Can some help update this assignment?

Deanna Earl Seminar in Medical Humanities -MHU 4813 Professor: Abraham Graber

Bibliography

A doctor's job involves assisting to serve families by helping pregnant mothers achieve safe

deliveries. Giving birth and settling in with newborn infants marks a significant transition in

human existence. Many factors motivate young people to pursue medical studies. For instance,

studies on infant mortality rates may prompt an individual to ship in the medical field to assist

African-American women who are highly affected by community mortality rates. This

bibliography's primary focus is to reflect on how we can bring awareness to the high rate of infant

and mortality rate.

Infant mortality refers to the number of deaths of children who are below two years of age.

In a health and maternal journal, Mottl-Santiago et al. (375) elaborate on infant mortalities by

providing astonishing statistic data. Gazmaranian et al (235) state that 74.4% of all preterm births

in the world account for infants born between 34-36 weeks after gestation, referred to as preterm

infants. Another study by MacDorman (811) indicates the number of infants born at late preterm to

be one-third of the overall mortality rates, where in 2002, the figure meant that in every 1000 live

births, about 8 infants are at greater risks of succumbing to neo natal complications when

compared to their counterparts (Roberts 150). However, Davis indicates a declining number of

mortality rates in his report and claims the higher numbers experienced before to be results of

premature births and medical racism.

Doctors are required to perform their responsibilities and help bring the mortality rates

down thereby help in saving lives. According to McDaniels, the medical staff should work on

decreasing the recovery time for newly conceived mothers, where they may assist in reducing an

epidural, or involve doula care (Kozhimannil et al. 23), which result to less medical interventions

and better care for pregnant mothers.

Deanna Earl Seminar in Medical Humanities -MHU 4813 Professor: Abraham Graber

Work Cited

Deanna Earl Seminar in Medical Humanities -MHU 4813 Professor: Abraham Graber Davis, Dána-Ain. Reproductive Injustice: Racism, Pregnancy, and Premature Birth. NYU Press,

2019.

King, Gazmararian, et al. "Disparities in Mortality Rates Among US Infants Born Late Preterm or

Early Term, 2003–2005." Maternal and Child Health Journal, vol. 18, no. 1, Springer

Science and Business Media LLC, Jan. 2014, pp. 233–41, doi:10.1007/s10995-013-1259-0.

Kozhimannil, Katy B., et al. "Modeling the cost‐effectiveness of doula care associated with

reductions in preterm birth and cesarean delivery." Birth 43.1 (2016): 20-27.

MacDorman, Marian F., Eugene Declercq, and Marie E. Thoma. "Trends in maternal mortality by

socio-demographic characteristics and cause of death in 27 states and the District of

Columbia." Obstetrics and gynaecology 129.5 (2017): 811.

McDaniels, A. "Baltimore Enlists Doulas to help bring infant mortality rate down." The Baltimore

Sun (2017).

Mottl-Santiago, Julie, et al. "A Hospital-Based Doula Program and Childbirth Outcomes in an

Urban, Multicultural Setting." Maternal and Child Health Journal, vol. 12, no. 3, Springer

US, May 2008, pp. 372–77, doi:10.1007/s10995-007-0245- 9.

Roberts, Jessica F. "'The little coffin': Anthologies, Conventions and Dead Children."

Representations of Death in Nineteenth-Century US Writing and Culture. Routledge, 2018.

141-154.