 (cool report)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/ EnvironmentalPublicHealthTracking/Documents/ Reports/EPHT_DMV_obesity_tracking.pdf

Leightman Maxey Foundation Nutrition Education Symposium Strategic Roadmap Project Final Report (8-16-11)

No link- in electronic files

Occupational Injury

Occupational Health in Oregon 2009

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/OPHP_Occupational%20health%20 in%20Oregon.pdf

Oregon Occupational Health Indicators 2000-2009 data

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/OHI_2000_2009.pdf

Oral Health/ Dental

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority4-oralhealth.pdf

*Oregon Smile Survey 2012 https://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/oralhealth/Pages/Oral-Health- Publications.aspx

Pew States Report on Dental Sealants 2013 http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_ Assets/2013/Pew_dental_sealants_report.pdf

Burden of Oral Disease in Oregon 2006 No link- in electronic files

Poverty

2011 Report on Poverty-Oregon Housing & Community Services

http://www.oregon.gov/ohcs/isd/ra/docs/2011_ oregon_poverty_report.pdf (page 32)

Ending Homelessness-10-year plan to end Homelessness in Oregon

Jackson County Report

http://www.oregon.gov/ohcs/pdfs/2011_ehac_ annual_report.pdf

http://www.co.jackson.or.us/files/10 Year_Plan_to_ End_Homelessness.pdf

Key Workforce Challenges: More Severe in Oregon’s Rural Areas November 2012

http://www.qualityinfo.org/olmisj/ ArticleReader?itemid=00008442

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Prenatal/ Maternal Health

Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 1998-2008 data by topic- state data

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/DataReports/prams/Pages/ topics.aspx

Oregon Perinatal Data Book 2007 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/DataReports/ PerinatalDataBook/Pages/index.aspx

*Oregon Home Visiting Needs Assessment Report 2012-County Specific starts on page 50

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/Babies/HomeVisiting/ Documents/Jackson.pdf

Women, Infant and Children (WIC) Program County Specific Fact Sheets

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/wic/Documents/annual/ annual_jackson.pdf

ALERT Childhood Immunization Rates- 2 year old completion(County Specific)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/VaccinesImmunization/ Documents/county/Jackson.pdf

Rural Health Care Access

OHA Report: Oregon’s Uninsured Analysis 2011. County Level Data, Pages 10-14

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/OHPR/RSCH/docs/ uninsured/oregonuninsured_2009finalreport.pdf

Oregon Health Plan Managed Care Enrollment Reports-Monthly by County- View On-line

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/healthplan/pages/ data_pubs/enrollment/main.aspx

OHA Economically Disadvantaged & Uninsured Populations 2012

No link- in electronic files

Oregon Federally Qualified Rural Health Clinic Report 2011

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/clinics/upload/2011-RHC-Report-for-the- web.pdf

*Oregon Office of Rural Health 2012 Areas of Unmet HC Need in Rural Oregon Report- County Specific Tables throughout

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/upload/2012-Unmet-Need-Report.pdf

Oregon Office of Rural Health Community Profiles

No link- in electronic files

*SUMMARY- 2012 MUA, HPSA and Unmet Need report Oregon by city/county

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/upload/Designations-of-Health-Care- Shortage-Report.pdf

Seniors Rogue Valley Council of Governments Area Agency on Aging 2013-2016 Area Plan http://www.rvcog.org/ftp/2013-2016_RVCOG_ Area_Agency_on_Aging_Four-Year_Area_ Plan/2013-2016_RVCOG_AAA_Area_Plan.pdf

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Tobacco

Oregon Tobacco Facts & Laws 2011 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ tobfacts.pdf

OHP Tobacco Cessation Services Report 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/healthplan/ DataReportsDocs/2012%20Tobacco%20 Cessation%20Services%20Survey.pdf

Oregon Tobacco Quit Line Data https://www.box.com/quitlinereports/

*Oregon County Tobacco Fact Sheet http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ countyfacts/jackfac.pdf

Oregon Quit line Utilization Dashboard County Report-NOVEMBER 2012 report

all months site link: http://public.health.oregon. gov/PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Pages/ pubs.aspx#quitlinedashboard

Burden of Tobacco among Medicaid clients in Oregon

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ medicaidburden.pdf

*Vital Signs: Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults Aged >18 Years with Mental Illness- United States 2009-2011

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ mm6205a2.htm?s_cid=mm6205a2_w

4 page consumer fact sheet: http://www.cdc.gov/ VitalSigns/pdf/2013-02-vitalsigns.pdf

Transportation Report on Existing Conditions, United We Ride Plan, for Rogue Valley 2012 http://www.ammatransitplanning.com/ clientp01/client01sub1/UWR_Existing%20 Conditions_071312.docx

Community Health Assessment Focus Group Guide & Questions

We asked you to come here today to provide input to the Josephine Jackson County community health assessment project. The purpose of the focus group is to learn from you what you think about health and what, in your opinion, affects your, your family’s, and your community’s health and wellness. AllCare, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect are sponsoring these groups, and the information will be used to increase our understanding of community health issues and for planning our programs and services so that they fit the needs of the community. There will be lots of questions today, most that we won’t be able to answer today. We will record your questions and they will be included in our report.

Once we hear from our other groups, we can send information about what we learned and what we are doing with the information to anyone who is interested. We will also have a final report and action plan that details everything we hear during these meetings.

Polling Questions

1. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important ingredients for a “Healthy Community?” (Those factors which most improve the quality of life in a community.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Good place to raise children ___ Low level of child abuse/domestic violence ___ Good schools ___ Access to health care (e.g., family doctor) ___ Parks and recreation ___ Clean environment ___ Affordable housing ___ Good jobs and healthy economy ___ Healthy behaviors and lifestyles ___ Religious or spiritual values ___ Other______________

56

57

2. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important “health problems” in our community? (Those problems which have the greatest impact on overall community health.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Problems from aging such as (e.g., arthritis,hearing/vision loss, etc.) ___ Cancer ___ Child abuse /domestic violence/rape ___ Dental problems ___ Diabetes ___ Heart disease and stroke ___ Infectious Diseases (e.g., hepatitis, TB, etc.) ___ Mental health problems ___ Respiratory / lung disease

___ Other ___________________

3. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important “risky behaviors” in our community? (Those behaviors which have the greatest impact on overall community health.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Alcohol abuse ___ Being overweight ___ Drug abuse ___ Lack of exercise ___ Poor eating habits ___ Tobacco use ___ Not using birth control (unprotected sex) ___ Reckless driving ___ Not seeing a health provider when you need care ___ Other____

4. How would rate our community as a “Healthy Community?”

___ Very unhealthy ___ Unhealthy ___ Somewhat healthy ___ Healthy ___ Very healthy 5. How would you rate your personal health?

___ Very unhealthy ___ Unhealthy ___ Somewhat healthy ___ Healthy ___ Very healthy

58

6.. How do you pay for most of your health care?

___ Pay cash (no insurance) ___ Health insurance (e.g., private insurance, Blue Shield, HMO) ___ Medicaid (OHP) ___ Medicare ___ Veterans’ Administration ___ Indian Health Services ___ Other ____________________

7. Have you had a dental exam/teeth cleaning in the last 12 months? _____Yes _____ No

8. I currently live with a chronic disease like Diabetes, Asthma, Heart Disease, Arthritis, COPD or other chronic condition.

___ Yes ___No

9. I have received health care services when I needed them in the last 12 months.

Strongly agree Agree Somewhat agree Neutral Somewhat disagree Disagree Strongly disagree

10. What county do you live in?

Josephine Jackson

11. What is your age?

59

25 or under 26-39 40-54 55-64 65 or over

12. What is your sex?

Female Male

13. Which ethnic group do you most identify with?

African American/Black Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic/Latino Native American White/Caucasian Biracial/more than one Other

14. What is your marital status?

Married or living with somebody Not married, dating, single, widowed or divorced

15. What is the highest level of education you have completed?

Less than high school diploma High school diploma or GED College degree or certificate Advanced Degree (masters or more) Other

16. What is your approximate annual household income?

Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $49,000 $50,000-$75,000 Over $75,000 I don’t know

60

Discussion Questions: Do you think people in your community are healthy? Why? Why not? What affects the health of you & your family the most? Tell me about your biggest health concern in your community? What do you think we (as a community) can do to enhance health?

Draft Community Health Assessment

Jackson County

2013

George Adams Don Bruland Larry Gershowitz Diane Hoover Sandi Larsen Laura McKeane Meadow Martell Rich Rohde Ed Smith-Burns Caryn Wheeler Cynthia Ackerman Shannon Cronin Bevin Hansell Heidi Hill Jennifer Lind Maggie Rollins Belle Shepherd Kari Swoboda

Acknowledgements

Primary Consultant, Technical Writer

Vanessa A Becker, M.P.H., Principal. V Consulting & Associates Inc.

www.vconsults.com

A special thanks to:

Introduction The purpose of the Community Health Assessment (CHA) is to provide a macro view of community health issues in Josephine and Jackson Counties. It completes this by cataloging and reviewing applicable data related to the health of the community at a county level. The process of the CHA is as important and vital to the community as the document that is produced. The document assists Coordinated Care Organizations in planning and prioritizing efforts that ultimately improve health outcomes, the health of individuals and communities and reduce health care costs. The process serves to engage community members in identifying trends and opportunities to improve the health of their community. The primary audience of the process and the resulting CHA document is the CCO Community Advisory Council (CAC) membership.

Three Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) came together in January of 2013 to collaborate on a single, collective community health assessment over two counties in Southwestern Oregon. Pooling resources, reducing duplication of effort and meeting funding mandates motivated the three organizations to secure a contract with a consultant to lead and facilitate a community health assessment. The Josephine and Jackson Community Health Assessment was completed to meet the needs for AllCare Health Plan, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect.

The Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model was the basis of the Community Health Assessment process. The MAPP process is a national best practice and recognized by the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) as a process for community health assessment. Due to the resources and time required for a thorough MAPP process, the collaborative agreed upon a modified MAPP model with a time line of January 2013-December 2013.

Data used in the community health assessment included secondary data sets, those data sets that were collected by another organization or group. These included needs assessments, census and other demographic data, epidemiology data on incidence, prevalence and percentages of health status at local, county, state and national population groups. Primary data, collected by those leading the Jackson and Josephine County Community Health Assessment, was also collected via key informant interviews and several focus groups across both counties.

The CHA document begins by outlining the process that was completed in 2013, then proceeds to list notable demographic trends in each county, identify individual and community health status issues and ends with a summary of community perceptions of health. Suggestions for next steps for the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) are found at the end of each county section.

Although the full document separates both counties into their own reports, health status data, demographic trends and focus group data were similar across both counties. Focus group and key informant data were also fairly consistent with the demographic and epidemiological picture of the counties, with few distinct differences.

The Community Health Assessment is not meant to be a static document or an all-inclusive document. It is designed to complement other community efforts, plans and assessments and will be added to and changed over the next several years as community health and perceptions of health change. The CHA is not intended to be a rigorous research study, a catalog of service gaps, nor is it designed to extensively evaluate the efficacy and validity of existing community data. Instead, it is intended to provide a macro view of available community data and help to identity community trends to assist with planning.

“I appreciate that all three CCOs are working together on this—it’s hopeful. I’m super glad they are listening. —Focus Group Participant

Community Health Assessment (CHA) Process Josephine and Jackson Counties 2013

Preliminary data collection: Identify previous community assessments

Secondary quantitative data collection

Process Activity

Web based search

Key informant interviews

Analysis of secondary data for themes: Review and prioritize health status data

Health status data review

Review by consultant, CACC (Committee of reps from all 4 CACs working on CHA)

Collection of primary data: Collect qualitative data Community focus groups

Site champions (from CACC) work w/ consultant to complete focus groups

Key informant interviews of professionals in health sector

Final inventory and analysis: Incorporate health status data priorities, focus group data, key informant interviews

Review by Consultant, CACC for themes, prioritization of what to present and needs for future data collection

Write and share: Community Health Assessment document

Document presented for approval by: 1. CACC, to 2. CACs to 3. CCO Boards

Timeline

Spring 2013

September 2013

October 2013

November 2013

Winter/Spring 2013

Process The Jackson and Josephine county Community Health Assessment synthesizes several months of collecting, cataloging and reviewing data related to the health of residents living in Jackson and Josephine county. The process represents collaboration with three Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) and spans two counties in Southwestern Oregon. It is the first step in an ongoing process of community health assessment, planning and improvement.

The purpose of the Community Health Assessment (CHA) is to provide a macro view of community health issues in the county. This is accomplished by cataloging and reviewing applicable community health status data and gathering additional data from the community about their health priorities and perceptions. The process serves to engage community members in identifying trends and opportunities to improve the health of their community. The resulting CHA document assists organizations in planning and prioritizing efforts that ultimately lead to the triple aim of improving health outcomes, improving individual and community health, and reducing costs.

Community Health Assessments are required for Coordinated Care Organizations. Three CCOs came together in January of 2013 and decided to collaborate on a single, collective community health assessment. The Josephine and Jackson County Community Health Assessment was designed to meet the needs for AllCare Health Plan, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect Coordinated Care Organizations and their four Community Advisory Councils (CACs).

Framework and Process A desire to pool resources, reduce duplication of effort and meet mandates motivated the collaborative orgainzations to secure a contract with a consultant to lead and facilitate the community health assessment. A contract was secured with V Consulting & Associates to lead the process and provide technical writing.

The Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model was then chosen as the basis of the Community Health Assessment process. The MAPP process is a national best practice and recognized by the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) as a process for community health assessment. MAPP enables enhanced understanding of the complex influences on community health, through thoughtful and deliberate data collection and analysis. Due to the resources and time required for a thorough MAPP process, the collaborative group agreed upon a modified MAPP model with a time line of January 2013-December 2013.

The work of the CHA was completed by the consultant and a workgroup of representatives from all four CACs. The workgroup was titled the Community Advisory Council CHA Committee (CACC). CACC members provided leadership to the process, assisted with primary data collection and focus groups, and were advocates for the process to their CCO Board of Directors and the larger community. Engagement of the CAC members (via the CACC) was vital to the process, providing an opportunity for the CAC to meet Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR) requirements for overseeing the Community Health Assessment, increase individual knowledge about community health and health care transformation.

The CACC reviewed and edited the first preliminary draft of the CHA document. The four CAC’s were then given an opportunity to review the document and then recommend the document be accepted and submitted to the Oregon Health Authority by the CCO Board of Directors by their January 1, 2014 deadline.

CHNA Required by IRS Focus is to identify and assess access and needs of community the hospital is serving.

Documentation must include written report.

See Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requirements for 501(c)3 hospitals. Led by hospital

Every 3 years

CCO Required by Oregon Health Authority Purpose is to assess entire community served by CCO, not just Medicaid population. Tied to responsibility of CCO in creating the Triple Aim: Better care, better health and reduced costs.

Led by CCO, with CAC involvement.

Proposed to be every 3 years

Public Health Accreditation

Required by Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB)

Collaborative process resulting in a comprehensive community health Assessment.

Led by County Public Health with collabrative partners.

Every 5 years (could be on a 3 year cycle)

BIP Required by Oregon Health Authority Collaborative process resulting in a comprehensive community health Assessment.

Led by County Public Health with collabrative partners.

Every 5 years (could be on a 3 year cycle)

Plans and Processes requiring Community Health Assessments

Community Health Needs Assessment

Biennial Improvement Plan

Coordinated Care Organization

Data Assumptions and Priorities The large volume of available data sets necessitated setting priorities about what data to collect and analyze. Collecting and cataloging data was completed with the following assumptions and priorities.

• Data accessible online was preferable—particularly if able to save in PDF or another readable/printable format

• Collect data on entire community, not just on Medicaid/Oregon Health Plan population, identify county specific data when available

• Collect epidemiology data on health status, prevalence, incidence of disease • Collect data on social determinants of health-such as poverty, unemployment,

homelessness • Collect data on services related to health • Collect data within the last seven years, the newer the data the better • Older data was allowed if there was lack of data in that particular type of data • Data on chronic disease, mental and behavioral health and addictions were

emphasized • Data updated regularly and/or part of a larger, reliable data system/ tracking effort

Data assumptions and priorities were established at the onset of the MAPP process in January 2013. The initial data collection and analysis (meta-analysis) took place from January to May of 2013. Results from the meta-analysis were presented to the CACs and CCO boards in May. All data that was collected was cataloged into a spreadsheet titled the “data sources.” The data sources document was and will be continually added to and serve as a community resource of available health status data. PDF versions of all available data sets and assessments were organized in a series of online folders—ensuring accessibility for all leadership team and CAC members.

Types of Data The community health assessment included secondary data sets, those data sets that were collected by another organization or group. These included existing needs assessments, epidemiology data on incidence, prevalence and percentages of health status at local, county, state and national population groups. Secondary data at the local (zip code) and county level was utilized when available. Primary data, data collected by those leading the CHA, was also collected via key informant interviews and focus groups across Jackson and Josephine county.

Limitations The Community Health Assessment is not meant to stand on its own, but is a process and document designed to complement other community efforts, plans and assessments. It is not a complete collection of all community health needs or health data. It relies heavily on secondary data assessments and there are many notable gaps in readily available local, county, state and national data. The CHA is also not a rigorous research study, nor is it designed to extensively evaluate the efficacy and validity of existing community data. While the CHA identifies many critical health issues, it is not inclusive of every possible health-related issue. Instead, it is intended to provide a macro view of available community data, help to identify community trends, and help to illustrate the need for more detailed local data.

The CHA document is a dynamic and changing document and will be added to and changed over the next several years as community health and perceptions of health change.

Contents Jackson County: People and Place 1 Location and Physical Characteristics

Demographic Trends & Population Characteristics Migration and Growth

Growth in Elderly Population

Poverty

Homelessness

Education

Disabilities

Crime

Health Status: Individual and Community Health 11 County Health Rankings

Morbidity & Mortality in Jackson County Chronic Disease & Conditions

Mental Health

Addictions

Health Behavior & Lifestyle Factors Tobacco

Obesity

Additional Social Determinants of Health Food Insecurity

Health System Access to Medical Care

Community Perceptions of Health 29 Focus Groups

Key Informant Interviews: System of Care Strengths and Opportunities

The Community Health Improvement Plan & Next Steps Utilizing the CHA for Planning

Jackson County Community Health Assessment Data Sources Sampling of Available Data Sources 2012-2013

Focus Group Guide & Questions

1 - Jackson final version

Jackson County: People and Place Location and Physical Characteristics

Jackson County is a county located in Southwestern Oregon along the border with California. It is considered one of the more rugged parts of the state with multiple climates and geography within its 2,081 square miles. The terrain and geography is diverse including large broad valleys, deep river valleys and sparsely populated mountainous areas. There are hundreds of hills, valleys and waterways including the Rogue River and Bear Creek.

Interstate 5 (I-5) runs through the county and the only urban areas lie along the I-5 corridor, in the broader valley areas of Medford and Ashland. The total population in Jackson County is 206,412 (2012). The population centers in Jackson County include Medford, Ashland, Phoenix, Central Point and Talent. These centers account for 60% of the total county population, with the remaining 40% of the county population living in many thinly populated rural areas. There are 11 incorporated cities in Jackson County and 34 unincorporated communities. The largest incorporated city is the county seat of Medford.

Demographic Trends & Population Characteristics Migration and Growth Jackson County exceeded the average state growth from 2004-2008. However, from 2008- 2010, during the economic downturn the county saw the growth trend change to the negative as many residents out-migrated from the county to find jobs out of state or in the larger urban areas of the state in the Willamette Valley. Like many Southwestern Oregon counties, local population statistics began showing that younger families were leaving the area for more metropolitan counties to find jobs shortly after the downturn.

2002-2004 2004-2006 2006-2008 2008-2010 2010-2012

2.2% 3.0% 2.7% 1.2%

1.2%1.9%

3.8% 3.3%

-1.0%

0.7%

Percent Population Change 2002 -2012

Oregon

Jackson County

Source: PSU Population Research Center

0

2 - Jackson final version

At the same time, the county continued to see a steady influx of seniors to the county, largely from out of state. Both the exodus of younger and often higher socioeconomic level populations and the influx of older demographic groups in the county ultimately influences the health status and burden for care on the community. The percentage of 60 and over is expected to continue to rise within the county, while percentages of younger ages continues to diminish. Growth in Elderly Population

According to 2012 census data, 18.8% of the county population is over 65-years-old, higher than the state average of 14.9%. Jackson County joins many other counties in Southern Oregon with distinctly higher average ages and higher percentages of elderly living in the county than more metropolitan counties.

6%

6%

12%

18%

32%

26%

Age Distribution Jackson County 2012

under 5

5 to

9

10 to

19

20 to 34

35 to

60

60 and over

Source: 2012 US Census

Population Forecast by Age, 2010-2040, Jackson County

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Age

2010 2040

Source: Office of Economic Analysis, Department of Administrative Services, State of Oregon

3 - Jackson final version

Poverty Nearly one in four children in Jackson County live in poverty, creating significant challenges to their overall health and long-term development.

15.8% of the total county population lives in poverty (2008-2011), slightly higher than the state average of 14.8%.

Poverty has tremendous impact on individual and community outcomes and was consistently brought up in the community focus groups related to access to health care services, housing, access to healthy food and nutrition.

“I think the health of the people in our community varies from very healthy to poor health. Some groups are very physically active and health conscious with good incomes and other sub-groups are impacted by very low incomes, inadequate housing and childcare, which produces high levels of stress and negatively impacts health.”—Focus Group Participant

under 18 years 18-64 years 65 years and older 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Percent living below poverty level by age Jackson County 2009-2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

4 - Jackson final version

Josephine 18.8%

Curry 14.2%

Jackson 15.8%

Coos 16.0%

Klamath 18.1%

Lake 18.7%

Douglas 16.0% Harney

20.5%

17.4% 11.4%

Malheur 22.6%

15.8%

21.0% 15.9%

20.2%

15.8% 16.2%

12.6%

12.7% Baker 20.0%

17.3%

12.8% 9.5% 19.4%

10%16.5% 18.6%10.4%17.6%

9.9% 16.6%

16.4%

15.9%14.8%

11.8% 14.2%

So ur

ce : 5

-y ea

r A

m er

ic an

C om

m un

ity S

ur ve

y Es

tim at

es

Percent In Poverty By County

5 - Jackson final version

Homelessness Homelessness continues to be a challenge for many living in Jackson County. Causes of homelessness vary, they include drug and alcohol abuse, high rents, domestic violence and unemployment.

