RESEARCH LITERATURE REVIEW

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Patient with age of 40 years admitted to hospital. Comment by Rebecca Coffin: If this is the population, then “admitted to the hospital” needs to be in the PICO as well – you need to be consistent

According to Erhardt, L. (2009) smoking has many risk factors especially if it is undertreated. Those effects of smoking are evident even from an early stage. An adult smoker may be at risk of cardiovascular diseases. However, the adverse effects of smoking may be reversible through smoking cessation than standard therapy.

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Nurse led smoking cessation program.

Through various cessation research, it has was found that intensive nurse led cessations are effective in helping smokers to quit. According to the national evaluation, four-week carbon monoxide monitoring validated quit rates of 53%, falling to 15% in a year. However, old adults appear to have long-term quit rates than other groups. Comment by Rebecca Coffin: There is no citation here. You should discuss research from at least one nurse-led smoking cessation program

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Versus standard therapy Comment by Rebecca Coffin: Give some examples of standard therapies

According to Herman, A. I., & Sofuoglu, M. (2010) smoking is a major public problem that causes more than five million deaths annually worldwide. The health care costs of smoking exceed 400 billion dollars each year. Nurse led smoking cessation program is cheaper compared to standard therapy. Also, quitting smoking is associated with immediate health benefits irrespective of age or smoking related disease. Thus, nurse led smoking cessation is better than standard therapy. Comment by Rebecca Coffin: Where is the support for these statements?

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Assisting smokers to quit

Nurse led smoking cessation program is most effective in assisting smokers to quit smoking. According to Meysman et al. 2010, there was reduction in the number of patient who smoke that undergone nurse led smoking cessation program. Hospitalized patients experience higher self-confidence to stop smoking after receiving brief advice. The cessation program should be brief and should not impose a large additional workload or require new resources for it to be effective. Comment by Rebecca Coffin: Be careful with these types of statements Comment by Rebecca Coffin: This section should be in the “I” section as rationale Here you should be talking about why it is important to quit smoking, what the general success/relapse rate is, things like that

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Within two months Comment by Rebecca Coffin: You probably don’t need this section

There is no specific time frame for a hospitalized patient to quit smoking but according to many patients, they quit smoking within the first two months of the program. Standard therapy may take longer than nurse led smoking cessation program ("Nurse-led Smoking Cessation Program With Follow-up in Healthy Life Centres: a Randomized Clinical Trial - Full Text View - ClinicalTrials.gov", 2022).