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I just need responses to these answers like last week. Keep them in order or label them when you answer. Thank you.

300 words 1 reference for each

Samantha

A forensic toxicology test can reveal many things. It can reveal amounts of drugs whether legal or illegal as well as any type of poison that might have been ingested, injected, or exposed to. Toxicology tests are often used by medical examiners to determine the manner of death or any contributors that might have led to the victim possibly losing consciousness and causing an accident or what could have been something that exacerbated an already underlying condition (Walsh et al., 2019). Depending on what the medical examiner suspects might be the cause or an attributing factor will depend on where they will test for medical substances, alchool, drugs, and poisons. Areas that can be tested are Blood, urine, the vitreous gel in the eye, gastric contents, bile, liver, and hair (Forensic Toxicology Simplified, 2013). 

      Fibers are important to criminal investigators, after they are collected either from the crime scene itself, clothes, the victim, or the suspect they are photographed documented, and placed in their own individual containers (Suga et al., 2014). Fibers can be identified by morphological observation, evaluating the color or colors of the fibers, and an FT-IR which is the Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (Suga et al., 2014). The FT-IR is one of the most common ways to identify fibers, it is a non-destructive way that offers the forensic scientist not only a detailed visual of microscopic information but also material identification. (Suga et al., 2014). 

     Hair follicles that are collected and documented from the crime scene are tested and can reveal valuable information to the examiner and investigators. Not only can hair follicles under the microscope reveal color, dye, substance use, or where they could have come from either human or animal it can also reveal possible DNA. To match hair from a suspect or victim to see if they match and they do not contain any DNA, they are often matched microscopically against each other (Grisedale et al., 2018). When a hair follicle is tested for DNA it can be collected by what is know as STR typing or short tandem repeat analysis (Grisedale et al., 2018). The DNA that is retrieved from the hair is mitochondrial and nuclear DNA. DNA is extracted by placing the hair in solutions and incubated for at least an hour. Once the sample is then purified the DNA can be extracted (Grisedale et al., 2018). 

Lindsey

Forensic toxicology is usually used after someone is found dead and there is no certainty of the cause. These tests are run to see if there were any drugs involved in the cause of death. For example, if someone is found dead from an apparent overdose, an investigator can run a toxicology test to determine what drugs were being used and what caused the overdose. Forensic toxicology analyzes biological samples, often blood or urine, to find out if there are any illegal substances, prescription medications, alcohol, poisons, or drugs taken in high quantities for a suicide attempt or overdose. The forensic toxicologist's initial report lists all the drugs that are, if any, present and those that are not. Chromatographic approaches are a technique to detect an analytical technique for compound/drug separation and are typically based on either high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) or gas chromatography (GC) coupled with MS. In toxicology, this is the only method that can be relied upon to prove the structure of an unknown drug. The use of GC/MS and HPLC-MS (often referred to as LC/MS) in the modern toxicology laboratory has significantly grown thanks to the broad development of commercial MS technology at an affordable price.             Protocols for examining fiber and hair evidence start at the crime scene, just like all other evidence. Hair and fiber evidence can be crucial in solving a case. If this evidence is not collected correctly, then like I’ve seen in previous weeks, the guilty person can walk free. Fibers can be linked to carpets or clothing and can pinpoint a certain area that the victim may have been prior to where they died. This goes for hair as well. If a hair is found in a car that may have been where the victim was transported, investigators can use this evidence to solve their case with the hair and fibers that were located either at the scene or on the victim. Common methods used in collecting fibers are tweezers or vacuuming an area and sorting the materials at the laboratory. Fiber evidence can also be gathered by tape lifting. However, this is not ideal due to the destructive nature of adhesives. Samples that potentially contain fibers should be separately bagged to prevent cross-contamination. Investigators can determine whether a certain hair is human or animal, and in the instance of human hair, they can also determine where on the body the sample came from. Testing can be done on samples to determine the source person's race as well as the hair's color, form, and chemical composition. It is stated that there are poisons, dyes, and hair treatments present. This information can assist investigators in including or excluding individuals as the source of the hair. DNA testing may be used to identify a person if their hair still has a follicle attached; otherwise, hair comparison is normally only used to rule someone out. The laboratory receives the collected samples and control samples from the suspect. All hair from the head should be included in the control samples, and before collecting pubic hair, the area should be brushed to remove any foreign hairs. Tweezers are typically used to obtain hair samples.

Ssg500

Jarvis

When a researcher wishes to comprehend both the participant's individual experiences and the larger social framework in which those experiences occur, a mixed methods approach may be very helpful. For instance, a mixed methods approach may be utilized to research homeless people's experiences. Quantitative information on the number of homeless persons in a city as well as qualitative information on each homeless person's personal experiences might be gathered by the researcher. This strategy could provide a more thorough knowledge of the homeless problem than either quantitative or qualitative techniques themselves.

A mixed methods approach is the most effective way to gather information on various subjects. Others contend that although a mixed methods approach has its limits, it may be effective in certain circumstances. For instance, some contend that it may be challenging to implement a mixed methods approach successfully and that it can be challenging to combine quantitative and qualitative data.

One argument for its use is the ability of a mixed methods approach to give phenomena knowledge of phenomena than either quantitative or qualitative approaches alone. A mixed methods approach might also be helpful when the researcher wishes to look at a variety of subjects.

It might be challenging to implement properly and combine the quantitative and qualitative data, two arguments against utilizing a mixed methods approach. Some contend that a mixed methods approach may not be able to provide a comprehensive knowledge of phenomena.

It is up to the researcher to determine whether to employ a mixed methods approach given the arguments for and against doing so.

The individual research issue and the researcher's goals will determine whether a mixed methods approach should be used. A mixed methods approach may in certain instances be the most effective way to gather data on a variety of subjects. In some situations, a mixed methods approach may not be able to provide a thorough knowledge of phenomena.

Josh

In week 6 we discussed articles that used the qualitative and quantitative research methods. While I was reading the articles it was clear how useful the opposite research method could have been to better support the essential end goal of the studies. For example, I accessed the article which discussed counterinsurgency operations and human intelligence leading to mass murders of suspected informants. The study used qualitative research, but a quantitative research study could have brought more light to the issue. Such as data points, a study that could understand the intelligence process to identify areas that could be changed to better safeguard those willing to provide information.

Mixed methods approach is best used when the researcher comes to an agreement that one research method for the study cannot answer the research question alone. Therefore, a mixed methods approach will be used. A mixed method approach allows the researcher to add more value to the content of the study. It also gives the data and research more credibility and puts data points to the secondary research analysis. The mixed methods approached allows for the strengths of the qualitative and quantitive approach to be combined and create one cohesive study. The unfortunate cons of this approach though is that it requires more time to complete the study, more funding, and possibly more researchers. An issue that researchers come across is not being able to repeat the study to test the method itself especially if a researcher is one-sided. Although many see it as an approach that is greatly beneficial and can solve problems some see it differently and believe its not universal and doesn’t have a solid rubric to follow.