Children who experience homelessness are more likely to be at risk for violent crime, lower educational outcomes and higher rates of substance abuse. Nearly all districts in Jackson County listed K-12 grade students experiencing homelessness with most districts far exceeding the state average.

Source: Oregon Department of Education

Pinehurst SD 94 Central Point SD 6

Ashland SD 5 Phoenix-Talent SD 4

Prospect SD 59 Eagle Point SD 9

Rogue River SD 35 Medford SD 549C

Butte Falls SD 91 Statewide

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Students, grades k-12, experiencing homelessness Jackson County 2009-2010

Ja ck

so n

C o

u n

ty S

ch o

o l D

is tr

ic ts

6 - Jackson final version

Causes of Homelessness Jackson County 2013

Pregnancy

Child abuse

Runaway

Gambling

Credit

Poor rental history

By choice

Evicted by landlord

Kicked out by family/friends

Criminal history

Medical problem

Mental or emotional disorder

Unemployed

Domestic violence

Drug/alcohol (in home)

Couldn't afford rent

Drug/alcohol (in self)

Source: One Night Homeless Count 2011-2013, Jackson County Homeless Task Force

7 - Jackson final version

Disabilities

Jackson County has an estimated 29,079 adults with disabilities according to the recent Area Agency on Aging 2013-2016 plan. Types of disabilities are varied, with ambulatory difficulty being the highest, cognitive being a close second.

Education High school graduation rates at the county level are similar to state averages, typically showing 88-89% of the population being a high school graduate or higher.

For those that have less than a high school degree (or equivalent) poverty is markedly higher—they are twice as likely than those with some college to live in poverty.

Source: 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college, associate's degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

00% 05% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Poverty rate for Jackson County residents 25-years and over by educational attainment, 2009-2011

Poverty Level

Source: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

ambulatory difficulty

cognitive difficulty

independent living difficulty

hearing difficulty

self-care difficulty

vision difficulty

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9%

Percentage adults with a disability Jackson County 2011

8 - Jackson final version

Race & Ethnicity Jackson County demographics for race and ethnicity are quite similar to state averages, with over 17% of residents identifying as a minority population. Hispanic or Latino represent 11.4% of the population in the county, followed by people identifying as being from two or more ethnic groups.

Public school enrollment statistics are similar to census numbers in most districts. The Phoenix- Talent School District shows the highest numbers of minorities, followed by Medford and Eagle Point.

Health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities continue to be worse, and percentages of insured minorities are also lower. Although specific county-level data for uninsured by race/ethnicity is not currently available, it is important to note that Hispanic groups have significantly higher chances of being uninsured statewide. Every minority race and ethnic group has higher rates of uninsurance when compared with Caucasian populations, presenting significant barriers to accessing health care and health disparities. It is interesting to note that outside the Portland Metro area, Jackson County has some of the highest percentages of race and ethnic diversity in the state.

White Alone Black Asian Pacific Islanders Asian Multi Hispanic 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Oregon uninsured rates by race/ethnicity, 2011 Ages 0-18 Ages 19-64

So u rc

e: 2

0 1 1 O

re g o n H

ea lt h In

su ra

n ce

S u rv

ey

9 - Jackson final version

Employment Unemployment in Jackson County continues to be higher than state and national averages. Although the trend shows slight decreases in the seasonally adjusted unemployment rates from the Oregon Employment Department, they continue to hover around 10% annually, nearly 3% higher than the national average.

Residents of Jackson County work predominantly in educational services, health care, social assistance, and retail.

Unemployment and its effects on poverty and health continue to be felt by county residents and it was discussed frequently in focus groups.

“Multiple families are living under one roof since the economy went downhill, it affects everyone’s health.” —Focus Group participant

unemployed

agriculture, forestry, fishing. hunting, and mining

construction

manufacturing

wholesale trade

retail trade

transportation warehousing, utilities

information

finance and insurance, real estate, rental, leasing

professional, scientific, management, administrative, waste management

educational services, health care, social assistance

arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, food services

other services, except public administration

public administration

Percent employed by business sector Jackson County and Oregon 2009-2011 Jackson

Oregon

source: 2009-2011 american community survey 3-year estimates

10 - Jackson final version

Jan-06 Aug-06 Mar-07 Oct-07 May-08 Dec-08 Jul-09 Feb-10 Sep-10 Apr-11 Nov-11 Jun-12 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Drug Arrests- Oregon State and Jackson County

All drugs- Oregon

Jackson- All drugs

Oregon Meth

Jackson Meth

Oregon Heroin

Jackson Heroin

6 m

o n th

m o vi

n g a

ve ra

g e

Crime Crime continues to be a challenge for residents living in Jackson County. The Report of Oregon Offenses Known to Law Enforcement lists Jackson County as fourth highest in the state for property crimes (out of 36), ninth for person crimes and eleventh for behavior crimes in 2010. Drug arrests continue to outpace state averages of arrests for all drug categories, but notably higher for methamphetamine.

“Meth use is high and scares me because of all the robberies, stealing, dirty needles and stuff.” —Focus Group participant

Source: Criminal Justice Commission, Statistical Analysis Center

11 - Jackson final version

Health Status: Individual and Community Health County Health Rankings The County Health Rankings is a collaborative project supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The rankings evaluate counties based on causes of death (mortality), types of illnesses (morbidity) and those factors that lead to poor health outcomes. The rankings provide a measurement tool to compare county-to-county, as well as comparison to state and national benchmarks. The most recent rankings were released in March 2013 and rankings are available for nearly every county in the United States. The rankings look at a variety of measures that affect health. Although released annually, some of the data sets that are used in the development of the rankings are older so it is important to not look at county rankings exclusively when evaluating the health status of Jackson County.

Jackson County was ranked in the middle percentile, ranking 13th out of 33 ranked Oregon Counties (health outcomes category), this was improved by two positions in 2012. Mortality (death) was ranked 10th out of 32, morbidity (disease) was ranked at 18th out of 32.

Morbidity & Mortality in Jackson County Mortality (death) and causes of death have changed in Jackson County over the last 75 years, consistent with state and national trends. Many advances in science, medicine, living and working conditions have contributed to changes in causes of death and life expectancy. The major causes of premature death in Jackson County are chronic conditions, consistent with a nationwide epidemic of chronic disease and conditions.

Health Outcomes Oregon Counties 2013

County Rank Baker 33 Benton 2 Clackamas 5 Clatsop 12 Columbia 19 Coos 28 Crook 8 Curry 26 Deschutes 7 Douglas 30 Gilliam not ranked

Grant 1 Harney 20 Hood River 3 Jackson 13 Jefferson 32 Josephine 29 Klamath 31 Lake 22 Lane 17 Lincoln 24 Linn 23 Malheur 10 Marion 14 Morrow 16 Multnomah 15 Polk 9 Sherman not ranked

Tillamook 25 Umatilla 27 Union 21 Wallowa 18 Wasco 11 Washington 4 Wheeler not ranked

Yamhill 6

12 - Jackson final version

Death from cancer, heart disease and lower respiratory disease is significantly higher in Jackson County than the state or Healthy People 2020 goal. Rates of suicide and unintentional injuries are three times higher in Jackson County than national goals and double the state average. Healthy People 2020 provides national benchmark goals for communities and organizations that create and administer health improvement plans. They are evidence-based national objectives designed to help communities monitor progress and evaluate success. Jackson County rates are at least double that of the Healthy People benchmark goals in cancer, heart disease and chronic respiratory disease.

Jackson County joins many of its neighboring counties with high incidences of cancer. Breast Cancer, Prostate, Lung and Colorectal cancers continue to be the leading types of cancer in Jackson County, a consistent trend for the last decade.

Sources: Oregon Health Division County Data Book 2011, Healthy People 2020

cancer

heart disease

chronic lower respiratory disease

alzheimer's disease

cerebrovascluar disease

unintentional injuries

diabetes-linked

suicide

alcohol induced

0 100 200 300 400 500

Jackson County

Oregon

HP2020

Rate per 100,000

Leading causes of death per 100,000 Jackson County, Oregon, Healthy People 2020

13 - Jackson final version

Chronic Disease & Conditions Prevalence of chronic conditions in Jackson County are close to many state averages. The County age-adjusted population data shows a high burden of high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and arthritis in the county.

So u

rc e:

O re

g o

n B

R FS

S C

o u

n ty

C o

m b

in ed

D at

as et

2

0 0

6 -2

0 0

9

stroke

heart attack

angina

diabetes

asthma

arthritis

high blood pressure

high blood cholesterol

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

2%

3%

3%

6%

8%

25%

27%

35%

2%

3%

3%

7%

10%

26%

26%

33%

Prevalence of population with chronic conditions, 2006-2009 Jackson County Oregon

Source: Oregon Public Health Authority, Cancer in Oregon report, 2010

all breast colorectal lung prostate 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Leading types of cancer, Jackson County 2001-2010

2001-2005- County

2001-2005- State

2006-2010-County

2006-2010-State

In ci

de nc

e pe

r 10

0, 00

0

The burden of chronic conditions for those on Oregon insurance programs, such as the Oregon Health Plan, show a similar pattern as the county population. Oregon Health Plan patients, enrolled in one of the three CCO’s in Josephine and Jackson Counties, show high rates of tobacco use, diabetes, asthma, obesity and chemical dependency.

rheumatoid arthritis chemical dependency

tobacco use cystic fibrosis

hemophilia low birth weight

chronic coronary heart disease (CHF) chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD)

hypertension stroke

diabetes chronic kidney disease (ESRD)

chronic liver disease/cirrhosis (liver) hepatitis c (HEP C)

HIV/AIDS attention deficit disorder (ADD)

alzheimers anorexia autism

bipolar disorder borderline personality disorder

dementia depression

post-tramatic stress disorder (PTSD) schizophrenia breast cancer

colorectal cancer leukemia

lung cancer ovarian cancer

prostate cancer epilepsy

multiple sclerosis (MS) paralysis

asthma chronic bronchitis

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emphysema

obesity

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Average rate chronic conditions October 2013 AllCare Health Plan, Primary Health, Jackson Care Connect combined data

rate per 1,000 clients (counted if client had at least 2 claims in last 3 years)

So u

rce: O reg

o n

H ealth

A u

th o

rity 2 0

1 3

15 - Jackson final version

Oral and Dental Health National and state level data show that tooth decay is five times more common than asthma in Oregon children. Dental health should be a priority concern for the County and State. In Oregon, oral disease is on the rise and is not limited by socio-economic status, race or ethnicity, or age according to a recent resources scan and needs assessment commissioned by the Oregon Community Foundation.

The 2012 Oregon Smile Survey grouped counties into regions, Jackson County being in Region 4 with Coos, Curry, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Douglas. The region has higher percentages of cavities, untreated decay and rampant decay in children.

Although the rise in oral disease is not limited to socio- economic status, the dental health of children in the region was far worse for those with lower incomes.

Dental prevention and access to dental care was consistently mentioned in all focus groups in the county. Of those children enrolled in Medicaid in the county, the majority did not have sealants (a common preventive dental practice).

“We see kids with swollen faces from abscesses and dental problems—their parents are like, ‘I don’t know what to do, won’t it just heal?’ It affects their ability to be at school and learn.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: Oregon Smile Survey 2012 Region 4 includes Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane

had a cavity

untreated decay

rampant decay

62%

66%

70%

38%

34%

30%

Oral health status children grades 1-3 by household income region 4, 2012

lower income

higher income

Oral health status children grades 1-3, 2012

16 - Jackson final version

Mental Health

Close to 65% of residents in Jackson County describe themselves as having good mental health. Although that is close to the state average, it still shows that close to 1 in 3 people don’t consider themselves as having good mental health. When people don’t feel as though their mental health is good, health-related quality of life is reduced.

Oregon Jackson County

66% 64%

Oregon Adults in Good Mental Health Jackson County and Oregon, 2006-2009

So u

rc e:

O re

g o n B

eh av

io ra

l R is

k Fa

ct o r

Su rv

ei lla

n ce

S ys

te m

Source: EPSDT Measure, DCO Performance Measurement 2010-2011

Totals Ages 1-2 Ages 3-5 Ages 6-9 Ages 10-14 Ages 15-18 Ages 19-20

4894

1853

2455 2353 2541

1942

913 638

0 6 308 330

73 1

Youth Medicaid Population with Dental Coverage and Sealants Jackson County 2010-2011

Enrolled

Received Sealants

17 - Jackson final version

Rates of suicide deaths have been typically been higher than the state rate, with the highest rate being 26.6 deaths per 100,000. Suicide is highly correlated with depression, intimate partner violence and several mental health disorders.

Suicide, depression and harassment in youth is also higher in Jackson County than state averages. Bullying and harassment of youth was another reoccurring theme in the focus groups.

“Bullying is destroying our future.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey, 2012

21%

16% 16% 14%

9% 8%

Youth Harassment Multiple Grades Josphine County 2012

Grade 6 County

Grade 6 State

Grade 8 County

Grade 8 State

Grade 11 County

Grade11 State

Harassment because "someone said that you were gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender”

Source: Oregon Vital Records

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rate of suicide deaths, all ages 2000-2012 — Jackson County

Jackson Oregon

Ra te

p er

1 00

0 po

pu la

ti on

18 - Jackson final version

Youth experiencing mental health crisis is increasing in the county, as evidenced by increasing ER visits and hospital admissions.

Source: 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey

Depression Suicidal ideation Attemps

26%

16%

8%

23%

13%

6%

Youth Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Attempts Jackson County

Jackson County

Oregon State

A ve

ra g

es G

ra d es

6 ,8

,1 1

Source: Rouge River Medical Center

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

358

471 497 538

584

37 34 55 69 92

ER Visits and Hospital Admissions for Youth Experiencing Mental Health Crisis Jackson County 2008-2012

ER Visits

Total Admissions

19 - Jackson final version

Addictions Jackson County residents have significant issues with addictions to alcohol, tobacco, other drugs and gambling. Binge drinking, in both genders is higher than state averages, and higher than neighboring counties. Excessive heavy alcohol consumption can contribute to chronic health issues, including heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, high blood pressure, stroke, coma and death. 15% of Jackson County adults drink excessively, twice the national benchmark of 7%. Heavy or excessive drinking is defined as adults consuming more than one (women) or two (men) beverages per day on average.

Source: Jackson County Suicide Prevention Coalition, 2013

Jackson County National National Need 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10

16.5

25.9

Psychiatric Mental Health Providers Accepting New Medicare Clients —Jackson County

ra te

p er

1 0

0 ,0

0 0

So u rc

e: O

re g o n B

eh av

io ra

l R is

k Fa

ct o r

Su rv

ei lla

n ce

S ys

te m

Oregon Jackson County 0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

Male and Female Heavy Drinking, 2006-2009

Male

Female

5% 6% 6%

8%

Seniors in the county are also challenged in accessing psychiatric services. The rate of Psychiatric Mental Health Providers accepting new Medicare clients is very low compared to the national need.

20 - Jackson final version

The rate of DUII (driving under the influence of intoxicants) is a data set reviewed when evaluating impact of addictions on a community. For well over a decade, rates of DUII has been higher in Jackson County than the state average.

Drug and alcohol use is not a problem exclusively in adults. Jackson County shows youth reporting higher rates of cigarette, alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana and illicit drug use than state averages, for grade school through high school.

“Kids come back from lunch [at my school] visibly high—having smoked their parents’ stash at lunch. Everybody knows who the smokers are here, but there isn’t much that we can do about it.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey

smoked cigarettes alcohol binge drinking marijuana any illicit drugs 0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Youth Drug Use — Jackson County 2012

p er

ce n ta

g e

us ed

in p

as t

3 0

d ay

s

grade 6- county grade 6- state grade 8- county grade 8- state grade 11- county grade 11-state

Source: DUII Data Book for Oregon Counties, 1999-2008

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 0 2 4 6 8

10

DUII Offenses 1999-2008 Jackson County Oregon State

R a te

p e r

1 0

0 0

21 - Jackson final version

Gambling, a type of addiction, also presents challenges to both adults and youth in Jackson County. The county has higher percentages of eighth graders reporting gambling of every type, than the state average.

The prevalence of problem gambling is considerably higher than those accessing treatment in Jackson County. It is important to note that only 3% of those Jackson County residents experiencing problem gambling are accessing treatment. For all drug categories, Jackson County continues to outpace State average drug

So u

rc e:

O re

g o n g

am b lin

g t

re at

m en

t p ro

g ra

m s

ev al

u at

io n u

p d at

e 2 0 1 2

O re

g o n H

ea lt h A

u th

o ri ty

, A d d ic

ti o n s

an d M

en ta

l H ea

lt h D

iv is

io n

Preval ence Access ing Treatment 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000 3800

114

Prevalance of Problem Gambling Jackson County 2012

N u

m b

e r

o f

in d iv

id u

a ls

lottery/powerball/megabucks

dice or coin flips

cards (poker, etc)

betting on sports

betting on games of personal skill (bowling, video games, dare)

internet gambling

other

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

8th Grader Gambling 2012 Jackson State

Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012

arrests; most notably methamphetamine and heroin. (See People and Place section) It is important to note that declines in drug arrests are more likely attributed to reductions in funding for local law enforcement than reductions in drug use and trafficking.

“Just about everyone I know has an addiction. People with addictions are more sick, can’t get to the doctor, don’t have insurance and are embarrassed.” —Focus Group Participant

Jackson County has one of the highest opioid death rates in the State, and the number of annual opioid deaths is on the rise (deaths from drugs such as codeine, oxycodone, morphine and methadone). The morbidity and mortality associated with inappropriate use of opiate drugs has a negative impact on the health of the community. At the same time, people in focus groups commented that their pain was not well managed and discussed the added burden that chronic pain presented when suffering from chronic conditions. Focus group comments and the high rate of opioid death suggest systemic problems in the management of chronic pain in the county.

Maternal & Child Health Causes of

So u

rc e:

O p

io id

P re

sc ri b

in g

G u

id el

in es

R ep

o rt

: O

p io

id P

re sc

ri b

er s

G ro

u p

2 0

1 3

Ye ar

Prescription Drug Overdose Deaths Jackson County

N u

m b

er o

f D

e at

h s

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Prescription opioid overdose mortality rate by county, 2003-2007

Rate per 100,000

1.8 - 2.3

2.3 - 3.4

3.4 - 5.3

5.3 - 8.2

no rate (less than 5 cases total)

Source: Jackson County Response to Prescription

23 - Jackson final version

low birth weight include tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, socioeconomic factors such as education level and poverty as well as maternal and fetal medical conditions. Babies born with low birth weight (considered 1500-2499 grams at birth) typically have more long-term disabilities and developmental issues, including cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, impairment of sight, hearing and/or lung functioning. The percentage of low birthweight babies in Jackson County is 6%, close to the state percentage of 6.1% and just meeting the national benchmark of 6%.

Women who access care while they are pregnant are more likely to have healthy pregnancies and better child outcomes and less likely to have low birth weight babies. Prenatal care includes a myriad of services, including: education about healthy choices and body changes while pregnant, prenatal testing and counseling, treating medical conditions/complications (such as anemia and gestational hypertension), oral health assessment and treatment, screening for intimate partner violence and tobacco use and substance abuse.

Although pregnancy risk factors are high (such as maternal tobacco use) in Jackson County, utilization of prenatal care is moderate but below the state average, with 73% of mothers in the county receiving prenatal

care in the first trimester. Those women receiving prenatal care in Jackson County, have a marked reduced rate of low birth weight babies compared to those without prenatal care.

A primary risk factor for low birth weights and child outcomes is maternal smoking. Maternal smoking is currently higher than the state average and has been for several years.

first trimester care inadequate prenatal care

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Percentage receiving prenatal care Jackson County 2011

Jackson

Oregon

So u

rc e:

O re

g o

n V

it al

S ta

ti st

ic s,

2 0

1 1

Source: Oregon Health Authority Center for Health Statistics

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5%

10%

15%

20%

Percentage of Maternal Tobacco Use 2005-2011

Jackson

Oregon

24 - Jackson final version

The teen birth rate in Jackson County is higher than the state average and national benchmark. Jackson County’s teen birth rate per 1,000 females ages 15-19 is 37. The Oregon rate is 33 per 1,000, the national benchmark is 21 per 1,000.

Immunization is an effective tool for preventing disease and death. Vaccinating children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended immunization schedules, is varied by county. Those parents choosing not to vaccinate claiming religious exemption has been higher in Jackson County than state average for over a decade. The trend of those requesting exemption continues to increase annually.

Oregon Health Authority, Immunization Program

Jackson

Oregon

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

Religious exceptions from immunizations by school year Jackson County

25 - Jackson final version

Health Behavior & Lifestyle Factors Modifiable behaviors related to health status such as tobacco use, inadequate physical activity and nutrition have significant influence on the health of individuals and communities. The leading cause of preventable death in Jackson County, as it is in Oregon, is tobacco use. A close second is obesity.

Tobacco Tobacco usage has remained high in Jackson County for many years. Roughly 1 in 5 adults in the county smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the state average of 17.1%. Of grave concern are the 15% of birth mothers, in 2009, who reported smoking while pregnant.

According to the 2013 County Tobacco Fact Sheet, Jackson County spent an estimated $83.8 million on medical care related to tobacco use.

2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey data indicates that 7.3% of 8th graders, and 16.5% of 11th graders in Jackson County used cigarettes. One-third of these kids have started an addiction that will eventually kill them. Eighty percent of adult smokers in Oregon started before the age of 18.

