revised essay

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Alexander argues that the criminal justice impression created throughout popular culture is profoundly misleading "the modern-day equals of old films portraying the happy slaves." Chapter Two from The New Jim Crow (2010) deals with the war on drugs and anti-drug laws that have shaped the new American criminal justice system. So, it would seem that many Americans do not recognize the U.S. Fourth Amendment (Alexander, 2010). Currently, the Constitution says what the police need or what it wants. This literature amendment provides that: in full, the right of the people to be protected from arbitrary searches and seizures in their individuals, homes, papers, and effects shall be breached, and no warrants were given, except with probable cause backed by oaths or assertion, except in particular specifying the place to be searched, and the person or items being to be searched. this supports the idea that most American people do not recognize the U.S Fourth Amendment. (thesis should make a claim example: Therefore, this supports the idea that most American do not recognize the U.S Fourth Amendment, the system take advantage of their ignorance casing many injustices)

           However, most Americans tend to think that they understand the criminal justice system's workings, based on T.V. programs featuring offenders and newspaper coverage. Alexander thus ventures into the war on drugs with daunting myths of significance. First of all, she claims that the conflict is not a war goal. The narcotics war aimed solely at the "hazardous" substances; marijuana has focused 80% more drug convictions since 1980. (Alexander, 2010,). (Should be APA) Still, in Chapter Two, she is only concerned about how the fight will imprison such a significant proportion of the American population. Therefore, Alexander tells in-depth how the legal system's inside and outside have been confused, particularly after the war on drugs. This campaign has quadrupled the number of opioid users going to jail for forced minima or three-strike regulations. For nonviolent, soft substance offenses such as pot possession, the bulk of people who serve time in prison are convicted. The law enforcement agencies are encouraged by federal sanctions and measures to expand prosecutions and confiscations. They were motivated by ethnic profiling, which might offer 'that he had short hair,' or 'that he had long hair.' When the U.S. Supreme Court is called to trial by the constitutionality of those practices, the courts are continuously ruling in favor of interpreting the law. The Supreme Court continually denies any verification that many of the stops and frisks are just skin color.

This would prove Alexander's claims in the Chapter where he suggests that the Drug War has empowered the police to work without moral "constraint." The Supreme Court repeatedly held that the Constitution contained a "drug exception" to disqualify citizens from fundamental rights, from voting to employment to privacy (Alexander, 2010) (fine a quote in the article and using it correctly and cite using APA include page number as well). That means that the drug war utterly contradicts America's status as a democracy characterized by everyone's freedoms and human liberties. According to Alexander (2010), "nobody else can legally violate their rights under anti-drug policies, virtually everywhere for any reason." Nevertheless, the police had been banned from arresting and investigating individuals without permission in the past, which was considered a "fourth principle of the amendment" and reversed after the 'stop and frisk' was introduced in 1968. (cite APA page number or change the quote and write respond to a quote).

(if you could add an opponent point of view) The problem is not the war on drugs, the problem lies in the system. It is the role of the police to fight against drugs, but they have no right to harass innocent t citizens and then justify the action to reasonable suspicion. It is legal for the police to conduct and engage in a roundup for nonviolent offenders. There are more issues to deal with in the police department rather than harassing and arresting people with minor drug crimes. The issue is in the system. All the actions done are only for the benefit of the people who are responsible for the administration and maintenance of the system. More efforts are directed on drug use when the issue is not even a major concern in most of the communities. War on drugs is perceived as a distraction from more serious crimes that affect the community the most. There are more serious crimes that the police should focus their efforts on. Crimes such as rape, murder, theft. The war on drugs is not aimed at benefiting the people in the community but rather to achieve political goals and also to benefit the system (Hudson, D. L., & Marzilli, A. 2011). (again, cite APA and page number) if you could fine rewrite and using new cite.

           Furthermore, this Chapter's conviction is just the beginning of an imprisonment scourge on suspicion of organized crime. Many criminals convicted head to the Supreme Court without legal counsel. They are under coercion from the government, even though they did not commit the crime, to plead guilty to a settlement. To not assert guilty is to face being charged more seriously. The bulk of public defenders are overwhelmed. They also persuade their customers to take the offer instead of running the risk of increasing jail sentences. Many innocent citizens in this chain are harmed. Alexander states that the War on Drugs was originally a legislative campaign reinvented by the Reagan Administration, and not even a law enforcement initiative. The federal government gave supporting legal enforcement measures to adapt its priorities to opioid offenses to get law enforcement on board. This is important as the study explores how a massive war on drugs could work and why it could succeed. It is important. (where is the cite)

There is a dilemma in the Regan Administration when the agencies were granted a huge amount of cash for their willingness to make the fight on drugs their priority. The war on drugs has now ceased to be political and has transformed to be an actual war. The police departments on the war on drugs have been funded and given military equipment to fight the war against drugs. The drug war is now conducted with the style of military raid. The SWAT team is very violent in fighting the drug war. Much force is used regardless of the alleged drug crime. There is a lot of property that is destroyed since the operation is not a polite encounter. A lot of innocent people are injured and killed during the raids. The method that is used to fight drugs is very brutal. Innocent people like the children and the aged who are innocent of the crimes suffer in the process (Benavie, 2012). (page number for cite and write respond to a quote)  

Moreover, courts were often lenient before mandatory minimum punishment rules if the offender was threatened with poverty, alcohol, or misuse problems. However, compulsory minimum sentences mean that judges scarcely participate and cannot exercise this leniency even though they wish. In America, the duration of such terms is typically ten years. Even first-time criminals are often sentenced to life in jail, which is the case in the rest of the world, where opioid sentences are repeatedly measured over months. Alexander is a reminder of actual offenders with extraordinarily lengthy sentences for simple offenses that ruin their lives. She points out that the Supreme Court of Conservatives Anthony Kennedy, who was confirmed by Reagan, deemed compulsory and "unnecessary" minimum penalties. (need a recommend or something that the reader got from your essay).

References

Alexander, M. (2020). The new Jim Crow: Mass incarceration in the age of colorblindness. The New Press.

 Benavie, A. (2012). Drugs: America's holy war. Routledge.

Hudson, D. L., & Marzilli, A. (2011). undefined. Chelsea House Pub.