2.
Autonomy is the right of a person to make their own decision. In this case the mother speaks for the autonomy of the patient. “Respect for autonomy has been recognized in the Fourteenth Amendment to the Constitution of the United States” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 40). A patent can make decisions concerning healthcare that can negatively influence their medical condition, yet they have a right to do this. They can refuse medications and even sign themselves out of a hospital. Take for example a Jehovah Witness who refuses blood product while struggling through an Obstetric Hemorrhage. As healthcare providers we are obligated to provide as much information as possible to help a patient make an educated decision; however, sometimes it is a decision that is based off of personal beliefs even knowing the consequences.
As healthcare providers, there is a constant reflection o benefit verses risk. “Beneficence describes the principle of doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion, and helping others” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 40). One has to be aware of the cultural, values, and beliefs of a patient to help them weight the benefit verses risk. For this patient the mother would need to be informed of the benefit verses risk. This would need to be done in her primary language so that the medical providers can know all efforts were enacted for her to make an informed decision. The mother needs to take into consideration what her child’s wishes would be and not just her own selfish desires.
As patient advocates, health care providers have one major rule; that is to do no harm. “Nonmaleficence is an ethical principle that requires care-givers to avoid causing patients harm” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 40). This becomes a major ethical dilemma in states where there are end of life options for patient such as California, Oregon, and Washington. When there is no hope of recovery, “the patient’s caregivers can help ease the transition from life to death by providing comfort care and addressing the patient’s spiritual needs (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 41). The physicians could arrange to offer a family meeting about the treatment plan of the patient or get Chaplain services involved who can help the mother incorporate her religious beliefs into the care plan of the patient. The doctors have an obligation to treat the patient until the mother changes her mind, or a court order is enacted. If the doctors believe that there is truly no hope and that providing aggressive medical care is doing more harm than good, then they can move forward with legal involvement.
Just because the mother doesn’t speak English well, is she being provided the same level of information and respect as those that speak English as their primary language. “Justice is the obligation to be fair in the distribution of benefits and risks” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 41). Is insurance a driving force for the care plan f this patient, perhaps medical resources? The Affordable care act helps to bridge this gap through moving in a direction to provide affordable and accessible healthcare for all. It is by no means perfect but does move America into the right direction.
References
Pozgar, G. D., & Santucci, N. M. (2016). Legal Aspects of Health Care Administration 12th edition. Burlington, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning .
3.
According to Pozgar (2016), justice is about treating people in like situations in the same manner. In looking at this case, the just medical staff must ensure they are treating this patient in the same way they are treating any other patient. For example, if the physicians are more inclined to dismiss the mother’s wishes because she does not speak English versus another patient in a similar situation whose decision makers can clearly state their desires for care; the physicians’ care is not the same in each situation. In this scenario, the patients’ situations are the same. The only difference is the decision maker’s ability to communicate. Therefore, in applying the principle of justice, treatment of the two patients should be the same.
Pozgar (2016) describes beneficence as being kind and compassionate. Applying this principle to patient care involves knowing what the patient and family wishes and believes and then weighing the pros and cons of treatment options. In the scenario given it is important for the physicians to be knowledgeable about the patient and his mother’s belief system. For example, the mother believes God will cure her son. Caregivers using beneficence should communicate and care for this family in such a way as to not take away all hope.
Nonmaleficence involves avoiding actions that would be harmful to others (Pozgar, 2016). Using this principle physicians would not choose treatment options that would ultimately be more harmful to the patient. For example, while the physicians believe aggressively treating this patient’s pneumonia would be futile, treatment is not likely to be harmful.
Autonomy is the right of a person to make decisions for himself (Pozgar, 2016). In this scenario, the patient is unable to make decisions for himself. However, his mother is acting as his surrogate. Since the patient cannot make decisions for himself, the responsibility falls on his mother. Certainly, the mother is likely to know more about the patient’s wishes than the physicians. If there is no specific guidance from a written advance directive, the only clue to what the patient would want is through his mother. Therefore, respecting the mother’s wishes ultimately serves to honor this patient’s autonomy for decision-making even though the decision is being made by his mother.
Pozgar, G. D. (2016). Legal aspects of health care administration (12th ed.). Burlington, MA: Jones & Bartlett Learning.
2
RESPONSES 2 AND 3
2.
The
mother
is
the
speaking
voice
for
this
patient,
her
wishes
and
cultural
beliefs
should
be
honored.
There
has
to
be
an
ability
for
her
to
make
educated
choices,
and
this
may
require
professional
medical
translators
to
explain
the
medical
condition
of
the
patient
in
a
manner
that
she
can
understand.
Autonomy
is
the
right
of
a
person
to
make
their
own
decision.
In
this
case
the
mother
speaks
for
the
autonomy
of
the
patient.
“Respect
for
autonomy
has
been
recognized
in
the
Fourteenth
Amendment
to
the
Constit
ution
of
the
United
States”
(Pozgar
&
Santucci,
2016,
p.
40).
A
patent
can
make
decisions
concerning
healthcare
that
can
negatively
influence
their
medical
condition,
yet
they
have
a
right
to
do
this.
They
can
refuse
medications
and
even
sign
themselves
ou
t
of
a
hospital.
Take
for
example
a
Jehovah
Witness
who
refuses
blood
product
while
struggling
through
an
Obstetric
Hemorrhage.