Obesity Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for several chronic conditions. Overweight is defined as a body mass index of 25 or higher, obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. BMI is calculated by using both height and weight. Research has shown that overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease. Approximately 2/3 of adults in Jackson County are either obese or overweight, putting them at increased risk of chronic disease and increased morbidity.

overweight *obese meeting CDC physical activity recommendations

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

38%

21%

58%

36%

25%

56%

Percent population overweight, obese and meeting physical activity guidelines, 2006-2009

Jackson

Oregon

So u rc

e: O

re g o n B

R F S

S C

o u n ty

C o m

b in

ed D

at as

et 2

0 0 6 -2

0 0 9

26 - Jackson final version

Physical Activity & Nutrition Regular physical activity and a healthy diet reduce the risk for chronic disease and obesity.

The percentage of adults consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day in Jackson County from 2006-2009 was 33.2%, exceeding the state average of 27%. The proportion of fast food establishments in the county, at 44%, is almost twice the national benchmark.

“Access to resources to live a healthy lifestyle is hard. Food access here is bad, small stores in small communities have mostly processed foods, they can’t afford to bring in fresh out of town produce. That’s made worse by the fact that those with SNAP use their food stamps for processed food, the money goes farther with processed food.” — Focus Group Participant

Additional Social Determinants of Health Food Insecurity The USDA defines food insecurity as lack of access to enough food for all members in a household and limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods. Over 16% of Jackson County households, or approximately 34,260 people are food insecure. 75% of the food-insecure households in the county have incomes below the poverty level. Additionally, 22.4% of children in Jackson County households experienced food insecurity in 2011. It is estimated that an additional 15 million dollars would have been needed to meet food needs of those living with food insecurity in Jackson County in 2011.

The percentage of K-12 students eligible for free/reduced lunches in 2012-2013 was nearly 60%, indicating significant child poverty levels and access to food concerns for the youth of Jackson County.

Source: Map the Meal Gap, Food Insecurity in your County, Feedingamerica.org

Overall Children 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

16%

22%

18%

29%

17%

28%

Percent with food insecurity Jackson County, Oregon, National, 2011

Jackson

Oregon

National

27 - Jackson final version

Health System Access to Medical Care Lack of health insurance coverage continues to be a significant barrier to accessing needed health and medical care. Uninsured people are likely to experience more adverse physical, mental and financial outcomes than those with insurance. Jackson County far exceeds the national benchmark of 11% and state percentages in all age groups. 26.6% adults 19-64 in Jackson County were uninsured in 2011. This number is expected to change after January 1st, 2014. It is expected that the majority of new enrollees after January 1 will be adults.

Although the number and demographics of enrollees will change January 1, it is helpful to understand the current population of CCO enrollees. Enrollees are spread out across the county, with the higher percentages living in Medford, Central Point, and White City.

Close to 65% of the current CCO enrollees in Jackson County are under the age of 18, higher than Josephine County (53% are under 18). Access to health care was a consistent theme in focus groups and key informant interviews. Insurance costs, transportation (getting to appointments), availability of specialists, accessibility of clinics for people with disabilities, language barriers, primary care physicians not taking specific insurance plans, and health literacy regarding how to negotiate insurance were all listed as access concerns for residents living in Jackson County.

Source: 2011 Oregon Health Insurance Survey

200% FPL and Below

201%FPL and Above

Entire year without Insurance

19-64 years

Less than 18 years

Overall

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

27%

13%

15%

27%

12%

19%

25%

17%

11%

21%

6%

15%

Percent Population Uninsured, 2011 Jackson Oregon

28 - Jackson final version

“I’ve seen patients that said they were surprised that they couldn’t use their brother’s insurance card and didn’t know what a copay, co-insurance or deductibles were. Health literacy and access to health care is more than just having insurance and that will only become more apparent after January 1st.”—Key Informant

CCO enrollee by age Jackson County 2013

newborn

1 to 12 years

13 to 19 years

adults

97501 97502 97503 97504 97520 97522 97524 97525 97530 97535 97536 97537 97539 97540 97541 %

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Percent CCO Enrollees By Select Zip Codes Jackson County 2013

29 - Jackson final version

Community Perceptions of Health Focus Groups This report presents summary findings from five focus groups, conducted in Jackson County as part of the 2013 Community Health Assessment. The purpose of the Community Health Assessment was to learn what people in the county believe are most important issues affecting their health and that of their families and communities. The purpose of the focus groups was to gather primary qualitative data on community perceptions and increase community engagement in setting priorities for individual and community health.

The focus groups were part of a larger community health assessment process, following a modified Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model. The focus groups were all facilitated by a consultant and assisted by Community Advisory Council (CAC) members and Coordinated Care Organization (CCO) staff.

Five focus groups were completed through Jackson County during September 2013. Thirty- six (36) community members participated in the groups, representing several different populations. A subcommittee of the CAC, titled the CACC, began by prioritizing populations and locations for focus groups. Lengthy discussion about what groups to select for focus groups included two face-to-face CACC meetings, an online survey given to the CACC members.

It is also important to note that there are limitations to the focus group data. Focus group data should not stand on its own but complement the health status and epidemiology data presented earlier in the Community Health Assessment. Focus groups were not intended to be a representative of all individuals in the entire county but rather, a process to gain specific insight into health concerns and solutions of specific populations. The populations chosen were driven by the Community Advisory Councils.

The limited time frame (one month) to complete focus groups was recognized as a challenging aspect of the process and the CACC had several intentional conversations about the need to prioritize due to the time constraints. Due to the January 1, 2014 deadline for submission of the final CHA, the CACC worked within the one-month parameter and chose five groups per county, with the caveat that additional groups and time would be added into the process for the next CHA.

Prioritized Populations for Jackson County Focus Groups

• Latino/Spanish-Speaking

• Addictions

• Uninsured/Underinsured

• Dental

• Rural/Unincorporated

• Chronic Pain

• Chronic Disease

30 - Jackson final version

The CACC also discussed and guided the selection of data and questions to gather at the focus groups. The focus group guide, including the specific questions asked, is attached in the Appendices. A “site champion” was chosen from the CACC for each focus group. The role of the site champion was to lead recruitment, coordination of focus group location, selection of incentives for participants and introduction of the consultant to the participants at the group.

Data was gathered during the groups via open-ended questions and instant feedback polling questions. The instant feedback polling questions utilized Turning Technology “clickers,” capturing instant demographic data and polling on health priorities and perceptions. The use of multiple feedback collection methodologies ensured 100% participation of focus group attendees.

Light refreshments and $10 gift cards were provided to focus group participants as incentives. The focus groups were completed within two hours, and averaged 6 participants per group.

Focus Group Schedule-Jackson County

Group Date Location

Rural/Unincorporated 9-30 Prospect

Latino/Spanish Speaking 9-4 Sacred Heart Church

Uninsured and Dental 9-16 Library Medford

Addictions 9-17 Addictions Recovery Center inpatient

Chronic Disease/Chronic Pain 9-25 Central Point

31 - Jackson final version

Demographics of Participants Focus group participants answered demographic questions about gender, age, ethnicity, martial status and education with Turning Technology clickers. The use of the clicker technology provided anonymity and increased participation and engagement in the group process. The total number of participants was thirty-six. Please note that not all participants chose to fill out demographic information, so totals on the demographic categories are varied.

Jackson County Focus Group Participant Demographics

Characteristic Response

Age 25 or under 11%

26-39 17%

40-54 31%

55-64 19%

65 or over 22%

Sex

Female 58%

Male 42%

Ethnicity

African American/Black 3%

Pacific Islander 0%

Hispanic/Latino 14%

Native American 0%

White/Caucasian 83%

Other 0%

Marital Status

Married or co-habitating 58%

Not married, single, divorced or widowed 42%

Highest Level of Education

Less than HS Diploma 11%

HS diploma or GED 22%

Some college or degree 61%

Other 6%

Household income

Less than $20,000 36%

$20,000-29,999 22%

$30,000-49,000 11%

Over $50,000 31%

32 - Jackson final version

Community Perceptions Focus group participants also answered questions about their personal health, the community health and ranked their top health problems, risk factors and conditions that influenced a healthy community. The following data were also collected with the Turning Technologies clicker system.

A majority of participants (87%) described their community as unhealthy. Counter to that, was that the majority (66%) of participants described themselves as healthy.

Participants were then asked to select the three most important health problems, perceived risk factors and conditions that influenced a healthy community.

14%

66%

21%

Community Health

Very healthy

Healthy

Somewhat unhealthy

Very unhealthy

8%

58%

33%

Personal Health

What do you think are the three most important ingredients for a healthy community?

Low crime/safe neighborhoods Low level of domestic violence & child abuse

Good schools Access to healthcare (e.g. family doctor)

Clean environment Affordable housing

Good jobs, healthy economy Healthy behaviors & lifestyles

Religious or spiritual values

Other

33 - Jackson final version

What do you think are the three biggest health problems in your community?

What do you think are the three biggest risk factors for health in your community?

Participant Commentary The second portion of the groups consisted of open-ended dialog questions, asking participants to discuss individual and community health needs. Several hundred narrative comments were collected during the five focus groups. The CACC workgroup reviewed all comments and upon analysis, recognized several universal themes. The comments listed below were reviewed, categorized and selected by the CACC to be included in the CHA. Focus group participants’ responses are presented in seven categories. All comments below were transcribed verbatim. Comments are intentionally written out as they were spoken in the group.

1. Access to and quality of health services

2. Mental Health and addictions

3. Lifestyle: Exercise, Obesity, Nutrition and access to food

4. Dental and/or Vision health

5. Poverty and the economy

6. Chronic disease and/or aging issues

7. Crime, domestic violence and child abuse

Problems from aging such as: arthritis, hearing, vision loss Cancer

Child abuse/domestic violence/rape Dental problems

Diabetes Heart disease or stroke

Infectious disease e.g. Hepatitis, TB, HIV Mental Health problems

Respiratory or lung disease

Other

Alcohol abuse Being overweight

Drug abuse Lack of exercise

Poor eating habits Tobacco use

Not using birth control (unprotected sex) Reckless driving

Not seeing a health provider when you need care

34 - Jackson final version

Access to and Quality of Health Services Focus group participants consistently brought up barriers to accessing health and medical services. Insurance (or lack of), paying for health care services, physically getting to a health care provider (transportation), language barriers, having providers available and the relationship with providers were all common themes in every focus group.

“Insurance needs to be more cost effective for us—I don’t want it for free, but it needs to be more affordable so that we don’t have to choose between feeding my kids or getting medical care.”

“Some clinics don’t want to treat all issues at the same time, they only treat one issue at a time— they ask for multiple appointments—but that requires more paying,deductibles, or copays.

“For years, I’ve been trying to get on OHP but I am over income—so I have to save for emergencies and just deal with my pain.”

“[My biggest concern is] access to healthcare, being able to go to the doctor when you need to, not always going to emergency room.”

“Availability of healthcare—up to a week ago I had no health insurance—I skipped a few doctor appointments which made my chronic conditions worse and cost [more] in the long run.”

“Availability—getting into the doctor or specialists took me six months. You could be dead by then. Even when you have insurance getting in is not always easy.”

“Continuity of care—not all docs on the same page, they all treat differently—not coordinated at all.”

“Negative: Cost of healthcare, even with insurance, is a barrier. Positive: Availability of quality healthcare in our community.”

“Most of the time, we just get over the counter medications or share each others prescription medications and then it gets worse. We can’t afford to get the labs/tests to determine what is wrong too, so it just gets worse.”

“Access isn’t just about insurance—we need more services, access on many different levels. More of all services are needed, addictions, prenatal, all services are needed.”

“Transportation—even those that have chronic diseases—must have insurance but getting to the provider is super difficult.”

35 - Jackson final version

“A woman at the gas station told me she was happy to see a clinic start in Butte Falls—and that it will save peoples’ lives on the road. Older people were driving and either waiting too long or getting in an accident—she told me, in tears, about several that she knew [that] died after leaving the gas station to get to Medford.”

“Somebody might want to get to a workshop but they have no transportation, transportation is a huge need.”

Mental Health and Addictions Challenges with mental illness and addictions weighed heavily on all groups. The effects of both on the individual and community were prevalent in many conversations about what concerned participants and what solutions they wanted to improve their health and the health of their community.

“Mental health problems, people don’t think they can be healthy so they turn into negative thinking. If you are healthy mentally you are less prone to do drugs.”

“The biggest factor is lack of a continuum of mental health supports and services. Services seem to be focused on meeting crisis needs rather than prevention and community support due to lack of funding.”

“Mental illness and substance abuse are huge and costly. Also, the criminalization of mentally ill and addicted individuals is an ineffective and costly approach to dealing with these issues.”

“Just about everyone I know has had an addiction. People with addictions are more sick, can’t get to the doctor, don’t have health insurance and are embarrassed.”

“We need clean needles. I see needles laying around all over the place, in the street, on the sidewalk, its disgusting and I was a user.”

“I am diabetic and used to supply all of Hawthorne Park with hypodermic needles, I got over 200 a month and didn’t need them all. I’m here now (inpatient treatment) so I don’t know who is giving out clean needles.”

“People are scared now—because of more homeless people are in the woods and the drug culture they bring.”

“Substance abuse is another serious issue in our community across all economic levels. Also a lack of adequate mental health services is a big problem.”

36 - Jackson final version

“We need less probation-focused treatment.”

“Pot, heroin, pills and prescription pills. People have gotten pretty creative. Like snorting Excedrin migraine in their nose (in my high school).”

“Two years ago we had a huge problem with inhalants—kids were doing them at football games—whipits with whip cream inhalants. My nephews were killed last year from doing whipits and getting in a car accident.”

“Kids come back from lunch (at my school) visibly high—having smoked their parents’ stash at lunch. Everybody knows who the smokers are here, but there isn’t much we can do about it.”

“Lack of resources [is a problem] they are out there but they are always broken. Bus passes, food banks, etcetera are broke. It’s hard to get to resources. Not a lot of help for women with no children. Jackson County Mental Health only has 12 visits a year—that’s not enough, it’s like you just start getting into your problems and have to stop.”

“Homelessness, limited help for young single people. Hard if you don’t have parents to help you.”

“Out of fifteen of my preschoolers—four were raised by grandparents last year. They aren’t always healthy [the grandparents]—and their health affects the kids and the grandparents. Plus, its stressful to raise your grandkids.”

“Bullying is destroying our future, education systems are atrocious, our country is at the bottom of education scales, (writing, math, science and reading) and it affects our health.”

Lifestyle: Exercise, Obesity, Nutrition and Access to Food The need for lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise were clearly recognized in all groups. Participants were quick to recognize their own challenges with lifestyle change while also making suggestions for solutions such as community gardens, walking groups or farmers markets.

“Habits are hard to break and start from our family going way back. I do what my parents did, and food and life has changed, so should our habits.”

“Unhealthy food seems to be more convenient.”

“Access to resources to live a healthy lifestyle is hard. Food access here is bad—small stores in small communities have mostly processed foods, they can’t afford to bring in fresh out of town produce. That’s made worse with the fact that those with SNAP use their food stamps for

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processed food-the money goes farther with processed food.”

“It costs $20 gas to get to Eagle Point [out of rural town] to a grocery store with good produce, there is no public transit except “‘the thumb .’” (hitchhiking)

“Part of the problem is the lack of real education around nutrition and disease prevention.”

“With no grocery store with produce here, sometimes I call the local café and ask them for a head of lettuce when I need it.”

“As a family—lack of consistent exercise for entire family affects our health—life is busy, exercise becomes last on the list of priorities.”

“Kids don’t play outside—they sit in front of video games.”

Dental and Vision Health Access to dental care and the negative effects of not having both preventive and crisis dental care was a consistent theme among all groups and demographics. Vision health was also mentioned in approximately 60% of the groups, related those living in poverty and not being able to acquire glasses or contacts.

“[There are] lots of dental issues here—all they do is pull your teeth. When you don’t have teeth you lose self esteem.”

“Dental appointments are still 2-3 weeks out even when in pain, what if I have a bad infection? People can die without help.”

“We see kids with swollen face from abscesses and dental problems—their parents are like, “I don’t know what to do, won’t it just heal?” It affects their ability to be at school and learn even when they are there.”

“Vision services—glasses are expensive and if you can’t see you probably can’t work—half the people that we serve at the food bank can’t see the line to sign for their food box.”

“Lack of affordable dental care—if you don’t have teeth, you can’t eat—it’s expensive to get care—fillings, root canals which can lead to other chronic conditions. If it costs you $170-200 to get your teeth cleaned, you probably won’t do it if you can already barely make it.”

“Homeless people don’t have the freedom to eat well, they eat whatever they can get, which is usually not healthy food. Canned chili should not be a staple of anyone’s diet.”

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“The homeless can’t get glasses because of [not having] ID for the Lions Club. ‘Free’ glasses—they aren’t free.”

Poverty and the Economy Poverty and the economy influences individual, family and community health. All groups consistently discussed their influence on health, having lengthy conversations about how improving the economy, jobs and not living in poverty would help improve health.

“No, [we are not healthy] because of homelessness. It’s embarrassing to go to doctor’s office and they ask for address and I don’t have one.”

“I am very concerned at the growing numbers of families needing emergency food who are food insecure, and the lack of affordable housing which is the number one need reported by the families in my program.”

“We are not healthy enough. We have too much poverty, uninsured, lack of public health programs, no affordable housing, too many homeless and jobless.”

“Multiple families are living under one roof since the economy went downhill-it affects everyone’s health.”

“Childcare—hard to get benefits for it if you work and it’s expensive.”

“I think the health of the people in our community varies from very healthy to poor health. Some groups are every physically active and health conscious with good incomes and other sub-groups are impacted by very low incomes, inadequate housing and childcare, which produces high levels of stress and negatively impacts health.”

Chronic Disease and Aging Issues 61% of focus group participants noted that they were currently living with a chronic condition. Several participants also discussed challenges of managing chronic pain, particularly in light of many programs to reduce opioid use in the county.

“I have MS and my husband has diabetes—I bring home preschool kids’colds from work and it affects our health. In small towns you see small epidemics of flu, it goes through the entire town and shuts us down. We can’t function with the flu like big cities do.”

“As our population ages—they have more chronic conditions and can’t get the right medical and support services.”

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“Caregiver fatigue—there is not a lot of money for caregivers so family often does it, they get tired and they have their own health issues like depression, stress, etc.”

“The disabled— the entire group that just fell off Medicare that now won’t get care—hospice care is narrowing and becoming highly medical focused.”

Crime, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Crime and concern about community and individual safety rated as a high concern in nearly all focus groups. Concern about child abuse and domestic violence and their connection to health were noted in all groups.

“Public safety. Cutting Sheriff’s Department. Criminals know public safety is last priority.”

“Need more counseling services and support to help families and dependents with trauma.”

Community Engagement in Solutions All focus groups ended with a question about solutions to the challenges, problems and needs identified in the prior questions. Specifically, the facilitator asked “what do you think we (as a community) can do to enhance the health of our community?” The focus was directed at what solutions participants wanted to be engaged in to address the problems discussed earlier.

All groups, regardless of demographic or location expressed a strong sense of concern about their community and how they could contribute to improving problems. Several solutions and positive comments were stated in every group, some of those comments are as follows:

Suggestions

“Embrace that we are all in this together—find things that help more than myself, but my larger community too.”

“We have a community kitchen, but my problem is awareness and getting them there. I made apple sauce one time and a lady said ‘oh, you can make apple sauce?’ People want to know how to improve their life, they just don’t know how.”

“[We need] education for professionals on addictions, being addicted is a disease, we aren’t all bad people.”

“Make sure I get prenatal care and take care of my baby now so she’s not a drain on the community later.”

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“I will stay clean, be a productive citizen in the community, volunteer work to help others with addictions.”

“We need more opportunities to keep young people [get] active in good ways instead of getting into trouble.”

“[We need] more things at schools to give youth direction. Now that I’m clean and sober, I realize I wasted 44 years in my life-now I want to help and develop myself with education.”

“The meth commercial where they chase the addict like we are a horrible pople, that makes us more separate. Instead, maybe the commercial should be a hand reaching out to help us with problems. Reach out to the addict, don’t chase us.”

“Education is key. sometimes it’s about breaking cycles and learning new ways. Education can be many different levels.”

“I appreciate that all three CCOs are working together for this, it’s hopeful. I am really glad that they are listening.”

“Develop creative affordable ways to provide community service supports to those suffering from mental illness to reduce isolation, support recovery, and prevent re-hospitalization.”

“Build and initiate pubic health programs that have community buy-in. Involve public in CCO process.”

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Key Informant Interviews: System of Care Strengths and Opportunities

Several community leaders working in the health care sector were interviewed to gain

additional insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the health system of care in Jackson

County.

Individuals and organizations were recommended to the consultant by members of the

CACC and CCO staff. All key informant interviews were completed by the consultant and

anonymity of name and title was provided. Key Informants were recommended based on their

organization affiliation, role in providing medical, mental, behavioral or addictions treatment

to Jackson county residents.

Organizations represented in the key informant interviews

Addictions Recovery Center

Jackson County Health and Human Services

La Clinica

Southern Oregon Head Start

Jackson County Public Health

Asante

Oregon Health Authority

HASL Center for Independent Living

Jackson County Mental Health

Jefferson Regional Health Alliance

Key Informant Questions

All key informants were asked the following questions:

1. What are your organization’s major contributions to the local health system of care?

2. What challenges do you see that may affect your work (upcoming changes in legislation, funding, technology, new collaborations, etc.)?

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Themes

Key informants universally talked about unmet needs of their communities, changing partnerships, increased complexity of administration, changing paradigms to improve care, a desire to reduce barriers to care and prevention activities when discussing their organization’s contributions to the community and system of care.

“Sometimes you know you have a great service that is meeting tremendous need for real people, but if you can’t bill and get paid for the staff doing it, you can’t keep doing it.” —Key Informant

While the desire for integration and improving patient outcomes was strong, the challenges that come with changing payment systems, legislative pressures and changes, the unmet needs of many patients, and consistently poor health status of patients and the community at large were listed by key informants.

“There are so many metrics of success and pieces interrelated in our transformation, it is very, very complex. Local, state and federal changes are happening very quickly. We are really seeing how interrelated the system is as we push one place and the result comes out somewhere else. Relationships and communication are more important to improve our health system, than ever before. Some of our communities will succeed at this and some will not. ” —Key Informant

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The Community Health Improvement Plan & Next Steps Utilizing the CHA for Planning

The Jackson County Community Health Assessment (CHA) draws attention to numerous opportunities for health improvement at the individual and community level. While the CHA identifies many critical health issues, it is not inclusive of every possible health- related issue. Instead, it was intended to provide a macro view of available community data and help to identify community trends. The CHA was successful in that purpose as well as engaging new community members in prioritizing what health status issues were important and where additional focus and data was needed.

The CHA was the first step in an ongoing process of community health assessment, planning and improvement. The natural progression of the community planning process is to prioritize health status issues and implement strategies to improve them. The prioritization process and document is titled the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP).

“Pick the top three health problems in my community?! How can I only pick three, they are all important!” –Focus Group Participant

Prioritizing future efforts to address individual and community health is imperative. Individuals, organizations and communities in Jackson County do not have unlimited resources to change all health status problems at once. Prioritizing efforts that are most likely to succeed and have the biggest positive impact on individual and community health must happen first. Strategies that are most likely to improve health outcomes, improve health of individuals and reduce health care costs ties the CHIP to the CCO Triple Aim. The prioritization conversation will not be one time process but will be dynamic.

The next step of the CCO community health process will entail community discussion about the community health assessment findings followed by establishing short term, intermediate and long-term strategies to address prioritized individual and community health problems. The prioritization process should be based on the quantitative and qualitative data presented in the community health assessment document and complemented with additional community input.

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Top 3 Health Problems: Focus Groups Jackson County 2013

1. Mental Health Problems

2. Dental Problems

3. Problems from Aging

Top 3 Ingredients for A Healthy Community Jackson County 2013

1. Access to health care

2. Good jobs and a healthy economy

3. Good schools

Top 3 Risk Factors/Behaviors Related to a Healthy Community Jackson County 2013

1. Drug Abuse

2. Not seeing a health care provider when you needed to (access)

3. Alcohol abuse, overweight, poor eating habits

Strategies for addressing health problems, behaviors related to health or ingredients for building a health community should be based on best practice/standards, potential community impact, cost and feasibility. Additionally, strategies for health improvement should be linked to indicators that are already being tracked in the community, to better enable the evaluation of progress and success of the chosen strategies. This will aid in reducing duplication of effort and provide a mechanism for more consistent and continuous measurement of progress. CCO metrics and local, state and national public health indicators are suggested possible indicators.

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Identifying additional data needs and working with local, state and federal organizations to meet those needs will also need to be considered in the CHIP. County specific data on health status by race and ethnicity is an example of a continuing data need. Dental access and outcomes is another area of data needs, among many others. Having adequate data to understand problems in the community is imperative in planning appropriate strategies and solutions. Advocating for access to county level data that is helpful for CCO and CAC planning will need to be a continuing strategy in the CHIP.

Engagement of the CAC will continue to be instrumental in the process, as will listening to community member priorities and concerns. The work of improving the health of people in Jackson County will happen with collaborative and adaptable efforts as we move forward through health care transformation and integration.

For hard copies of this report, please contact:

AllCare Health Plan: 1-888-460-0185, [email protected]

Jackson Care Connect: 1-855-722-8208, [email protected]

Primary Health of Josephine County: 1-541-471-2687, [email protected]

Please list the following as source when referring to data from this report: “Jackson & Josephine County Community Health Assessment 2013”

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47

Jackson County Community Health Assessment Data Sources Sampling of Available Data Sources 2012-2013

Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Alcohol & Other Drugs

Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/2012%20 Student%20Wellness/Jackson.pdf

Underage Drinking: http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ amh/ad/jackson-underage.pdf

*Epidemiological Data on Alcohol, Drugs and Mental Health 2000 to 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/ad/data/jackson. pdf

Adult Alcohol Use Fact Sheet: http://www.oregon. gov/oha/amh/ad/jackson-adult.pdf

National Survey on Drug Use and Health State Rankings-Prescription Drug Use

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/NSDUH115/ sr115-nonmedical-use-pain-relievers.htm

2011 National Survey on Drug use & Health All drugs

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k11Results/ NSDUHresults2011.pdf

*Oregon Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center- county level crime and drug data

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/Pages/SAC.aspx

Behavioral Health

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority5-substanceabuseand behavioralhealth.pdf

Barriers to Effective Suicide Prevention- Jackson County Suicide Prevention Coalition- June 2013

No link, electronic copy in files

Suicides in Oregon: Trends and Risk Factors 2012 Report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/InjuryFatalityData/Documents/ NVDRS/Suicide%20in%20Oregon%202012%20 report.pdf

Jackson County Mental Health and Addiction Services Biennial Implementation Plan 2013-2015

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/CountyPlans/ Jackson%20County%20BIP%202013-2015.pdf

*Specific 2000-2012 Epidemiology Alcohol, Drugs, MH (also included in Alcohol and Drugs)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/ad/data/jackson. pdf

Jackson County’s Implementation Plan for 2009-11 (focus on services)

http://www.localcommunities.org/lc/029/FSLO- 1218048324-50029.pdf

Jackson County Community Crisis Response Project 2008-Jefferson Regional Health Alliance (JRHA) Report

http://www.jeffersonregionalhealthalliance.org/ My%20Web%20Files/Community%20Crisis%20 Response%20Foundations%20Presentation%20 Final.pdf

JRHA Behavioral Health Initiative Mapping Project 2006

http://www.jeffersonregionalhealthalliance.org/ My%20Web%20Files/JRHA%20Mapping%20 Project%200313-1606.pdf

SAMHSA Oregon State Brief http://www.samhsa.gov/data/StatesInBrief/2k9/OREGON_508.pdf

SAMHSA Adolescent Behavioral Health Brief-State

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/StatesInBrief/2k9/ OASTeenReportOR.pdf

SAMHSA Data Sources-various reports and search functions, some state, some sub- state

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/States_In_Brief_ Reports.aspx

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Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Children/ Youth

Kindergarten Readiness Assessment 2008 Results- No link, electronic copy in files Assessment revised 2010-12 and will be used starting in 2013-14 school year. Updates at: http:// www.ode.state.or.us/search/page/?id=3908

*Children First for Oregon report 2011 http://www.cffo.org/images/pdf_downloads/county_data_books/Jackson%20County.pdf

Free & Reduced Lunch ODE http://www.ode.state.or.us/sfda/reports/r0061Select.asp

Youth Suicide Attempts in Oregon Adolescent Data System 2007 Data Report

Fact Sheet: http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/SafeLiving/SuicidePrevention/ Documents/factsheet.pdf (2007 data)

Full 2007 report- No link, electronic copy in files

Suicide, Suicide Attempts, and Ideation among Adolescents in Oregon, Oregon Health Authority, March 2012

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/InjuryFatalityData/Documents/ Suicide%2csuicide%20Attempts%2c%20 and%20ideation%20among%20Adolescents%20 in%20Oregon%202010.pdf

Oregon Plan for Youth Suicide Prevention (data old, use mainly for strategies)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/SafeLiving/SuicidePrevention/ Documents/YSuicide.pdf

*Oregon Healthy Teen Survey-County Specific data 2007-2008

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/ OregonHealthyTeens/results/2007/county/ Documents/jackson8.pdf (8th grade)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/ OregonHealthyTeens/results/2007/county/ Documents/jackson11.pdf (11th grade)

*Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012(duplicate)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/2012%20 Student%20Wellness/Jackson.pdf

National Survey of Children’s Health (CDC)- LOTS of state specific data- Oregon Children’s Profile Included as PDF

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/slaits/nsch.htm

*Kids Count Data Book 2012-Oregon data http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/bystate/ stateprofile.aspx?state=OR&group=Grantee&loc=5 357&dt=1%2c3%2c2%2c4

Oregon Child Health 2010 Data & resource guide

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/Babies/Documents/oregon- child-health-2010-data-and-resource-guide.pdf

*Child Welfare Data Book http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/abuse/pages/publications/children/index.aspx

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Source

Community Assessments & Plans

Oregon Public Health Community Health Assessment Clearinghouse

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ providerpartnerresources/evaluationresearch/ communityhealthassessmentclearinghouse/pages/ index.aspx

*Public Health Annual Plan

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ LocalHealthDepartmentResources/Documents/ Jackson_County_Annual_Plan_2013_update.pdf (2013-14)

FY 2012 PRC Community Health Needs Assessment (Asante Health System)

http://www.asante.org/app/files/public/1603/2012- Community-Health-Needs-Assessment.pdf

Jackson County Oregon Community Needs Assessment 2011

http://www.accesshelps.org/Files/2011%20 Community%20Needs%20Assessment.pdf

Providence Health and Services- Community Health Needs Assessment 2011-13

http://oregon.providence.org/ptkattachments/ FormsInstructions/CHNA-FINALfull_appendix.pdf

Southern OR Summary (2011), no link, electronic copy in files

Oregon Health Improvement Plan 2010- 2020

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ HealthSystemTransformation/ OregonHealthImprovementPlan/Documents/hip_ plan.pdf

Oregon State Health Profile 2012 http://public.health.oregon.gov/About/Documents/oregon-state-health-profile.pdf

Oregon Child Development Coalition Community Assessment- Migrant Seasonal Head Start Program 2009

http://www.ocdc.net/Live/content/downloads/ JACKSONCOUNTY_CA.pdf

Crime

Oregon Annual Uniform Crime Reports- County Specific Tables throughout

http://www.oregon.gov/osp/CJIS/docs/2010/2010_ annual_report.pdf

*County Criminal Justice Fact Sheet- Oregon Criminal Justice Commission 9-2- 2010

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/docs/jackson_co_cj_ fact_sheet.pdf

*DUII Data Book for Oregon Counties, 1999-2008

http://library.state.or.us/ repository/2009/200906301527262/1999-2008. pdf (Jackson on Page 24)

*Oregon Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center- county level crime and drug data

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/Pages/SAC.aspx

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Chronic Disease

Oregon Living Well Data Report-2012- note, data just on study participants, not general population

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/LivingWell/ Documents/Reports/statedata12.pdf

*Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) County Level Data 2008- 2011- limited data on chronic disease, preventable health screening, and modifiable risk behaviors among adults

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Pages/pubs. aspx#data

Chronic Conditions: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20I.pdf

Health protective and risk factors among adults, by race and ethnicity, http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Documents/ table_3_race_oversample_2010-2011.pdf

Preventable Health Screenings: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20III.pdf

Tobacco Prevalence: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20IV.pdf

*Keeping Oregonians Healthy: Preventing Chronic Diseases by reducing tobacco, diet, promoting physical activity & preventive screenings 2007- GREAT TABLES pages 132-148

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Documents/ healthor.pdf

*The Burden of Asthma in Oregon: 2013 Oregon Asthma Program

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Asthma/Pages/ burdenrpt.aspx

Oregon Environmental Public Health Tracking Program - Asthma Report 2000 – 2011

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/ EnvironmentalPublicHealthTracking/Documents/ Reports/AsthmaReport.pdf

Oregon Arthritis Report 2011 – County Specific Data throughout report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Arthritis/ Documents/arthrpt11.pdf

Diabetes Atlas- National Data http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/

*Heart Disease & Stroke in Oregon 2010- Pages 7-10, County Specific Tables

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ HeartDiseaseStroke/Documents/heartstroke_ update2010.pdf

Communicable Disease

*Communicable Disease Summary 2011- great county level maps of infection throughout report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ DiseaseSurveillanceData/AnnualReports/arpt2011/ Documents/ACD_report2011forWEB.pdf

Flu/CD DHS Pandemic Influenza Emergency Management Plan 2008

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ DiseaseSurveillanceData/Influenza/Documents/ panfluplan.pdf

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Compilations

*Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS) Survey 2006-2009 (ALL DATA)

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/AdultBehaviorRisk/ county/index/Pages/index.aspx

*Oregon Health Authority Data Sets/ Reports (data DHS client data, health data etc.)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/pages/data/index.aspx

DHS January 2013 County Quick facts http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/aboutdhs/dhsbudget/ Documents/county-quick-facts-2013.pdf

Demographic

*Census Quick Facts-2010 April http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/41029.html

*Oregon Vital Statistics County Data 2011 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/VitalStatistics/annualreports/ CountyDataBook/cdb2011/Pages/index.aspx

School Enrollment Data: Student Ethnicity 2011-2012 School Year (by district)

http://www.ode.state.or.us/sfda/reports/ r0067Select2.asp

Census: by zip code 2010 http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/spwpd/sua/docs/demographic/2010-state-zipcode-pop.xls

*Oregon Office of Rural Health-Annual Report and community reports- 2009

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/publications/upload/2009-Year-End- Report-Printable.pdf

Community Reports in electronic files

Household composition-By County. PSU Population Research Center

http://mkn.research.pdx.edu/2011/09/whos-home- a-look-at-households-and-housing-in-oregon/

Migration & the economy trends Oregon & county. PSU Population Research Center 2011

http://mkn.research.pdx.edu/2011/05/slow- economy-tempered-oregon-population-growth- over-decade/

Most recent Oregon Population Reports by county: PSU 2012

http://www.pdx.edu/prc/annual-oregon- population-report

**Communities Reporter: Oregon- Best Viewed ON-LINE

http://oe.oregonexplorer.info/rural/ CommunitiesReporter/

Jackson County Community Conditions (11-13-12) No link- in electronic files

Snapshot of Jackson and Josephine Counties (7-12-2012) No link- in electronic files

Southern Oregon Regional Profile http://www.oregoncf.org/Templates/media/files/regional_profiles/southern_or_profile_2011.pdf

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Environmental Health

Public water systems-online data http://170.104.63.9/

Adult Blood Lead Reporting in Oregon 2006-2010

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/9563-AdultLeadReport-FINAL-web_ version.pdf

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Air Quality Annual Report (city specific)

http://www.deq.state.or.us/aq/forms/2011AirQuali tyAnnualReport.pdf

JACKSON COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION ANNUAL REPORT http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Page.asp?NavID=3746

Health Equity

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority1-healthequity.pdf

*NW Health Foundation State of Equity report 2011

http://nwhf.org/images/files/Oregon_State_of_ Equity_Report.pdf

OHA Health Equity Report 2012 No link- in electronic files

CHI Advancing equity in Health Care Reform Implementation 11-2012 No link- in electronic files

National Academy for State Health Policy- State Policymakers’ Guide for Advancing Health Equity Through Health Reform Implementation- August 2012

http://www.nashp.org/sites/default/files/advancing. equity.health.reform.pdf

*Institute of Medicine Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial & Ethnic Disparities in HC: Administrators Brief

http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20 Files/2003/Unequal-Treatment-Confronting- Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparities-in-Health-Care/ DisparitiesAdmin8pg.pdf

Health Rankings

Oregon Benchmarks http://benchmarks.oregon.gov/BMCountyData. aspx

*County Health Rankings 2013 http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/ oregon/2013/jackson/county/outcomes/overall/ snapshot/by-rank

Intimate Partner Violence & Child Abuse

Costs of Intimate Partner Violence in Oregon 2005

http://alliancetoendviolenceagainstwomen.org/wp- content/uploads/2012/07/IPVCosts.pdf

Oregon Violence Against Women Violence Prevention Plan 2005 No link- in electronic files

*IPV Deaths-OHA report 2012 http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/indicators/ intimpartnerviolence.pdf

Oregon DHS Child Welfare Data Book (duplicate)

http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/abuse/pages/ publications/children/index.aspx

Injury

Oregon Health Authority Trauma Registry 2010-2011- Page 22, County level data

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ providerpartnerresources/emstraumasystems/ traumasystems/pages/registry.aspx

State Injury Prevention Policy Report 2012 http://healthyamericans.org/reports/injury12/release.php?stateid=OR

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Obesity, Physical Activity & Nutrition

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority3-obesity.pdf

*Oregon Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity & Nutrition(PAN) Facts, 2012 DHS- county specific table on pages 50-57

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/PhysicalActivity/Documents/ Oregon_PANfactst_2012.pdf

Healthy Active Oregon: Statewide Physical Activity & Nutrition Plan 2007-2012

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/PhysicalActivity/Documents/ PAN_rpt_07.pdf

Oregon DMV Records Report: Obesity Surveillance 2012 (cool report)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/ EnvironmentalPublicHealthTracking/Documents/ Reports/EPHT_DMV_obesity_tracking.pdf

Leightman Maxey Foundation Nutrition Education Symposium Strategic Roadmap Project Final Report (8-16-11)

No link- in electronic files

Occupational Injury

Occupational Health in Oregon 2009

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/OPHP_Occupational%20health%20 in%20Oregon.pdf

Oregon Occupational Health Indicators 2000-2009 data

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/OHI_2000_2009.pdf

Oral Health/ Dental

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority4-oralhealth.pdf

*Oregon Smile Survey 2012 https://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/oralhealth/Pages/Oral-Health- Publications.aspx

Pew States Report on Dental Sealants 2013 http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_ Assets/2013/Pew_dental_sealants_report.pdf

Burden of Oral Disease in Oregon 2006 No link- in electronic files

Poverty

2011 Report on Poverty-Oregon Housing & Community Services

http://www.oregon.gov/ohcs/isd/ra/docs/2011_ oregon_poverty_report.pdf (page 32)

Ending Homelessness-10-year plan to end Homelessness in Oregon

Jackson County Report

http://www.oregon.gov/ohcs/pdfs/2011_ehac_ annual_report.pdf

http://www.co.jackson.or.us/files/10 Year_Plan_to_ End_Homelessness.pdf

Key Workforce Challenges: More Severe in Oregon’s Rural Areas November 2012

http://www.qualityinfo.org/olmisj/ ArticleReader?itemid=00008442

54

Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Prenatal/ Maternal Health

Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 1998-2008 data by topic- state data

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/DataReports/prams/Pages/ topics.aspx

Oregon Perinatal Data Book 2007 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/DataReports/ PerinatalDataBook/Pages/index.aspx

*Oregon Home Visiting Needs Assessment Report 2012-County Specific starts on page 50

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/Babies/HomeVisiting/ Documents/Jackson.pdf

Women, Infant and Children (WIC) Program County Specific Fact Sheets

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/wic/Documents/annual/ annual_jackson.pdf

ALERT Childhood Immunization Rates- 2 year old completion(County Specific)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/VaccinesImmunization/ Documents/county/Jackson.pdf

Rural Health Care Access

OHA Report: Oregon’s Uninsured Analysis 2011. County Level Data, Pages 10-14

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/OHPR/RSCH/docs/ uninsured/oregonuninsured_2009finalreport.pdf

Oregon Health Plan Managed Care Enrollment Reports-Monthly by County- View On-line

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/healthplan/pages/ data_pubs/enrollment/main.aspx

OHA Economically Disadvantaged & Uninsured Populations 2012

No link- in electronic files

Oregon Federally Qualified Rural Health Clinic Report 2011

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/clinics/upload/2011-RHC-Report-for-the- web.pdf

*Oregon Office of Rural Health 2012 Areas of Unmet HC Need in Rural Oregon Report- County Specific Tables throughout

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/upload/2012-Unmet-Need-Report.pdf

Oregon Office of Rural Health Community Profiles

No link- in electronic files

*SUMMARY- 2012 MUA, HPSA and Unmet Need report Oregon by city/county

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/upload/Designations-of-Health-Care- Shortage-Report.pdf

Seniors Rogue Valley Council of Governments Area Agency on Aging 2013-2016 Area Plan http://www.rvcog.org/ftp/2013-2016_RVCOG_ Area_Agency_on_Aging_Four-Year_Area_ Plan/2013-2016_RVCOG_AAA_Area_Plan.pdf

55

Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Tobacco

Oregon Tobacco Facts & Laws 2011 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ tobfacts.pdf

OHP Tobacco Cessation Services Report 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/healthplan/ DataReportsDocs/2012%20Tobacco%20 Cessation%20Services%20Survey.pdf

Oregon Tobacco Quit Line Data https://www.box.com/quitlinereports/

*Oregon County Tobacco Fact Sheet http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ countyfacts/jackfac.pdf

Oregon Quit line Utilization Dashboard County Report-NOVEMBER 2012 report

all months site link: http://public.health.oregon. gov/PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Pages/ pubs.aspx#quitlinedashboard

Burden of Tobacco among Medicaid clients in Oregon

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ medicaidburden.pdf

*Vital Signs: Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults Aged >18 Years with Mental Illness- United States 2009-2011

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ mm6205a2.htm?s_cid=mm6205a2_w

4 page consumer fact sheet: http://www.cdc.gov/ VitalSigns/pdf/2013-02-vitalsigns.pdf

Transportation Report on Existing Conditions, United We Ride Plan, for Rogue Valley 2012 http://www.ammatransitplanning.com/ clientp01/client01sub1/UWR_Existing%20 Conditions_071312.docx

Community Health Assessment Focus Group Guide & Questions

We asked you to come here today to provide input to the Josephine Jackson County community health assessment project. The purpose of the focus group is to learn from you what you think about health and what, in your opinion, affects your, your family’s, and your community’s health and wellness. AllCare, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect are sponsoring these groups, and the information will be used to increase our understanding of community health issues and for planning our programs and services so that they fit the needs of the community. There will be lots of questions today, most that we won’t be able to answer today. We will record your questions and they will be included in our report.

Once we hear from our other groups, we can send information about what we learned and what we are doing with the information to anyone who is interested. We will also have a final report and action plan that details everything we hear during these meetings.

Polling Questions

1. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important ingredients for a “Healthy Community?” (Those factors which most improve the quality of life in a community.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Good place to raise children ___ Low level of child abuse/domestic violence ___ Good schools ___ Access to health care (e.g., family doctor) ___ Parks and recreation ___ Clean environment ___ Affordable housing ___ Good jobs and healthy economy ___ Healthy behaviors and lifestyles ___ Religious or spiritual values ___ Other______________

56

57

2. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important “health problems” in our community? (Those problems which have the greatest impact on overall community health.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Problems from aging such as (e.g., arthritis,hearing/vision loss, etc.) ___ Cancer ___ Child abuse /domestic violence/rape ___ Dental problems ___ Diabetes ___ Heart disease and stroke ___ Infectious Diseases (e.g., hepatitis, TB, etc.) ___ Mental health problems ___ Respiratory / lung disease

___ Other ___________________

3. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important “risky behaviors” in our community? (Those behaviors which have the greatest impact on overall community health.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Alcohol abuse ___ Being overweight ___ Drug abuse ___ Lack of exercise ___ Poor eating habits ___ Tobacco use ___ Not using birth control (unprotected sex) ___ Reckless driving ___ Not seeing a health provider when you need care ___ Other____

4. How would rate our community as a “Healthy Community?”

___ Very unhealthy ___ Unhealthy ___ Somewhat healthy ___ Healthy ___ Very healthy 5. How would you rate your personal health?

___ Very unhealthy ___ Unhealthy ___ Somewhat healthy ___ Healthy ___ Very healthy

58

6.. How do you pay for most of your health care?

___ Pay cash (no insurance) ___ Health insurance (e.g., private insurance, Blue Shield, HMO) ___ Medicaid (OHP) ___ Medicare ___ Veterans’ Administration ___ Indian Health Services ___ Other ____________________

7. Have you had a dental exam/teeth cleaning in the last 12 months? _____Yes _____ No

8. I currently live with a chronic disease like Diabetes, Asthma, Heart Disease, Arthritis, COPD or other chronic condition.

___ Yes ___No

9. I have received health care services when I needed them in the last 12 months.

Strongly agree Agree Somewhat agree Neutral Somewhat disagree Disagree Strongly disagree

10. What county do you live in?

Josephine Jackson

11. What is your age?

59

25 or under 26-39 40-54 55-64 65 or over

12. What is your sex?

Female Male

13. Which ethnic group do you most identify with?

African American/Black Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic/Latino Native American White/Caucasian Biracial/more than one Other

14. What is your marital status?

Married or living with somebody Not married, dating, single, widowed or divorced

15. What is the highest level of education you have completed?

Less than high school diploma High school diploma or GED College degree or certificate Advanced Degree (masters or more) Other

16. What is your approximate annual household income?

Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $49,000 $50,000-$75,000 Over $75,000 I don’t know

60

Discussion Questions: Do you think people in your community are healthy? Why? Why not? What affects the health of you & your family the most? Tell me about your biggest health concern in your community? What do you think we (as a community) can do to enhance health?

Draft Community Health Assessment

Jackson County

2013

George Adams Don Bruland Larry Gershowitz Diane Hoover Sandi Larsen Laura McKeane Meadow Martell Rich Rohde Ed Smith-Burns Caryn Wheeler Cynthia Ackerman Shannon Cronin Bevin Hansell Heidi Hill Jennifer Lind Maggie Rollins Belle Shepherd Kari Swoboda

Acknowledgements

Primary Consultant, Technical Writer

Vanessa A Becker, M.P.H., Principal. V Consulting & Associates Inc.

www.vconsults.com

A special thanks to:

Introduction The purpose of the Community Health Assessment (CHA) is to provide a macro view of community health issues in Josephine and Jackson Counties. It completes this by cataloging and reviewing applicable data related to the health of the community at a county level. The process of the CHA is as important and vital to the community as the document that is produced. The document assists Coordinated Care Organizations in planning and prioritizing efforts that ultimately improve health outcomes, the health of individuals and communities and reduce health care costs. The process serves to engage community members in identifying trends and opportunities to improve the health of their community. The primary audience of the process and the resulting CHA document is the CCO Community Advisory Council (CAC) membership.

Three Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) came together in January of 2013 to collaborate on a single, collective community health assessment over two counties in Southwestern Oregon. Pooling resources, reducing duplication of effort and meeting funding mandates motivated the three organizations to secure a contract with a consultant to lead and facilitate a community health assessment. The Josephine and Jackson Community Health Assessment was completed to meet the needs for AllCare Health Plan, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect.

The Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model was the basis of the Community Health Assessment process. The MAPP process is a national best practice and recognized by the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) as a process for community health assessment. Due to the resources and time required for a thorough MAPP process, the collaborative agreed upon a modified MAPP model with a time line of January 2013-December 2013.

Data used in the community health assessment included secondary data sets, those data sets that were collected by another organization or group. These included needs assessments, census and other demographic data, epidemiology data on incidence, prevalence and percentages of health status at local, county, state and national population groups. Primary data, collected by those leading the Jackson and Josephine County Community Health Assessment, was also collected via key informant interviews and several focus groups across both counties.

The CHA document begins by outlining the process that was completed in 2013, then proceeds to list notable demographic trends in each county, identify individual and community health status issues and ends with a summary of community perceptions of health. Suggestions for next steps for the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP) are found at the end of each county section.

Although the full document separates both counties into their own reports, health status data, demographic trends and focus group data were similar across both counties. Focus group and key informant data were also fairly consistent with the demographic and epidemiological picture of the counties, with few distinct differences.

The Community Health Assessment is not meant to be a static document or an all-inclusive document. It is designed to complement other community efforts, plans and assessments and will be added to and changed over the next several years as community health and perceptions of health change. The CHA is not intended to be a rigorous research study, a catalog of service gaps, nor is it designed to extensively evaluate the efficacy and validity of existing community data. Instead, it is intended to provide a macro view of available community data and help to identity community trends to assist with planning.

“I appreciate that all three CCOs are working together on this—it’s hopeful. I’m super glad they are listening. —Focus Group Participant

Community Health Assessment (CHA) Process Josephine and Jackson Counties 2013

Preliminary data collection: Identify previous community assessments

Secondary quantitative data collection

Process Activity

Web based search

Key informant interviews

Analysis of secondary data for themes: Review and prioritize health status data

Health status data review

Review by consultant, CACC (Committee of reps from all 4 CACs working on CHA)

Collection of primary data: Collect qualitative data Community focus groups

Site champions (from CACC) work w/ consultant to complete focus groups

Key informant interviews of professionals in health sector

Final inventory and analysis: Incorporate health status data priorities, focus group data, key informant interviews

Review by Consultant, CACC for themes, prioritization of what to present and needs for future data collection

Write and share: Community Health Assessment document

Document presented for approval by: 1. CACC, to 2. CACs to 3. CCO Boards

Timeline

Spring 2013

September 2013

October 2013

November 2013

Winter/Spring 2013

Process The Jackson and Josephine county Community Health Assessment synthesizes several months of collecting, cataloging and reviewing data related to the health of residents living in Jackson and Josephine county. The process represents collaboration with three Coordinated Care Organizations (CCOs) and spans two counties in Southwestern Oregon. It is the first step in an ongoing process of community health assessment, planning and improvement.

The purpose of the Community Health Assessment (CHA) is to provide a macro view of community health issues in the county. This is accomplished by cataloging and reviewing applicable community health status data and gathering additional data from the community about their health priorities and perceptions. The process serves to engage community members in identifying trends and opportunities to improve the health of their community. The resulting CHA document assists organizations in planning and prioritizing efforts that ultimately lead to the triple aim of improving health outcomes, improving individual and community health, and reducing costs.

Community Health Assessments are required for Coordinated Care Organizations. Three CCOs came together in January of 2013 and decided to collaborate on a single, collective community health assessment. The Josephine and Jackson County Community Health Assessment was designed to meet the needs for AllCare Health Plan, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect Coordinated Care Organizations and their four Community Advisory Councils (CACs).

Framework and Process A desire to pool resources, reduce duplication of effort and meet mandates motivated the collaborative orgainzations to secure a contract with a consultant to lead and facilitate the community health assessment. A contract was secured with V Consulting & Associates to lead the process and provide technical writing.

The Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model was then chosen as the basis of the Community Health Assessment process. The MAPP process is a national best practice and recognized by the Oregon Health Authority (OHA) as a process for community health assessment. MAPP enables enhanced understanding of the complex influences on community health, through thoughtful and deliberate data collection and analysis. Due to the resources and time required for a thorough MAPP process, the collaborative group agreed upon a modified MAPP model with a time line of January 2013-December 2013.

The work of the CHA was completed by the consultant and a workgroup of representatives from all four CACs. The workgroup was titled the Community Advisory Council CHA Committee (CACC). CACC members provided leadership to the process, assisted with primary data collection and focus groups, and were advocates for the process to their CCO Board of Directors and the larger community. Engagement of the CAC members (via the CACC) was vital to the process, providing an opportunity for the CAC to meet Oregon Administrative Rules (OAR) requirements for overseeing the Community Health Assessment, increase individual knowledge about community health and health care transformation.

The CACC reviewed and edited the first preliminary draft of the CHA document. The four CAC’s were then given an opportunity to review the document and then recommend the document be accepted and submitted to the Oregon Health Authority by the CCO Board of Directors by their January 1, 2014 deadline.

CHNA Required by IRS Focus is to identify and assess access and needs of community the hospital is serving.

Documentation must include written report.

See Patient Protection and Affordable Care Act requirements for 501(c)3 hospitals. Led by hospital

Every 3 years

CCO Required by Oregon Health Authority Purpose is to assess entire community served by CCO, not just Medicaid population. Tied to responsibility of CCO in creating the Triple Aim: Better care, better health and reduced costs.

Led by CCO, with CAC involvement.

Proposed to be every 3 years

Public Health Accreditation

Required by Public Health Accreditation Board (PHAB)

Collaborative process resulting in a comprehensive community health Assessment.

Led by County Public Health with collabrative partners.

Every 5 years (could be on a 3 year cycle)

BIP Required by Oregon Health Authority Collaborative process resulting in a comprehensive community health Assessment.

Led by County Public Health with collabrative partners.

Every 5 years (could be on a 3 year cycle)

Plans and Processes requiring Community Health Assessments

Community Health Needs Assessment

Biennial Improvement Plan

Coordinated Care Organization

Data Assumptions and Priorities The large volume of available data sets necessitated setting priorities about what data to collect and analyze. Collecting and cataloging data was completed with the following assumptions and priorities.

• Data accessible online was preferable—particularly if able to save in PDF or another readable/printable format

• Collect data on entire community, not just on Medicaid/Oregon Health Plan population, identify county specific data when available

• Collect epidemiology data on health status, prevalence, incidence of disease • Collect data on social determinants of health-such as poverty, unemployment,

homelessness • Collect data on services related to health • Collect data within the last seven years, the newer the data the better • Older data was allowed if there was lack of data in that particular type of data • Data on chronic disease, mental and behavioral health and addictions were

emphasized • Data updated regularly and/or part of a larger, reliable data system/ tracking effort

Data assumptions and priorities were established at the onset of the MAPP process in January 2013. The initial data collection and analysis (meta-analysis) took place from January to May of 2013. Results from the meta-analysis were presented to the CACs and CCO boards in May. All data that was collected was cataloged into a spreadsheet titled the “data sources.” The data sources document was and will be continually added to and serve as a community resource of available health status data. PDF versions of all available data sets and assessments were organized in a series of online folders—ensuring accessibility for all leadership team and CAC members.

Types of Data The community health assessment included secondary data sets, those data sets that were collected by another organization or group. These included existing needs assessments, epidemiology data on incidence, prevalence and percentages of health status at local, county, state and national population groups. Secondary data at the local (zip code) and county level was utilized when available. Primary data, data collected by those leading the CHA, was also collected via key informant interviews and focus groups across Jackson and Josephine county.

Limitations The Community Health Assessment is not meant to stand on its own, but is a process and document designed to complement other community efforts, plans and assessments. It is not a complete collection of all community health needs or health data. It relies heavily on secondary data assessments and there are many notable gaps in readily available local, county, state and national data. The CHA is also not a rigorous research study, nor is it designed to extensively evaluate the efficacy and validity of existing community data. While the CHA identifies many critical health issues, it is not inclusive of every possible health-related issue. Instead, it is intended to provide a macro view of available community data, help to identify community trends, and help to illustrate the need for more detailed local data.

The CHA document is a dynamic and changing document and will be added to and changed over the next several years as community health and perceptions of health change.

Contents Jackson County: People and Place 1 Location and Physical Characteristics

Demographic Trends & Population Characteristics Migration and Growth

Growth in Elderly Population

Poverty

Homelessness

Education

Disabilities

Crime

Health Status: Individual and Community Health 11 County Health Rankings

Morbidity & Mortality in Jackson County Chronic Disease & Conditions

Mental Health

Addictions

Health Behavior & Lifestyle Factors Tobacco

Obesity

Additional Social Determinants of Health Food Insecurity

Health System Access to Medical Care

Community Perceptions of Health 29 Focus Groups

Key Informant Interviews: System of Care Strengths and Opportunities

The Community Health Improvement Plan & Next Steps Utilizing the CHA for Planning

Jackson County Community Health Assessment Data Sources Sampling of Available Data Sources 2012-2013

Focus Group Guide & Questions

1 - Jackson final version

Jackson County: People and Place Location and Physical Characteristics

Jackson County is a county located in Southwestern Oregon along the border with California. It is considered one of the more rugged parts of the state with multiple climates and geography within its 2,081 square miles. The terrain and geography is diverse including large broad valleys, deep river valleys and sparsely populated mountainous areas. There are hundreds of hills, valleys and waterways including the Rogue River and Bear Creek.

Interstate 5 (I-5) runs through the county and the only urban areas lie along the I-5 corridor, in the broader valley areas of Medford and Ashland. The total population in Jackson County is 206,412 (2012). The population centers in Jackson County include Medford, Ashland, Phoenix, Central Point and Talent. These centers account for 60% of the total county population, with the remaining 40% of the county population living in many thinly populated rural areas. There are 11 incorporated cities in Jackson County and 34 unincorporated communities. The largest incorporated city is the county seat of Medford.

Demographic Trends & Population Characteristics Migration and Growth Jackson County exceeded the average state growth from 2004-2008. However, from 2008- 2010, during the economic downturn the county saw the growth trend change to the negative as many residents out-migrated from the county to find jobs out of state or in the larger urban areas of the state in the Willamette Valley. Like many Southwestern Oregon counties, local population statistics began showing that younger families were leaving the area for more metropolitan counties to find jobs shortly after the downturn.

2002-2004 2004-2006 2006-2008 2008-2010 2010-2012

2.2% 3.0% 2.7% 1.2%

1.2%1.9%

3.8% 3.3%

-1.0%

0.7%

Percent Population Change 2002 -2012

Oregon

Jackson County

Source: PSU Population Research Center

0

2 - Jackson final version

At the same time, the county continued to see a steady influx of seniors to the county, largely from out of state. Both the exodus of younger and often higher socioeconomic level populations and the influx of older demographic groups in the county ultimately influences the health status and burden for care on the community. The percentage of 60 and over is expected to continue to rise within the county, while percentages of younger ages continues to diminish. Growth in Elderly Population

According to 2012 census data, 18.8% of the county population is over 65-years-old, higher than the state average of 14.9%. Jackson County joins many other counties in Southern Oregon with distinctly higher average ages and higher percentages of elderly living in the county than more metropolitan counties.

6%

6%

12%

18%

32%

26%

Age Distribution Jackson County 2012

under 5

5 to

9

10 to

19

20 to 34

35 to

60

60 and over

Source: 2012 US Census

Population Forecast by Age, 2010-2040, Jackson County

0-4 5-9 10-14 15-19 20-24 25-29 30-34 35-39 40-44 45-49 50-54 55-59 60-64 65-69 70-74 75-79 80-84 85+ 0

2000

4000

6000

8000

10000

12000

14000

16000

18000

Age

2010 2040

Source: Office of Economic Analysis, Department of Administrative Services, State of Oregon

3 - Jackson final version

Poverty Nearly one in four children in Jackson County live in poverty, creating significant challenges to their overall health and long-term development.

15.8% of the total county population lives in poverty (2008-2011), slightly higher than the state average of 14.8%.

Poverty has tremendous impact on individual and community outcomes and was consistently brought up in the community focus groups related to access to health care services, housing, access to healthy food and nutrition.

“I think the health of the people in our community varies from very healthy to poor health. Some groups are very physically active and health conscious with good incomes and other sub-groups are impacted by very low incomes, inadequate housing and childcare, which produces high levels of stress and negatively impacts health.”—Focus Group Participant

under 18 years 18-64 years 65 years and older 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

Percent living below poverty level by age Jackson County 2009-2011

Source: U.S. Census Bureau, 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

4 - Jackson final version

Josephine 18.8%

Curry 14.2%

Jackson 15.8%

Coos 16.0%

Klamath 18.1%

Lake 18.7%

Douglas 16.0% Harney

20.5%

17.4% 11.4%

Malheur 22.6%

15.8%

21.0% 15.9%

20.2%

15.8% 16.2%

12.6%

12.7% Baker 20.0%

17.3%

12.8% 9.5% 19.4%

10%16.5% 18.6%10.4%17.6%

9.9% 16.6%

16.4%

15.9%14.8%

11.8% 14.2%

So ur

ce : 5

-y ea

r A

m er

ic an

C om

m un

ity S

ur ve

y Es

tim at

es

Percent In Poverty By County

5 - Jackson final version

Homelessness Homelessness continues to be a challenge for many living in Jackson County. Causes of homelessness vary, they include drug and alcohol abuse, high rents, domestic violence and unemployment.

Children who experience homelessness are more likely to be at risk for violent crime, lower educational outcomes and higher rates of substance abuse. Nearly all districts in Jackson County listed K-12 grade students experiencing homelessness with most districts far exceeding the state average.

Source: Oregon Department of Education

Pinehurst SD 94 Central Point SD 6

Ashland SD 5 Phoenix-Talent SD 4

Prospect SD 59 Eagle Point SD 9

Rogue River SD 35 Medford SD 549C

Butte Falls SD 91 Statewide

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Students, grades k-12, experiencing homelessness Jackson County 2009-2010

Ja ck

so n

C o

u n

ty S

ch o

o l D

is tr

ic ts

6 - Jackson final version

Causes of Homelessness Jackson County 2013

Pregnancy

Child abuse

Runaway

Gambling

Credit

Poor rental history

By choice

Evicted by landlord

Kicked out by family/friends

Criminal history

Medical problem

Mental or emotional disorder

Unemployed

Domestic violence

Drug/alcohol (in home)

Couldn't afford rent

Drug/alcohol (in self)

Source: One Night Homeless Count 2011-2013, Jackson County Homeless Task Force

7 - Jackson final version

Disabilities

Jackson County has an estimated 29,079 adults with disabilities according to the recent Area Agency on Aging 2013-2016 plan. Types of disabilities are varied, with ambulatory difficulty being the highest, cognitive being a close second.

Education High school graduation rates at the county level are similar to state averages, typically showing 88-89% of the population being a high school graduate or higher.

For those that have less than a high school degree (or equivalent) poverty is markedly higher—they are twice as likely than those with some college to live in poverty.

Source: 2009-2011 American Community Survey 3-Year Estimates

Less than high school graduate

High school graduate (includes equivalency)

Some college, associate's degree

Bachelor's degree or higher

00% 05% 10% 15% 20% 25%

Poverty rate for Jackson County residents 25-years and over by educational attainment, 2009-2011

Poverty Level

Source: 2011 American Community Survey 1-Year Estimates

ambulatory difficulty

cognitive difficulty

independent living difficulty

hearing difficulty

self-care difficulty

vision difficulty

0% 1% 2% 3% 4% 5% 6% 7% 8% 9%

Percentage adults with a disability Jackson County 2011

8 - Jackson final version

Race & Ethnicity Jackson County demographics for race and ethnicity are quite similar to state averages, with over 17% of residents identifying as a minority population. Hispanic or Latino represent 11.4% of the population in the county, followed by people identifying as being from two or more ethnic groups.

Public school enrollment statistics are similar to census numbers in most districts. The Phoenix- Talent School District shows the highest numbers of minorities, followed by Medford and Eagle Point.

Health outcomes for racial and ethnic minorities continue to be worse, and percentages of insured minorities are also lower. Although specific county-level data for uninsured by race/ethnicity is not currently available, it is important to note that Hispanic groups have significantly higher chances of being uninsured statewide. Every minority race and ethnic group has higher rates of uninsurance when compared with Caucasian populations, presenting significant barriers to accessing health care and health disparities. It is interesting to note that outside the Portland Metro area, Jackson County has some of the highest percentages of race and ethnic diversity in the state.

White Alone Black Asian Pacific Islanders Asian Multi Hispanic 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

40%

45%

Oregon uninsured rates by race/ethnicity, 2011 Ages 0-18 Ages 19-64

So u rc

e: 2

0 1 1 O

re g o n H

ea lt h In

su ra

n ce

S u rv

ey

9 - Jackson final version

Employment Unemployment in Jackson County continues to be higher than state and national averages. Although the trend shows slight decreases in the seasonally adjusted unemployment rates from the Oregon Employment Department, they continue to hover around 10% annually, nearly 3% higher than the national average.

Residents of Jackson County work predominantly in educational services, health care, social assistance, and retail.

Unemployment and its effects on poverty and health continue to be felt by county residents and it was discussed frequently in focus groups.

“Multiple families are living under one roof since the economy went downhill, it affects everyone’s health.” —Focus Group participant

unemployed

agriculture, forestry, fishing. hunting, and mining

construction

manufacturing

wholesale trade

retail trade

transportation warehousing, utilities

information

finance and insurance, real estate, rental, leasing

professional, scientific, management, administrative, waste management

educational services, health care, social assistance

arts, entertainment, recreation, accommodation, food services

other services, except public administration

public administration

Percent employed by business sector Jackson County and Oregon 2009-2011 Jackson

Oregon

source: 2009-2011 american community survey 3-year estimates

10 - Jackson final version

Jan-06 Aug-06 Mar-07 Oct-07 May-08 Dec-08 Jul-09 Feb-10 Sep-10 Apr-11 Nov-11 Jun-12 0

20

40

60

80

100

120

Drug Arrests- Oregon State and Jackson County

All drugs- Oregon

Jackson- All drugs

Oregon Meth

Jackson Meth

Oregon Heroin

Jackson Heroin

6 m

o n th

m o vi

n g a

ve ra

g e

Crime Crime continues to be a challenge for residents living in Jackson County. The Report of Oregon Offenses Known to Law Enforcement lists Jackson County as fourth highest in the state for property crimes (out of 36), ninth for person crimes and eleventh for behavior crimes in 2010. Drug arrests continue to outpace state averages of arrests for all drug categories, but notably higher for methamphetamine.

“Meth use is high and scares me because of all the robberies, stealing, dirty needles and stuff.” —Focus Group participant

Source: Criminal Justice Commission, Statistical Analysis Center

11 - Jackson final version

Health Status: Individual and Community Health County Health Rankings The County Health Rankings is a collaborative project supported by the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation. The rankings evaluate counties based on causes of death (mortality), types of illnesses (morbidity) and those factors that lead to poor health outcomes. The rankings provide a measurement tool to compare county-to-county, as well as comparison to state and national benchmarks. The most recent rankings were released in March 2013 and rankings are available for nearly every county in the United States. The rankings look at a variety of measures that affect health. Although released annually, some of the data sets that are used in the development of the rankings are older so it is important to not look at county rankings exclusively when evaluating the health status of Jackson County.

Jackson County was ranked in the middle percentile, ranking 13th out of 33 ranked Oregon Counties (health outcomes category), this was improved by two positions in 2012. Mortality (death) was ranked 10th out of 32, morbidity (disease) was ranked at 18th out of 32.

Morbidity & Mortality in Jackson County Mortality (death) and causes of death have changed in Jackson County over the last 75 years, consistent with state and national trends. Many advances in science, medicine, living and working conditions have contributed to changes in causes of death and life expectancy. The major causes of premature death in Jackson County are chronic conditions, consistent with a nationwide epidemic of chronic disease and conditions.

Health Outcomes Oregon Counties 2013

County Rank Baker 33 Benton 2 Clackamas 5 Clatsop 12 Columbia 19 Coos 28 Crook 8 Curry 26 Deschutes 7 Douglas 30 Gilliam not ranked

Grant 1 Harney 20 Hood River 3 Jackson 13 Jefferson 32 Josephine 29 Klamath 31 Lake 22 Lane 17 Lincoln 24 Linn 23 Malheur 10 Marion 14 Morrow 16 Multnomah 15 Polk 9 Sherman not ranked

Tillamook 25 Umatilla 27 Union 21 Wallowa 18 Wasco 11 Washington 4 Wheeler not ranked

Yamhill 6

12 - Jackson final version

Death from cancer, heart disease and lower respiratory disease is significantly higher in Jackson County than the state or Healthy People 2020 goal. Rates of suicide and unintentional injuries are three times higher in Jackson County than national goals and double the state average. Healthy People 2020 provides national benchmark goals for communities and organizations that create and administer health improvement plans. They are evidence-based national objectives designed to help communities monitor progress and evaluate success. Jackson County rates are at least double that of the Healthy People benchmark goals in cancer, heart disease and chronic respiratory disease.

Jackson County joins many of its neighboring counties with high incidences of cancer. Breast Cancer, Prostate, Lung and Colorectal cancers continue to be the leading types of cancer in Jackson County, a consistent trend for the last decade.

Sources: Oregon Health Division County Data Book 2011, Healthy People 2020

cancer

heart disease

chronic lower respiratory disease

alzheimer's disease

cerebrovascluar disease

unintentional injuries

diabetes-linked

suicide

alcohol induced

0 100 200 300 400 500

Jackson County

Oregon

HP2020

Rate per 100,000

Leading causes of death per 100,000 Jackson County, Oregon, Healthy People 2020

13 - Jackson final version

Chronic Disease & Conditions Prevalence of chronic conditions in Jackson County are close to many state averages. The County age-adjusted population data shows a high burden of high blood cholesterol, high blood pressure and arthritis in the county.

So u

rc e:

O re

g o

n B

R FS

S C

o u

n ty

C o

m b

in ed

D at

as et

2

0 0

6 -2

0 0

9

stroke

heart attack

angina

diabetes

asthma

arthritis

high blood pressure

high blood cholesterol

5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30% 35%

2%

3%

3%

6%

8%

25%

27%

35%

2%

3%

3%

7%

10%

26%

26%

33%

Prevalence of population with chronic conditions, 2006-2009 Jackson County Oregon

Source: Oregon Public Health Authority, Cancer in Oregon report, 2010

all breast colorectal lung prostate 0

100

200

300

400

500

600

Leading types of cancer, Jackson County 2001-2010

2001-2005- County

2001-2005- State

2006-2010-County

2006-2010-State

In ci

de nc

e pe

r 10

0, 00

0

The burden of chronic conditions for those on Oregon insurance programs, such as the Oregon Health Plan, show a similar pattern as the county population. Oregon Health Plan patients, enrolled in one of the three CCO’s in Josephine and Jackson Counties, show high rates of tobacco use, diabetes, asthma, obesity and chemical dependency.

rheumatoid arthritis chemical dependency

tobacco use cystic fibrosis

hemophilia low birth weight

chronic coronary heart disease (CHF) chronic ischemic heart disease (CIHD)

hypertension stroke

diabetes chronic kidney disease (ESRD)

chronic liver disease/cirrhosis (liver) hepatitis c (HEP C)

HIV/AIDS attention deficit disorder (ADD)

alzheimers anorexia autism

bipolar disorder borderline personality disorder

dementia depression

post-tramatic stress disorder (PTSD) schizophrenia breast cancer

colorectal cancer leukemia

lung cancer ovarian cancer

prostate cancer epilepsy

multiple sclerosis (MS) paralysis

asthma chronic bronchitis

chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) emphysema

obesity

0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90

Average rate chronic conditions October 2013 AllCare Health Plan, Primary Health, Jackson Care Connect combined data

rate per 1,000 clients (counted if client had at least 2 claims in last 3 years)

So u

rce: O reg

o n

H ealth

A u

th o

rity 2 0

1 3

15 - Jackson final version

Oral and Dental Health National and state level data show that tooth decay is five times more common than asthma in Oregon children. Dental health should be a priority concern for the County and State. In Oregon, oral disease is on the rise and is not limited by socio-economic status, race or ethnicity, or age according to a recent resources scan and needs assessment commissioned by the Oregon Community Foundation.

The 2012 Oregon Smile Survey grouped counties into regions, Jackson County being in Region 4 with Coos, Curry, Josephine, Klamath, Lane, and Douglas. The region has higher percentages of cavities, untreated decay and rampant decay in children.

Although the rise in oral disease is not limited to socio- economic status, the dental health of children in the region was far worse for those with lower incomes.

Dental prevention and access to dental care was consistently mentioned in all focus groups in the county. Of those children enrolled in Medicaid in the county, the majority did not have sealants (a common preventive dental practice).

“We see kids with swollen faces from abscesses and dental problems—their parents are like, ‘I don’t know what to do, won’t it just heal?’ It affects their ability to be at school and learn.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: Oregon Smile Survey 2012 Region 4 includes Coos, Curry, Douglas, Jackson, Josephine, Klamath, Lane

had a cavity

untreated decay

rampant decay

62%

66%

70%

38%

34%

30%

Oral health status children grades 1-3 by household income region 4, 2012

lower income

higher income

Oral health status children grades 1-3, 2012

16 - Jackson final version

Mental Health

Close to 65% of residents in Jackson County describe themselves as having good mental health. Although that is close to the state average, it still shows that close to 1 in 3 people don’t consider themselves as having good mental health. When people don’t feel as though their mental health is good, health-related quality of life is reduced.

Oregon Jackson County

66% 64%

Oregon Adults in Good Mental Health Jackson County and Oregon, 2006-2009

So u

rc e:

O re

g o n B

eh av

io ra

l R is

k Fa

ct o r

Su rv

ei lla

n ce

S ys

te m

Source: EPSDT Measure, DCO Performance Measurement 2010-2011

Totals Ages 1-2 Ages 3-5 Ages 6-9 Ages 10-14 Ages 15-18 Ages 19-20

4894

1853

2455 2353 2541

1942

913 638

0 6 308 330

73 1

Youth Medicaid Population with Dental Coverage and Sealants Jackson County 2010-2011

Enrolled

Received Sealants

17 - Jackson final version

Rates of suicide deaths have been typically been higher than the state rate, with the highest rate being 26.6 deaths per 100,000. Suicide is highly correlated with depression, intimate partner violence and several mental health disorders.

Suicide, depression and harassment in youth is also higher in Jackson County than state averages. Bullying and harassment of youth was another reoccurring theme in the focus groups.

“Bullying is destroying our future.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey, 2012

21%

16% 16% 14%

9% 8%

Youth Harassment Multiple Grades Josphine County 2012

Grade 6 County

Grade 6 State

Grade 8 County

Grade 8 State

Grade 11 County

Grade11 State

Harassment because "someone said that you were gay, lesbian, bisexual or transgender”

Source: Oregon Vital Records

2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 2012 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

Rate of suicide deaths, all ages 2000-2012 — Jackson County

Jackson Oregon

Ra te

p er

1 00

0 po

pu la

ti on

18 - Jackson final version

Youth experiencing mental health crisis is increasing in the county, as evidenced by increasing ER visits and hospital admissions.

Source: 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey

Depression Suicidal ideation Attemps

26%

16%

8%

23%

13%

6%

Youth Depression, Suicide Ideation, and Attempts Jackson County

Jackson County

Oregon State

A ve

ra g

es G

ra d es

6 ,8

,1 1

Source: Rouge River Medical Center

2008 2009 2010 2011 2012

358

471 497 538

584

37 34 55 69 92

ER Visits and Hospital Admissions for Youth Experiencing Mental Health Crisis Jackson County 2008-2012

ER Visits

Total Admissions

19 - Jackson final version

Addictions Jackson County residents have significant issues with addictions to alcohol, tobacco, other drugs and gambling. Binge drinking, in both genders is higher than state averages, and higher than neighboring counties. Excessive heavy alcohol consumption can contribute to chronic health issues, including heart disease, cirrhosis of the liver, high blood pressure, stroke, coma and death. 15% of Jackson County adults drink excessively, twice the national benchmark of 7%. Heavy or excessive drinking is defined as adults consuming more than one (women) or two (men) beverages per day on average.

Source: Jackson County Suicide Prevention Coalition, 2013

Jackson County National National Need 0

5

10

15

20

25

30

10

16.5

25.9

Psychiatric Mental Health Providers Accepting New Medicare Clients —Jackson County

ra te

p er

1 0

0 ,0

0 0

So u rc

e: O

re g o n B

eh av

io ra

l R is

k Fa

ct o r

Su rv

ei lla

n ce

S ys

te m

Oregon Jackson County 0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

Male and Female Heavy Drinking, 2006-2009

Male

Female

5% 6% 6%

8%

Seniors in the county are also challenged in accessing psychiatric services. The rate of Psychiatric Mental Health Providers accepting new Medicare clients is very low compared to the national need.

20 - Jackson final version

The rate of DUII (driving under the influence of intoxicants) is a data set reviewed when evaluating impact of addictions on a community. For well over a decade, rates of DUII has been higher in Jackson County than the state average.

Drug and alcohol use is not a problem exclusively in adults. Jackson County shows youth reporting higher rates of cigarette, alcohol, binge drinking, marijuana and illicit drug use than state averages, for grade school through high school.

“Kids come back from lunch [at my school] visibly high—having smoked their parents’ stash at lunch. Everybody knows who the smokers are here, but there isn’t much that we can do about it.” —Focus Group Participant

Source: 2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey

smoked cigarettes alcohol binge drinking marijuana any illicit drugs 0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45 50

Youth Drug Use — Jackson County 2012

p er

ce n ta

g e

us ed

in p

as t

3 0

d ay

s

grade 6- county grade 6- state grade 8- county grade 8- state grade 11- county grade 11-state

Source: DUII Data Book for Oregon Counties, 1999-2008

1999 2000 2001 2002 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 0 2 4 6 8

10

DUII Offenses 1999-2008 Jackson County Oregon State

R a te

p e r

1 0

0 0

21 - Jackson final version

Gambling, a type of addiction, also presents challenges to both adults and youth in Jackson County. The county has higher percentages of eighth graders reporting gambling of every type, than the state average.

The prevalence of problem gambling is considerably higher than those accessing treatment in Jackson County. It is important to note that only 3% of those Jackson County residents experiencing problem gambling are accessing treatment. For all drug categories, Jackson County continues to outpace State average drug

So u

rc e:

O re

g o n g

am b lin

g t

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m en

t p ro

g ra

m s

ev al

u at

io n u

p d at

e 2 0 1 2

O re

g o n H

ea lt h A

u th

o ri ty

, A d d ic

ti o n s

an d M

en ta

l H ea

lt h D

iv is

io n

Preval ence Access ing Treatment 0

500

1000

1500

2000

2500

3000

3500

4000 3800

114

Prevalance of Problem Gambling Jackson County 2012

N u

m b

e r

o f

in d iv

id u

a ls

lottery/powerball/megabucks

dice or coin flips

cards (poker, etc)

betting on sports

betting on games of personal skill (bowling, video games, dare)

internet gambling

other

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25%

8th Grader Gambling 2012 Jackson State

Source: Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012

arrests; most notably methamphetamine and heroin. (See People and Place section) It is important to note that declines in drug arrests are more likely attributed to reductions in funding for local law enforcement than reductions in drug use and trafficking.

“Just about everyone I know has an addiction. People with addictions are more sick, can’t get to the doctor, don’t have insurance and are embarrassed.” —Focus Group Participant

Jackson County has one of the highest opioid death rates in the State, and the number of annual opioid deaths is on the rise (deaths from drugs such as codeine, oxycodone, morphine and methadone). The morbidity and mortality associated with inappropriate use of opiate drugs has a negative impact on the health of the community. At the same time, people in focus groups commented that their pain was not well managed and discussed the added burden that chronic pain presented when suffering from chronic conditions. Focus group comments and the high rate of opioid death suggest systemic problems in the management of chronic pain in the county.

Maternal & Child Health Causes of

So u

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O p

io id

P re

sc ri b

in g

G u

id el

in es

R ep

o rt

: O

p io

id P

re sc

ri b

er s

G ro

u p

2 0

1 3

Ye ar

Prescription Drug Overdose Deaths Jackson County

N u

m b

er o

f D

e at

h s

2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011 0 5

10 15 20 25 30 35 40 45

Prescription opioid overdose mortality rate by county, 2003-2007

Rate per 100,000

1.8 - 2.3

2.3 - 3.4

3.4 - 5.3

5.3 - 8.2

no rate (less than 5 cases total)

Source: Jackson County Response to Prescription

23 - Jackson final version

low birth weight include tobacco use, alcohol and other drug use, socioeconomic factors such as education level and poverty as well as maternal and fetal medical conditions. Babies born with low birth weight (considered 1500-2499 grams at birth) typically have more long-term disabilities and developmental issues, including cerebral palsy, learning disabilities, impairment of sight, hearing and/or lung functioning. The percentage of low birthweight babies in Jackson County is 6%, close to the state percentage of 6.1% and just meeting the national benchmark of 6%.

Women who access care while they are pregnant are more likely to have healthy pregnancies and better child outcomes and less likely to have low birth weight babies. Prenatal care includes a myriad of services, including: education about healthy choices and body changes while pregnant, prenatal testing and counseling, treating medical conditions/complications (such as anemia and gestational hypertension), oral health assessment and treatment, screening for intimate partner violence and tobacco use and substance abuse.

Although pregnancy risk factors are high (such as maternal tobacco use) in Jackson County, utilization of prenatal care is moderate but below the state average, with 73% of mothers in the county receiving prenatal

care in the first trimester. Those women receiving prenatal care in Jackson County, have a marked reduced rate of low birth weight babies compared to those without prenatal care.

A primary risk factor for low birth weights and child outcomes is maternal smoking. Maternal smoking is currently higher than the state average and has been for several years.

first trimester care inadequate prenatal care

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

70%

80%

Percentage receiving prenatal care Jackson County 2011

Jackson

Oregon

So u

rc e:

O re

g o

n V

it al

S ta

ti st

ic s,

2 0

1 1

Source: Oregon Health Authority Center for Health Statistics

2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 2010 2011

5%

10%

15%

20%

Percentage of Maternal Tobacco Use 2005-2011

Jackson

Oregon

24 - Jackson final version

The teen birth rate in Jackson County is higher than the state average and national benchmark. Jackson County’s teen birth rate per 1,000 females ages 15-19 is 37. The Oregon rate is 33 per 1,000, the national benchmark is 21 per 1,000.

Immunization is an effective tool for preventing disease and death. Vaccinating children, according to the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention recommended immunization schedules, is varied by county. Those parents choosing not to vaccinate claiming religious exemption has been higher in Jackson County than state average for over a decade. The trend of those requesting exemption continues to increase annually.

Oregon Health Authority, Immunization Program

Jackson

Oregon

0%

1%

2%

3%

4%

5%

6%

7%

8%

9%

Religious exceptions from immunizations by school year Jackson County

25 - Jackson final version

Health Behavior & Lifestyle Factors Modifiable behaviors related to health status such as tobacco use, inadequate physical activity and nutrition have significant influence on the health of individuals and communities. The leading cause of preventable death in Jackson County, as it is in Oregon, is tobacco use. A close second is obesity.

Tobacco Tobacco usage has remained high in Jackson County for many years. Roughly 1 in 5 adults in the county smoke cigarettes, considerably higher than the state average of 17.1%. Of grave concern are the 15% of birth mothers, in 2009, who reported smoking while pregnant.

According to the 2013 County Tobacco Fact Sheet, Jackson County spent an estimated $83.8 million on medical care related to tobacco use.

2012 Oregon Student Wellness Survey data indicates that 7.3% of 8th graders, and 16.5% of 11th graders in Jackson County used cigarettes. One-third of these kids have started an addiction that will eventually kill them. Eighty percent of adult smokers in Oregon started before the age of 18.

Obesity Obesity is a modifiable risk factor for several chronic conditions. Overweight is defined as a body mass index of 25 or higher, obesity is defined as a BMI of 30 or higher. BMI is calculated by using both height and weight. Research has shown that overweight and obesity are associated with increased risk of coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes, cancer, high blood pressure, stroke, liver and gallbladder disease. Approximately 2/3 of adults in Jackson County are either obese or overweight, putting them at increased risk of chronic disease and increased morbidity.

overweight *obese meeting CDC physical activity recommendations

0%

10%

20%

30%

40%

50%

60%

38%

21%

58%

36%

25%

56%

Percent population overweight, obese and meeting physical activity guidelines, 2006-2009

Jackson

Oregon

So u rc

e: O

re g o n B

R F S

S C

o u n ty

C o m

b in

ed D

at as

et 2

0 0 6 -2

0 0 9

26 - Jackson final version

Physical Activity & Nutrition Regular physical activity and a healthy diet reduce the risk for chronic disease and obesity.

The percentage of adults consuming at least five servings of fruits and vegetables a day in Jackson County from 2006-2009 was 33.2%, exceeding the state average of 27%. The proportion of fast food establishments in the county, at 44%, is almost twice the national benchmark.

“Access to resources to live a healthy lifestyle is hard. Food access here is bad, small stores in small communities have mostly processed foods, they can’t afford to bring in fresh out of town produce. That’s made worse by the fact that those with SNAP use their food stamps for processed food, the money goes farther with processed food.” — Focus Group Participant

Additional Social Determinants of Health Food Insecurity The USDA defines food insecurity as lack of access to enough food for all members in a household and limited or uncertain availability of nutritionally adequate foods. Over 16% of Jackson County households, or approximately 34,260 people are food insecure. 75% of the food-insecure households in the county have incomes below the poverty level. Additionally, 22.4% of children in Jackson County households experienced food insecurity in 2011. It is estimated that an additional 15 million dollars would have been needed to meet food needs of those living with food insecurity in Jackson County in 2011.

The percentage of K-12 students eligible for free/reduced lunches in 2012-2013 was nearly 60%, indicating significant child poverty levels and access to food concerns for the youth of Jackson County.

Source: Map the Meal Gap, Food Insecurity in your County, Feedingamerica.org

Overall Children 0%

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

16%

22%

18%

29%

17%

28%

Percent with food insecurity Jackson County, Oregon, National, 2011

Jackson

Oregon

National

27 - Jackson final version

Health System Access to Medical Care Lack of health insurance coverage continues to be a significant barrier to accessing needed health and medical care. Uninsured people are likely to experience more adverse physical, mental and financial outcomes than those with insurance. Jackson County far exceeds the national benchmark of 11% and state percentages in all age groups. 26.6% adults 19-64 in Jackson County were uninsured in 2011. This number is expected to change after January 1st, 2014. It is expected that the majority of new enrollees after January 1 will be adults.

Although the number and demographics of enrollees will change January 1, it is helpful to understand the current population of CCO enrollees. Enrollees are spread out across the county, with the higher percentages living in Medford, Central Point, and White City.

Close to 65% of the current CCO enrollees in Jackson County are under the age of 18, higher than Josephine County (53% are under 18). Access to health care was a consistent theme in focus groups and key informant interviews. Insurance costs, transportation (getting to appointments), availability of specialists, accessibility of clinics for people with disabilities, language barriers, primary care physicians not taking specific insurance plans, and health literacy regarding how to negotiate insurance were all listed as access concerns for residents living in Jackson County.

Source: 2011 Oregon Health Insurance Survey

200% FPL and Below

201%FPL and Above

Entire year without Insurance

19-64 years

Less than 18 years

Overall

0% 5% 10% 15% 20% 25% 30%

27%

13%

15%

27%

12%

19%

25%

17%

11%

21%

6%

15%

Percent Population Uninsured, 2011 Jackson Oregon

28 - Jackson final version

“I’ve seen patients that said they were surprised that they couldn’t use their brother’s insurance card and didn’t know what a copay, co-insurance or deductibles were. Health literacy and access to health care is more than just having insurance and that will only become more apparent after January 1st.”—Key Informant

CCO enrollee by age Jackson County 2013

newborn

1 to 12 years

13 to 19 years

adults

97501 97502 97503 97504 97520 97522 97524 97525 97530 97535 97536 97537 97539 97540 97541 %

5%

10%

15%

20%

25%

30%

35%

Percent CCO Enrollees By Select Zip Codes Jackson County 2013

29 - Jackson final version

Community Perceptions of Health Focus Groups This report presents summary findings from five focus groups, conducted in Jackson County as part of the 2013 Community Health Assessment. The purpose of the Community Health Assessment was to learn what people in the county believe are most important issues affecting their health and that of their families and communities. The purpose of the focus groups was to gather primary qualitative data on community perceptions and increase community engagement in setting priorities for individual and community health.

The focus groups were part of a larger community health assessment process, following a modified Mobilizing for Action through Planning and Partnerships (MAPP) model. The focus groups were all facilitated by a consultant and assisted by Community Advisory Council (CAC) members and Coordinated Care Organization (CCO) staff.

Five focus groups were completed through Jackson County during September 2013. Thirty- six (36) community members participated in the groups, representing several different populations. A subcommittee of the CAC, titled the CACC, began by prioritizing populations and locations for focus groups. Lengthy discussion about what groups to select for focus groups included two face-to-face CACC meetings, an online survey given to the CACC members.

It is also important to note that there are limitations to the focus group data. Focus group data should not stand on its own but complement the health status and epidemiology data presented earlier in the Community Health Assessment. Focus groups were not intended to be a representative of all individuals in the entire county but rather, a process to gain specific insight into health concerns and solutions of specific populations. The populations chosen were driven by the Community Advisory Councils.

The limited time frame (one month) to complete focus groups was recognized as a challenging aspect of the process and the CACC had several intentional conversations about the need to prioritize due to the time constraints. Due to the January 1, 2014 deadline for submission of the final CHA, the CACC worked within the one-month parameter and chose five groups per county, with the caveat that additional groups and time would be added into the process for the next CHA.

Prioritized Populations for Jackson County Focus Groups

• Latino/Spanish-Speaking

• Addictions

• Uninsured/Underinsured

• Dental

• Rural/Unincorporated

• Chronic Pain

• Chronic Disease

30 - Jackson final version

The CACC also discussed and guided the selection of data and questions to gather at the focus groups. The focus group guide, including the specific questions asked, is attached in the Appendices. A “site champion” was chosen from the CACC for each focus group. The role of the site champion was to lead recruitment, coordination of focus group location, selection of incentives for participants and introduction of the consultant to the participants at the group.

Data was gathered during the groups via open-ended questions and instant feedback polling questions. The instant feedback polling questions utilized Turning Technology “clickers,” capturing instant demographic data and polling on health priorities and perceptions. The use of multiple feedback collection methodologies ensured 100% participation of focus group attendees.

Light refreshments and $10 gift cards were provided to focus group participants as incentives. The focus groups were completed within two hours, and averaged 6 participants per group.

Focus Group Schedule-Jackson County

Group Date Location

Rural/Unincorporated 9-30 Prospect

Latino/Spanish Speaking 9-4 Sacred Heart Church

Uninsured and Dental 9-16 Library Medford

Addictions 9-17 Addictions Recovery Center inpatient

Chronic Disease/Chronic Pain 9-25 Central Point

31 - Jackson final version

Demographics of Participants Focus group participants answered demographic questions about gender, age, ethnicity, martial status and education with Turning Technology clickers. The use of the clicker technology provided anonymity and increased participation and engagement in the group process. The total number of participants was thirty-six. Please note that not all participants chose to fill out demographic information, so totals on the demographic categories are varied.

Jackson County Focus Group Participant Demographics

Characteristic Response

Age 25 or under 11%

26-39 17%

40-54 31%

55-64 19%

65 or over 22%

Sex

Female 58%

Male 42%

Ethnicity

African American/Black 3%

Pacific Islander 0%

Hispanic/Latino 14%

Native American 0%

White/Caucasian 83%

Other 0%

Marital Status

Married or co-habitating 58%

Not married, single, divorced or widowed 42%

Highest Level of Education

Less than HS Diploma 11%

HS diploma or GED 22%

Some college or degree 61%

Other 6%

Household income

Less than $20,000 36%

$20,000-29,999 22%

$30,000-49,000 11%

Over $50,000 31%

32 - Jackson final version

Community Perceptions Focus group participants also answered questions about their personal health, the community health and ranked their top health problems, risk factors and conditions that influenced a healthy community. The following data were also collected with the Turning Technologies clicker system.

A majority of participants (87%) described their community as unhealthy. Counter to that, was that the majority (66%) of participants described themselves as healthy.

Participants were then asked to select the three most important health problems, perceived risk factors and conditions that influenced a healthy community.

14%

66%

21%

Community Health

Very healthy

Healthy

Somewhat unhealthy

Very unhealthy

8%

58%

33%

Personal Health

What do you think are the three most important ingredients for a healthy community?

Low crime/safe neighborhoods Low level of domestic violence & child abuse

Good schools Access to healthcare (e.g. family doctor)

Clean environment Affordable housing

Good jobs, healthy economy Healthy behaviors & lifestyles

Religious or spiritual values

Other

33 - Jackson final version

What do you think are the three biggest health problems in your community?

What do you think are the three biggest risk factors for health in your community?

Participant Commentary The second portion of the groups consisted of open-ended dialog questions, asking participants to discuss individual and community health needs. Several hundred narrative comments were collected during the five focus groups. The CACC workgroup reviewed all comments and upon analysis, recognized several universal themes. The comments listed below were reviewed, categorized and selected by the CACC to be included in the CHA. Focus group participants’ responses are presented in seven categories. All comments below were transcribed verbatim. Comments are intentionally written out as they were spoken in the group.

1. Access to and quality of health services

2. Mental Health and addictions

3. Lifestyle: Exercise, Obesity, Nutrition and access to food

4. Dental and/or Vision health

5. Poverty and the economy

6. Chronic disease and/or aging issues

7. Crime, domestic violence and child abuse

Problems from aging such as: arthritis, hearing, vision loss Cancer

Child abuse/domestic violence/rape Dental problems

Diabetes Heart disease or stroke

Infectious disease e.g. Hepatitis, TB, HIV Mental Health problems

Respiratory or lung disease

Other

Alcohol abuse Being overweight

Drug abuse Lack of exercise

Poor eating habits Tobacco use

Not using birth control (unprotected sex) Reckless driving

Not seeing a health provider when you need care

34 - Jackson final version

Access to and Quality of Health Services Focus group participants consistently brought up barriers to accessing health and medical services. Insurance (or lack of), paying for health care services, physically getting to a health care provider (transportation), language barriers, having providers available and the relationship with providers were all common themes in every focus group.

“Insurance needs to be more cost effective for us—I don’t want it for free, but it needs to be more affordable so that we don’t have to choose between feeding my kids or getting medical care.”

“Some clinics don’t want to treat all issues at the same time, they only treat one issue at a time— they ask for multiple appointments—but that requires more paying,deductibles, or copays.

“For years, I’ve been trying to get on OHP but I am over income—so I have to save for emergencies and just deal with my pain.”

“[My biggest concern is] access to healthcare, being able to go to the doctor when you need to, not always going to emergency room.”

“Availability of healthcare—up to a week ago I had no health insurance—I skipped a few doctor appointments which made my chronic conditions worse and cost [more] in the long run.”

“Availability—getting into the doctor or specialists took me six months. You could be dead by then. Even when you have insurance getting in is not always easy.”

“Continuity of care—not all docs on the same page, they all treat differently—not coordinated at all.”

“Negative: Cost of healthcare, even with insurance, is a barrier. Positive: Availability of quality healthcare in our community.”

“Most of the time, we just get over the counter medications or share each others prescription medications and then it gets worse. We can’t afford to get the labs/tests to determine what is wrong too, so it just gets worse.”

“Access isn’t just about insurance—we need more services, access on many different levels. More of all services are needed, addictions, prenatal, all services are needed.”

“Transportation—even those that have chronic diseases—must have insurance but getting to the provider is super difficult.”

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“A woman at the gas station told me she was happy to see a clinic start in Butte Falls—and that it will save peoples’ lives on the road. Older people were driving and either waiting too long or getting in an accident—she told me, in tears, about several that she knew [that] died after leaving the gas station to get to Medford.”

“Somebody might want to get to a workshop but they have no transportation, transportation is a huge need.”

Mental Health and Addictions Challenges with mental illness and addictions weighed heavily on all groups. The effects of both on the individual and community were prevalent in many conversations about what concerned participants and what solutions they wanted to improve their health and the health of their community.

“Mental health problems, people don’t think they can be healthy so they turn into negative thinking. If you are healthy mentally you are less prone to do drugs.”

“The biggest factor is lack of a continuum of mental health supports and services. Services seem to be focused on meeting crisis needs rather than prevention and community support due to lack of funding.”

“Mental illness and substance abuse are huge and costly. Also, the criminalization of mentally ill and addicted individuals is an ineffective and costly approach to dealing with these issues.”

“Just about everyone I know has had an addiction. People with addictions are more sick, can’t get to the doctor, don’t have health insurance and are embarrassed.”

“We need clean needles. I see needles laying around all over the place, in the street, on the sidewalk, its disgusting and I was a user.”

“I am diabetic and used to supply all of Hawthorne Park with hypodermic needles, I got over 200 a month and didn’t need them all. I’m here now (inpatient treatment) so I don’t know who is giving out clean needles.”

“People are scared now—because of more homeless people are in the woods and the drug culture they bring.”

“Substance abuse is another serious issue in our community across all economic levels. Also a lack of adequate mental health services is a big problem.”

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“We need less probation-focused treatment.”

“Pot, heroin, pills and prescription pills. People have gotten pretty creative. Like snorting Excedrin migraine in their nose (in my high school).”

“Two years ago we had a huge problem with inhalants—kids were doing them at football games—whipits with whip cream inhalants. My nephews were killed last year from doing whipits and getting in a car accident.”

“Kids come back from lunch (at my school) visibly high—having smoked their parents’ stash at lunch. Everybody knows who the smokers are here, but there isn’t much we can do about it.”

“Lack of resources [is a problem] they are out there but they are always broken. Bus passes, food banks, etcetera are broke. It’s hard to get to resources. Not a lot of help for women with no children. Jackson County Mental Health only has 12 visits a year—that’s not enough, it’s like you just start getting into your problems and have to stop.”

“Homelessness, limited help for young single people. Hard if you don’t have parents to help you.”

“Out of fifteen of my preschoolers—four were raised by grandparents last year. They aren’t always healthy [the grandparents]—and their health affects the kids and the grandparents. Plus, its stressful to raise your grandkids.”

“Bullying is destroying our future, education systems are atrocious, our country is at the bottom of education scales, (writing, math, science and reading) and it affects our health.”

Lifestyle: Exercise, Obesity, Nutrition and Access to Food The need for lifestyle changes, including diet and exercise were clearly recognized in all groups. Participants were quick to recognize their own challenges with lifestyle change while also making suggestions for solutions such as community gardens, walking groups or farmers markets.

“Habits are hard to break and start from our family going way back. I do what my parents did, and food and life has changed, so should our habits.”

“Unhealthy food seems to be more convenient.”

“Access to resources to live a healthy lifestyle is hard. Food access here is bad—small stores in small communities have mostly processed foods, they can’t afford to bring in fresh out of town produce. That’s made worse with the fact that those with SNAP use their food stamps for

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processed food-the money goes farther with processed food.”

“It costs $20 gas to get to Eagle Point [out of rural town] to a grocery store with good produce, there is no public transit except “‘the thumb .’” (hitchhiking)

“Part of the problem is the lack of real education around nutrition and disease prevention.”

“With no grocery store with produce here, sometimes I call the local café and ask them for a head of lettuce when I need it.”

“As a family—lack of consistent exercise for entire family affects our health—life is busy, exercise becomes last on the list of priorities.”

“Kids don’t play outside—they sit in front of video games.”

Dental and Vision Health Access to dental care and the negative effects of not having both preventive and crisis dental care was a consistent theme among all groups and demographics. Vision health was also mentioned in approximately 60% of the groups, related those living in poverty and not being able to acquire glasses or contacts.

“[There are] lots of dental issues here—all they do is pull your teeth. When you don’t have teeth you lose self esteem.”

“Dental appointments are still 2-3 weeks out even when in pain, what if I have a bad infection? People can die without help.”

“We see kids with swollen face from abscesses and dental problems—their parents are like, “I don’t know what to do, won’t it just heal?” It affects their ability to be at school and learn even when they are there.”

“Vision services—glasses are expensive and if you can’t see you probably can’t work—half the people that we serve at the food bank can’t see the line to sign for their food box.”

“Lack of affordable dental care—if you don’t have teeth, you can’t eat—it’s expensive to get care—fillings, root canals which can lead to other chronic conditions. If it costs you $170-200 to get your teeth cleaned, you probably won’t do it if you can already barely make it.”

“Homeless people don’t have the freedom to eat well, they eat whatever they can get, which is usually not healthy food. Canned chili should not be a staple of anyone’s diet.”

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“The homeless can’t get glasses because of [not having] ID for the Lions Club. ‘Free’ glasses—they aren’t free.”

Poverty and the Economy Poverty and the economy influences individual, family and community health. All groups consistently discussed their influence on health, having lengthy conversations about how improving the economy, jobs and not living in poverty would help improve health.

“No, [we are not healthy] because of homelessness. It’s embarrassing to go to doctor’s office and they ask for address and I don’t have one.”

“I am very concerned at the growing numbers of families needing emergency food who are food insecure, and the lack of affordable housing which is the number one need reported by the families in my program.”

“We are not healthy enough. We have too much poverty, uninsured, lack of public health programs, no affordable housing, too many homeless and jobless.”

“Multiple families are living under one roof since the economy went downhill-it affects everyone’s health.”

“Childcare—hard to get benefits for it if you work and it’s expensive.”

“I think the health of the people in our community varies from very healthy to poor health. Some groups are every physically active and health conscious with good incomes and other sub-groups are impacted by very low incomes, inadequate housing and childcare, which produces high levels of stress and negatively impacts health.”

Chronic Disease and Aging Issues 61% of focus group participants noted that they were currently living with a chronic condition. Several participants also discussed challenges of managing chronic pain, particularly in light of many programs to reduce opioid use in the county.

“I have MS and my husband has diabetes—I bring home preschool kids’colds from work and it affects our health. In small towns you see small epidemics of flu, it goes through the entire town and shuts us down. We can’t function with the flu like big cities do.”

“As our population ages—they have more chronic conditions and can’t get the right medical and support services.”

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“Caregiver fatigue—there is not a lot of money for caregivers so family often does it, they get tired and they have their own health issues like depression, stress, etc.”

“The disabled— the entire group that just fell off Medicare that now won’t get care—hospice care is narrowing and becoming highly medical focused.”

Crime, Domestic Violence and Child Abuse Crime and concern about community and individual safety rated as a high concern in nearly all focus groups. Concern about child abuse and domestic violence and their connection to health were noted in all groups.

“Public safety. Cutting Sheriff’s Department. Criminals know public safety is last priority.”

“Need more counseling services and support to help families and dependents with trauma.”

Community Engagement in Solutions All focus groups ended with a question about solutions to the challenges, problems and needs identified in the prior questions. Specifically, the facilitator asked “what do you think we (as a community) can do to enhance the health of our community?” The focus was directed at what solutions participants wanted to be engaged in to address the problems discussed earlier.

All groups, regardless of demographic or location expressed a strong sense of concern about their community and how they could contribute to improving problems. Several solutions and positive comments were stated in every group, some of those comments are as follows:

Suggestions

“Embrace that we are all in this together—find things that help more than myself, but my larger community too.”

“We have a community kitchen, but my problem is awareness and getting them there. I made apple sauce one time and a lady said ‘oh, you can make apple sauce?’ People want to know how to improve their life, they just don’t know how.”

“[We need] education for professionals on addictions, being addicted is a disease, we aren’t all bad people.”

“Make sure I get prenatal care and take care of my baby now so she’s not a drain on the community later.”

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“I will stay clean, be a productive citizen in the community, volunteer work to help others with addictions.”

“We need more opportunities to keep young people [get] active in good ways instead of getting into trouble.”

“[We need] more things at schools to give youth direction. Now that I’m clean and sober, I realize I wasted 44 years in my life-now I want to help and develop myself with education.”

“The meth commercial where they chase the addict like we are a horrible pople, that makes us more separate. Instead, maybe the commercial should be a hand reaching out to help us with problems. Reach out to the addict, don’t chase us.”

“Education is key. sometimes it’s about breaking cycles and learning new ways. Education can be many different levels.”

“I appreciate that all three CCOs are working together for this, it’s hopeful. I am really glad that they are listening.”

“Develop creative affordable ways to provide community service supports to those suffering from mental illness to reduce isolation, support recovery, and prevent re-hospitalization.”

“Build and initiate pubic health programs that have community buy-in. Involve public in CCO process.”

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Key Informant Interviews: System of Care Strengths and Opportunities

Several community leaders working in the health care sector were interviewed to gain

additional insight into the strengths and weaknesses of the health system of care in Jackson

County.

Individuals and organizations were recommended to the consultant by members of the

CACC and CCO staff. All key informant interviews were completed by the consultant and

anonymity of name and title was provided. Key Informants were recommended based on their

organization affiliation, role in providing medical, mental, behavioral or addictions treatment

to Jackson county residents.

Organizations represented in the key informant interviews

Addictions Recovery Center

Jackson County Health and Human Services

La Clinica

Southern Oregon Head Start

Jackson County Public Health

Asante

Oregon Health Authority

HASL Center for Independent Living

Jackson County Mental Health

Jefferson Regional Health Alliance

Key Informant Questions

All key informants were asked the following questions:

1. What are your organization’s major contributions to the local health system of care?

2. What challenges do you see that may affect your work (upcoming changes in legislation, funding, technology, new collaborations, etc.)?

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Themes

Key informants universally talked about unmet needs of their communities, changing partnerships, increased complexity of administration, changing paradigms to improve care, a desire to reduce barriers to care and prevention activities when discussing their organization’s contributions to the community and system of care.

“Sometimes you know you have a great service that is meeting tremendous need for real people, but if you can’t bill and get paid for the staff doing it, you can’t keep doing it.” —Key Informant

While the desire for integration and improving patient outcomes was strong, the challenges that come with changing payment systems, legislative pressures and changes, the unmet needs of many patients, and consistently poor health status of patients and the community at large were listed by key informants.

“There are so many metrics of success and pieces interrelated in our transformation, it is very, very complex. Local, state and federal changes are happening very quickly. We are really seeing how interrelated the system is as we push one place and the result comes out somewhere else. Relationships and communication are more important to improve our health system, than ever before. Some of our communities will succeed at this and some will not. ” —Key Informant

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The Community Health Improvement Plan & Next Steps Utilizing the CHA for Planning

The Jackson County Community Health Assessment (CHA) draws attention to numerous opportunities for health improvement at the individual and community level. While the CHA identifies many critical health issues, it is not inclusive of every possible health- related issue. Instead, it was intended to provide a macro view of available community data and help to identify community trends. The CHA was successful in that purpose as well as engaging new community members in prioritizing what health status issues were important and where additional focus and data was needed.

The CHA was the first step in an ongoing process of community health assessment, planning and improvement. The natural progression of the community planning process is to prioritize health status issues and implement strategies to improve them. The prioritization process and document is titled the Community Health Improvement Plan (CHIP).

“Pick the top three health problems in my community?! How can I only pick three, they are all important!” –Focus Group Participant

Prioritizing future efforts to address individual and community health is imperative. Individuals, organizations and communities in Jackson County do not have unlimited resources to change all health status problems at once. Prioritizing efforts that are most likely to succeed and have the biggest positive impact on individual and community health must happen first. Strategies that are most likely to improve health outcomes, improve health of individuals and reduce health care costs ties the CHIP to the CCO Triple Aim. The prioritization conversation will not be one time process but will be dynamic.

The next step of the CCO community health process will entail community discussion about the community health assessment findings followed by establishing short term, intermediate and long-term strategies to address prioritized individual and community health problems. The prioritization process should be based on the quantitative and qualitative data presented in the community health assessment document and complemented with additional community input.

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Top 3 Health Problems: Focus Groups Jackson County 2013

1. Mental Health Problems

2. Dental Problems

3. Problems from Aging

Top 3 Ingredients for A Healthy Community Jackson County 2013

1. Access to health care

2. Good jobs and a healthy economy

3. Good schools

Top 3 Risk Factors/Behaviors Related to a Healthy Community Jackson County 2013

1. Drug Abuse

2. Not seeing a health care provider when you needed to (access)

3. Alcohol abuse, overweight, poor eating habits

Strategies for addressing health problems, behaviors related to health or ingredients for building a health community should be based on best practice/standards, potential community impact, cost and feasibility. Additionally, strategies for health improvement should be linked to indicators that are already being tracked in the community, to better enable the evaluation of progress and success of the chosen strategies. This will aid in reducing duplication of effort and provide a mechanism for more consistent and continuous measurement of progress. CCO metrics and local, state and national public health indicators are suggested possible indicators.

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Identifying additional data needs and working with local, state and federal organizations to meet those needs will also need to be considered in the CHIP. County specific data on health status by race and ethnicity is an example of a continuing data need. Dental access and outcomes is another area of data needs, among many others. Having adequate data to understand problems in the community is imperative in planning appropriate strategies and solutions. Advocating for access to county level data that is helpful for CCO and CAC planning will need to be a continuing strategy in the CHIP.

Engagement of the CAC will continue to be instrumental in the process, as will listening to community member priorities and concerns. The work of improving the health of people in Jackson County will happen with collaborative and adaptable efforts as we move forward through health care transformation and integration.

For hard copies of this report, please contact:

AllCare Health Plan: 1-888-460-0185, [email protected]

Jackson Care Connect: 1-855-722-8208, [email protected]

Primary Health of Josephine County: 1-541-471-2687, [email protected]

Please list the following as source when referring to data from this report: “Jackson & Josephine County Community Health Assessment 2013”

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Jackson County Community Health Assessment Data Sources Sampling of Available Data Sources 2012-2013

Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Alcohol & Other Drugs

Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/2012%20 Student%20Wellness/Jackson.pdf

Underage Drinking: http://www.oregon.gov/oha/ amh/ad/jackson-underage.pdf

*Epidemiological Data on Alcohol, Drugs and Mental Health 2000 to 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/ad/data/jackson. pdf

Adult Alcohol Use Fact Sheet: http://www.oregon. gov/oha/amh/ad/jackson-adult.pdf

National Survey on Drug Use and Health State Rankings-Prescription Drug Use

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/2k12/NSDUH115/ sr115-nonmedical-use-pain-relievers.htm

2011 National Survey on Drug use & Health All drugs

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/NSDUH/2k11Results/ NSDUHresults2011.pdf

*Oregon Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center- county level crime and drug data

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/Pages/SAC.aspx

Behavioral Health

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority5-substanceabuseand behavioralhealth.pdf

Barriers to Effective Suicide Prevention- Jackson County Suicide Prevention Coalition- June 2013

No link, electronic copy in files

Suicides in Oregon: Trends and Risk Factors 2012 Report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/InjuryFatalityData/Documents/ NVDRS/Suicide%20in%20Oregon%202012%20 report.pdf

Jackson County Mental Health and Addiction Services Biennial Implementation Plan 2013-2015

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/CountyPlans/ Jackson%20County%20BIP%202013-2015.pdf

*Specific 2000-2012 Epidemiology Alcohol, Drugs, MH (also included in Alcohol and Drugs)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/ad/data/jackson. pdf

Jackson County’s Implementation Plan for 2009-11 (focus on services)

http://www.localcommunities.org/lc/029/FSLO- 1218048324-50029.pdf

Jackson County Community Crisis Response Project 2008-Jefferson Regional Health Alliance (JRHA) Report

http://www.jeffersonregionalhealthalliance.org/ My%20Web%20Files/Community%20Crisis%20 Response%20Foundations%20Presentation%20 Final.pdf

JRHA Behavioral Health Initiative Mapping Project 2006

http://www.jeffersonregionalhealthalliance.org/ My%20Web%20Files/JRHA%20Mapping%20 Project%200313-1606.pdf

SAMHSA Oregon State Brief http://www.samhsa.gov/data/StatesInBrief/2k9/OREGON_508.pdf

SAMHSA Adolescent Behavioral Health Brief-State

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/StatesInBrief/2k9/ OASTeenReportOR.pdf

SAMHSA Data Sources-various reports and search functions, some state, some sub- state

http://www.samhsa.gov/data/States_In_Brief_ Reports.aspx

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Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Children/ Youth

Kindergarten Readiness Assessment 2008 Results- No link, electronic copy in files Assessment revised 2010-12 and will be used starting in 2013-14 school year. Updates at: http:// www.ode.state.or.us/search/page/?id=3908

*Children First for Oregon report 2011 http://www.cffo.org/images/pdf_downloads/county_data_books/Jackson%20County.pdf

Free & Reduced Lunch ODE http://www.ode.state.or.us/sfda/reports/r0061Select.asp

Youth Suicide Attempts in Oregon Adolescent Data System 2007 Data Report

Fact Sheet: http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/SafeLiving/SuicidePrevention/ Documents/factsheet.pdf (2007 data)

Full 2007 report- No link, electronic copy in files

Suicide, Suicide Attempts, and Ideation among Adolescents in Oregon, Oregon Health Authority, March 2012

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/InjuryFatalityData/Documents/ Suicide%2csuicide%20Attempts%2c%20 and%20ideation%20among%20Adolescents%20 in%20Oregon%202010.pdf

Oregon Plan for Youth Suicide Prevention (data old, use mainly for strategies)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/SafeLiving/SuicidePrevention/ Documents/YSuicide.pdf

*Oregon Healthy Teen Survey-County Specific data 2007-2008

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/ OregonHealthyTeens/results/2007/county/ Documents/jackson8.pdf (8th grade)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/ OregonHealthyTeens/results/2007/county/ Documents/jackson11.pdf (11th grade)

*Oregon Student Wellness Survey 2012(duplicate)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/amh/2012%20 Student%20Wellness/Jackson.pdf

National Survey of Children’s Health (CDC)- LOTS of state specific data- Oregon Children’s Profile Included as PDF

http://www.cdc.gov/nchs/slaits/nsch.htm

*Kids Count Data Book 2012-Oregon data http://datacenter.kidscount.org/data/bystate/ stateprofile.aspx?state=OR&group=Grantee&loc=5 357&dt=1%2c3%2c2%2c4

Oregon Child Health 2010 Data & resource guide

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/Babies/Documents/oregon- child-health-2010-data-and-resource-guide.pdf

*Child Welfare Data Book http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/abuse/pages/publications/children/index.aspx

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Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Community Assessments & Plans

Oregon Public Health Community Health Assessment Clearinghouse

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ providerpartnerresources/evaluationresearch/ communityhealthassessmentclearinghouse/pages/ index.aspx

*Public Health Annual Plan

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ LocalHealthDepartmentResources/Documents/ Jackson_County_Annual_Plan_2013_update.pdf (2013-14)

FY 2012 PRC Community Health Needs Assessment (Asante Health System)

http://www.asante.org/app/files/public/1603/2012- Community-Health-Needs-Assessment.pdf

Jackson County Oregon Community Needs Assessment 2011

http://www.accesshelps.org/Files/2011%20 Community%20Needs%20Assessment.pdf

Providence Health and Services- Community Health Needs Assessment 2011-13

http://oregon.providence.org/ptkattachments/ FormsInstructions/CHNA-FINALfull_appendix.pdf

Southern OR Summary (2011), no link, electronic copy in files

Oregon Health Improvement Plan 2010- 2020

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ HealthSystemTransformation/ OregonHealthImprovementPlan/Documents/hip_ plan.pdf

Oregon State Health Profile 2012 http://public.health.oregon.gov/About/Documents/oregon-state-health-profile.pdf

Oregon Child Development Coalition Community Assessment- Migrant Seasonal Head Start Program 2009

http://www.ocdc.net/Live/content/downloads/ JACKSONCOUNTY_CA.pdf

Crime

Oregon Annual Uniform Crime Reports- County Specific Tables throughout

http://www.oregon.gov/osp/CJIS/docs/2010/2010_ annual_report.pdf

*County Criminal Justice Fact Sheet- Oregon Criminal Justice Commission 9-2- 2010

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/docs/jackson_co_cj_ fact_sheet.pdf

*DUII Data Book for Oregon Counties, 1999-2008

http://library.state.or.us/ repository/2009/200906301527262/1999-2008. pdf (Jackson on Page 24)

*Oregon Justice Commission Statistical Analysis Center- county level crime and drug data

http://www.oregon.gov/CJC/Pages/SAC.aspx

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Source

Chronic Disease

Oregon Living Well Data Report-2012- note, data just on study participants, not general population

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/LivingWell/ Documents/Reports/statedata12.pdf

*Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System (BRFSS) County Level Data 2008- 2011- limited data on chronic disease, preventable health screening, and modifiable risk behaviors among adults

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Pages/pubs. aspx#data

Chronic Conditions: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20I.pdf

Health protective and risk factors among adults, by race and ethnicity, http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Documents/ table_3_race_oversample_2010-2011.pdf

Preventable Health Screenings: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20III.pdf

Tobacco Prevalence: http://public.health. oregon.gov/DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ Documents/Table%20IV.pdf

*Keeping Oregonians Healthy: Preventing Chronic Diseases by reducing tobacco, diet, promoting physical activity & preventive screenings 2007- GREAT TABLES pages 132-148

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Documents/ healthor.pdf

*The Burden of Asthma in Oregon: 2013 Oregon Asthma Program

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Asthma/Pages/ burdenrpt.aspx

Oregon Environmental Public Health Tracking Program - Asthma Report 2000 – 2011

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/ EnvironmentalPublicHealthTracking/Documents/ Reports/AsthmaReport.pdf

Oregon Arthritis Report 2011 – County Specific Data throughout report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/Arthritis/ Documents/arthrpt11.pdf

Diabetes Atlas- National Data http://www.idf.org/diabetesatlas/

*Heart Disease & Stroke in Oregon 2010- Pages 7-10, County Specific Tables

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/ChronicDisease/ HeartDiseaseStroke/Documents/heartstroke_ update2010.pdf

Communicable Disease

*Communicable Disease Summary 2011- great county level maps of infection throughout report

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ DiseaseSurveillanceData/AnnualReports/arpt2011/ Documents/ACD_report2011forWEB.pdf

Flu/CD DHS Pandemic Influenza Emergency Management Plan 2008

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ DiseasesConditions/CommunicableDisease/ DiseaseSurveillanceData/Influenza/Documents/ panfluplan.pdf

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Source

Compilations

*Oregon Behavioral Risk Factor Surveillance System(BRFSS) Survey 2006-2009 (ALL DATA)

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/Surveys/AdultBehaviorRisk/ county/index/Pages/index.aspx

*Oregon Health Authority Data Sets/ Reports (data DHS client data, health data etc.)

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/pages/data/index.aspx

DHS January 2013 County Quick facts http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/aboutdhs/dhsbudget/ Documents/county-quick-facts-2013.pdf

Demographic

*Census Quick Facts-2010 April http://quickfacts.census.gov/qfd/states/41/41029.html

*Oregon Vital Statistics County Data 2011 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ BirthDeathCertificates/VitalStatistics/annualreports/ CountyDataBook/cdb2011/Pages/index.aspx

School Enrollment Data: Student Ethnicity 2011-2012 School Year (by district)

http://www.ode.state.or.us/sfda/reports/ r0067Select2.asp

Census: by zip code 2010 http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/spwpd/sua/docs/demographic/2010-state-zipcode-pop.xls

*Oregon Office of Rural Health-Annual Report and community reports- 2009

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/publications/upload/2009-Year-End- Report-Printable.pdf

Community Reports in electronic files

Household composition-By County. PSU Population Research Center

http://mkn.research.pdx.edu/2011/09/whos-home- a-look-at-households-and-housing-in-oregon/

Migration & the economy trends Oregon & county. PSU Population Research Center 2011

http://mkn.research.pdx.edu/2011/05/slow- economy-tempered-oregon-population-growth- over-decade/

Most recent Oregon Population Reports by county: PSU 2012

http://www.pdx.edu/prc/annual-oregon- population-report

**Communities Reporter: Oregon- Best Viewed ON-LINE

http://oe.oregonexplorer.info/rural/ CommunitiesReporter/

Jackson County Community Conditions (11-13-12) No link- in electronic files

Snapshot of Jackson and Josephine Counties (7-12-2012) No link- in electronic files

Southern Oregon Regional Profile http://www.oregoncf.org/Templates/media/files/regional_profiles/southern_or_profile_2011.pdf

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Source

Environmental Health

Public water systems-online data http://170.104.63.9/

Adult Blood Lead Reporting in Oregon 2006-2010

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/9563-AdultLeadReport-FINAL-web_ version.pdf

Oregon Department of Environmental Quality Air Quality Annual Report (city specific)

http://www.deq.state.or.us/aq/forms/2011AirQuali tyAnnualReport.pdf

JACKSON COUNTY ENVIRONMENTAL PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION ANNUAL REPORT http://www.co.jackson.or.us/Page.asp?NavID=3746

Health Equity

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority1-healthequity.pdf

*NW Health Foundation State of Equity report 2011

http://nwhf.org/images/files/Oregon_State_of_ Equity_Report.pdf

OHA Health Equity Report 2012 No link- in electronic files

CHI Advancing equity in Health Care Reform Implementation 11-2012 No link- in electronic files

National Academy for State Health Policy- State Policymakers’ Guide for Advancing Health Equity Through Health Reform Implementation- August 2012

http://www.nashp.org/sites/default/files/advancing. equity.health.reform.pdf

*Institute of Medicine Unequal Treatment: Confronting Racial & Ethnic Disparities in HC: Administrators Brief

http://www.iom.edu/~/media/Files/Report%20 Files/2003/Unequal-Treatment-Confronting- Racial-and-Ethnic-Disparities-in-Health-Care/ DisparitiesAdmin8pg.pdf

Health Rankings

Oregon Benchmarks http://benchmarks.oregon.gov/BMCountyData. aspx

*County Health Rankings 2013 http://www.countyhealthrankings.org/app/ oregon/2013/jackson/county/outcomes/overall/ snapshot/by-rank

Intimate Partner Violence & Child Abuse

Costs of Intimate Partner Violence in Oregon 2005

http://alliancetoendviolenceagainstwomen.org/wp- content/uploads/2012/07/IPVCosts.pdf

Oregon Violence Against Women Violence Prevention Plan 2005 No link- in electronic files

*IPV Deaths-OHA report 2012 http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/indicators/ intimpartnerviolence.pdf

Oregon DHS Child Welfare Data Book (duplicate)

http://www.oregon.gov/dhs/abuse/pages/ publications/children/index.aspx

Injury

Oregon Health Authority Trauma Registry 2010-2011- Page 22, County level data

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ providerpartnerresources/emstraumasystems/ traumasystems/pages/registry.aspx

State Injury Prevention Policy Report 2012 http://healthyamericans.org/reports/injury12/release.php?stateid=OR

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Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Obesity, Physical Activity & Nutrition

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority3-obesity.pdf

*Oregon Overweight, Obesity, Physical activity & Nutrition(PAN) Facts, 2012 DHS- county specific table on pages 50-57

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/PhysicalActivity/Documents/ Oregon_PANfactst_2012.pdf

Healthy Active Oregon: Statewide Physical Activity & Nutrition Plan 2007-2012

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/PhysicalActivity/Documents/ PAN_rpt_07.pdf

Oregon DMV Records Report: Obesity Surveillance 2012 (cool report)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/TrackingAssessment/ EnvironmentalPublicHealthTracking/Documents/ Reports/EPHT_DMV_obesity_tracking.pdf

Leightman Maxey Foundation Nutrition Education Symposium Strategic Roadmap Project Final Report (8-16-11)

No link- in electronic files

Occupational Injury

Occupational Health in Oregon 2009

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/OPHP_Occupational%20health%20 in%20Oregon.pdf

Oregon Occupational Health Indicators 2000-2009 data

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyEnvironments/WorkplaceHealth/ Documents/OHI_2000_2009.pdf

Oral Health/ Dental

Oregon’s Healthy Future: A Plan for Empowering communities 2012

http://public.health.oregon. gov/ProviderPartnerResources/ PublicHealthAccreditation/Documents/ship/ oregonshealthyfuture-priority4-oralhealth.pdf

*Oregon Smile Survey 2012 https://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/oralhealth/Pages/Oral-Health- Publications.aspx

Pew States Report on Dental Sealants 2013 http://www.pewstates.org/uploadedFiles/PCS_ Assets/2013/Pew_dental_sealants_report.pdf

Burden of Oral Disease in Oregon 2006 No link- in electronic files

Poverty

2011 Report on Poverty-Oregon Housing & Community Services

http://www.oregon.gov/ohcs/isd/ra/docs/2011_ oregon_poverty_report.pdf (page 32)

Ending Homelessness-10-year plan to end Homelessness in Oregon

Jackson County Report

http://www.oregon.gov/ohcs/pdfs/2011_ehac_ annual_report.pdf

http://www.co.jackson.or.us/files/10 Year_Plan_to_ End_Homelessness.pdf

Key Workforce Challenges: More Severe in Oregon’s Rural Areas November 2012

http://www.qualityinfo.org/olmisj/ ArticleReader?itemid=00008442

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Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Prenatal/ Maternal Health

Oregon Pregnancy Risk Assessment Monitoring System (PRAMS) 1998-2008 data by topic- state data

https://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/DataReports/prams/Pages/ topics.aspx

Oregon Perinatal Data Book 2007 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/DataReports/ PerinatalDataBook/Pages/index.aspx

*Oregon Home Visiting Needs Assessment Report 2012-County Specific starts on page 50

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/Babies/HomeVisiting/ Documents/Jackson.pdf

Women, Infant and Children (WIC) Program County Specific Fact Sheets

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ HealthyPeopleFamilies/wic/Documents/annual/ annual_jackson.pdf

ALERT Childhood Immunization Rates- 2 year old completion(County Specific)

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/VaccinesImmunization/ Documents/county/Jackson.pdf

Rural Health Care Access

OHA Report: Oregon’s Uninsured Analysis 2011. County Level Data, Pages 10-14

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/OHPR/RSCH/docs/ uninsured/oregonuninsured_2009finalreport.pdf

Oregon Health Plan Managed Care Enrollment Reports-Monthly by County- View On-line

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/healthplan/pages/ data_pubs/enrollment/main.aspx

OHA Economically Disadvantaged & Uninsured Populations 2012

No link- in electronic files

Oregon Federally Qualified Rural Health Clinic Report 2011

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/clinics/upload/2011-RHC-Report-for-the- web.pdf

*Oregon Office of Rural Health 2012 Areas of Unmet HC Need in Rural Oregon Report- County Specific Tables throughout

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/upload/2012-Unmet-Need-Report.pdf

Oregon Office of Rural Health Community Profiles

No link- in electronic files

*SUMMARY- 2012 MUA, HPSA and Unmet Need report Oregon by city/county

http://www.ohsu.edu/xd/outreach/oregon-rural- health/data/upload/Designations-of-Health-Care- Shortage-Report.pdf

Seniors Rogue Valley Council of Governments Area Agency on Aging 2013-2016 Area Plan http://www.rvcog.org/ftp/2013-2016_RVCOG_ Area_Agency_on_Aging_Four-Year_Area_ Plan/2013-2016_RVCOG_AAA_Area_Plan.pdf

55

Category Title *particularly good source document

Source

Tobacco

Oregon Tobacco Facts & Laws 2011 http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ tobfacts.pdf

OHP Tobacco Cessation Services Report 2012

http://www.oregon.gov/oha/healthplan/ DataReportsDocs/2012%20Tobacco%20 Cessation%20Services%20Survey.pdf

Oregon Tobacco Quit Line Data https://www.box.com/quitlinereports/

*Oregon County Tobacco Fact Sheet http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ countyfacts/jackfac.pdf

Oregon Quit line Utilization Dashboard County Report-NOVEMBER 2012 report

all months site link: http://public.health.oregon. gov/PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Pages/ pubs.aspx#quitlinedashboard

Burden of Tobacco among Medicaid clients in Oregon

http://public.health.oregon.gov/ PreventionWellness/TobaccoPrevention/Documents/ medicaidburden.pdf

*Vital Signs: Current Cigarette Smoking Among Adults Aged >18 Years with Mental Illness- United States 2009-2011

http://www.cdc.gov/mmwr/preview/mmwrhtml/ mm6205a2.htm?s_cid=mm6205a2_w

4 page consumer fact sheet: http://www.cdc.gov/ VitalSigns/pdf/2013-02-vitalsigns.pdf

Transportation Report on Existing Conditions, United We Ride Plan, for Rogue Valley 2012 http://www.ammatransitplanning.com/ clientp01/client01sub1/UWR_Existing%20 Conditions_071312.docx

Community Health Assessment Focus Group Guide & Questions

We asked you to come here today to provide input to the Josephine Jackson County community health assessment project. The purpose of the focus group is to learn from you what you think about health and what, in your opinion, affects your, your family’s, and your community’s health and wellness. AllCare, PrimaryHealth and Jackson Care Connect are sponsoring these groups, and the information will be used to increase our understanding of community health issues and for planning our programs and services so that they fit the needs of the community. There will be lots of questions today, most that we won’t be able to answer today. We will record your questions and they will be included in our report.

Once we hear from our other groups, we can send information about what we learned and what we are doing with the information to anyone who is interested. We will also have a final report and action plan that details everything we hear during these meetings.

Polling Questions

1. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important ingredients for a “Healthy Community?” (Those factors which most improve the quality of life in a community.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Good place to raise children ___ Low level of child abuse/domestic violence ___ Good schools ___ Access to health care (e.g., family doctor) ___ Parks and recreation ___ Clean environment ___ Affordable housing ___ Good jobs and healthy economy ___ Healthy behaviors and lifestyles ___ Religious or spiritual values ___ Other______________

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2. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important “health problems” in our community? (Those problems which have the greatest impact on overall community health.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Problems from aging such as (e.g., arthritis,hearing/vision loss, etc.) ___ Cancer ___ Child abuse /domestic violence/rape ___ Dental problems ___ Diabetes ___ Heart disease and stroke ___ Infectious Diseases (e.g., hepatitis, TB, etc.) ___ Mental health problems ___ Respiratory / lung disease

___ Other ___________________

3. In the following list, what do you think are the three most important “risky behaviors” in our community? (Those behaviors which have the greatest impact on overall community health.)

Rank the top three (1 = greatest impact on health): ___ Alcohol abuse ___ Being overweight ___ Drug abuse ___ Lack of exercise ___ Poor eating habits ___ Tobacco use ___ Not using birth control (unprotected sex) ___ Reckless driving ___ Not seeing a health provider when you need care ___ Other____

4. How would rate our community as a “Healthy Community?”

___ Very unhealthy ___ Unhealthy ___ Somewhat healthy ___ Healthy ___ Very healthy 5. How would you rate your personal health?

___ Very unhealthy ___ Unhealthy ___ Somewhat healthy ___ Healthy ___ Very healthy

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6.. How do you pay for most of your health care?

___ Pay cash (no insurance) ___ Health insurance (e.g., private insurance, Blue Shield, HMO) ___ Medicaid (OHP) ___ Medicare ___ Veterans’ Administration ___ Indian Health Services ___ Other ____________________

7. Have you had a dental exam/teeth cleaning in the last 12 months? _____Yes _____ No

8. I currently live with a chronic disease like Diabetes, Asthma, Heart Disease, Arthritis, COPD or other chronic condition.

___ Yes ___No

9. I have received health care services when I needed them in the last 12 months.

Strongly agree Agree Somewhat agree Neutral Somewhat disagree Disagree Strongly disagree

10. What county do you live in?

Josephine Jackson

11. What is your age?

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25 or under 26-39 40-54 55-64 65 or over

12. What is your sex?

Female Male

13. Which ethnic group do you most identify with?

African American/Black Asian/Pacific Islander Hispanic/Latino Native American White/Caucasian Biracial/more than one Other

14. What is your marital status?

Married or living with somebody Not married, dating, single, widowed or divorced

15. What is the highest level of education you have completed?

Less than high school diploma High school diploma or GED College degree or certificate Advanced Degree (masters or more) Other

16. What is your approximate annual household income?

Less than $20,000 $20,000 to $29,999 $30,000 to $49,000 $50,000-$75,000 Over $75,000 I don’t know

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Discussion Questions: Do you think people in your community are healthy? Why? Why not? What affects the health of you & your family the most? Tell me about your biggest health concern in your community? What do you think we (as a community) can do to enhance health?