As
healthcare
providers
we
are
obligated
to
provide
as
much
information
as
possible
to
help
a
patient
make
an
educated
decision;
however,
sometimes
it
is
a
decision
that
is
based
off
of
personal
beliefs
even
knowing
the
consequences.
As
healthcare
providers,
there
is
a
constant
reflection
o
benefit
verses
risk.
“Bene
?
cence
describes
the
principle
of
doing
good,
demonstrating
kindne
ss,
showing
compassion,
and
helping
others”
(Pozgar
&
Santucci,
2016,
p.
40).
One
has
to
be
aware
of
the
cultural,
values,
and
beliefs
of
a
patient
to
help
them
weight
the
benefit
verses
risk.
For
this
patient
the
mother
would
need
to
be
informed
of
the
be
nefit
verses
risk.
This
would
need
to
be
done
in
her
primary
language
so
that
the
medical
providers
can
know
all
efforts
were
enacted
for
her
to
make
an
informed
decision.
The
mother
needs
to
take
into
consideration
what
her
child’s
wishes
would
be
and
not
just
her
own
selfish
desires.
As
patient
advocates,
health
care
providers
have
one
major
rule;
that
is
to
do
no
harm.
“Nonmale
?
cence
is
an
ethical
principle
that
requires
care
-
givers
to
avoid
causing
patients
harm”
(Pozgar
&
Santucci,
2016,
p.
40).
This
b
ecomes
a
major
ethical
dilemma
in
states
where
there
are
end
of
life
options
for
patient
such
as
California,
Oregon,
and
Washington.
When
there
is
no
hope
of
recovery,
“the
patient’s
caregivers
can
help
ease
the
transition
from
life
to
death
by
providing
c
omfort
care
and
addressing
the
patient’s
spiritual
needs
(Pozgar
&
Santucci,
2016,
p.
41).
The
physicians
could
arrange
to
offer
a
family
meeting
about
the
treatment
plan
of
the
patient
or
get
Chaplain
services
involved
who
can
help
the
mother
incorporate
her
religious
beliefs
into
the
care
plan
of
the
patient.
The
doctors
have
an
obligation
to
treat
the
patient
until
the
mother
changes
her
mind,
or
a
court
order
is
enacted.
If
the
doctors
believe
that
there
is
truly
no
hope
and
that
providing
aggressive
me
dical
care
is
doing
more
harm
than
good,
then
they
can
move
forward
with
legal
involvement.
Just
because
the
mother
doesn’t
speak
English
well,
is
she
being
provided
the
same
level
of
information
and
respect
as
those
that
speak
English
as
their
primary
lan
guage.
“Justice
is
the
obligation
to
be
fair
in
the
distribution
of
bene
?
ts
and
risks”
(Pozgar
&
Santucci,
2016,
p.
41).
Is
insurance
a
driving
force
for
the
care
plan
f
this
patient,
perhaps
medical
resources?
The
Affordable
care
act
helps
to
bridge
this
gap
through
moving
in
a
direction
to
provide
affordable
and
accessible
healthcare
for
all.
It
is
by
no
means
perfect
but
does
move
America
into
the
right
direction.
References
Pozgar,
G.
D.,
&
Santucci,
N.
M.
(2016).
Legal
Aspects
of
Health
Care
Administra
tion
12th
edition.
Burlington,
MA
:
Jones
&
Bartlett
Learning
.
3.
RESPONSES 2 AND 3
2.
The mother is the speaking voice for this patient, her wishes and cultural beliefs should be honored. There
has to be an ability for her to make educated choices, and this may require professional medical
translators to explain the medical condition of the patient in a manner that she can understand.
Autonomy is the right of a person to make their own decision. In this case the mother speaks for the
autonomy of the patient. “Respect for autonomy has been recognized in the Fourteenth Amendment to the
Constitution of the United States” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 40). A patent can make decisions
concerning healthcare that can negatively influence their medical condition, yet they have a right to do
this. They can refuse medications and even sign themselves out of a hospital. Take for example a Jehovah
Witness who refuses blood product while struggling through an Obstetric Hemorrhage. As healthcare
providers we are obligated to provide as much information as possible to help a patient make an educated
decision; however, sometimes it is a decision that is based off of personal beliefs even knowing the
consequences.
As healthcare providers, there is a constant reflection o benefit verses risk. “Bene?cence describes the
principle of doing good, demonstrating kindness, showing compassion, and helping others” (Pozgar &
Santucci, 2016, p. 40). One has to be aware of the cultural, values, and beliefs of a patient to help them
weight the benefit verses risk. For this patient the mother would need to be informed of the benefit verses
risk. This would need to be done in her primary language so that the medical providers can know all
efforts were enacted for her to make an informed decision. The mother needs to take into consideration
what her child’s wishes would be and not just her own selfish desires.
As patient advocates, health care providers have one major rule; that is to do no harm. “Nonmale?cence is
an ethical principle that requires care-givers to avoid causing patients harm” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p.
40). This becomes a major ethical dilemma in states where there are end of life options for patient such as
California, Oregon, and Washington. When there is no hope of recovery, “the patient’s caregivers can
help ease the transition from life to death by providing comfort care and addressing the patient’s spiritual
needs (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 41). The physicians could arrange to offer a family meeting about the
treatment plan of the patient or get Chaplain services involved who can help the mother incorporate her
religious beliefs into the care plan of the patient. The doctors have an obligation to treat the patient until
the mother changes her mind, or a court order is enacted. If the doctors believe that there is truly no hope
and that providing aggressive medical care is doing more harm than good, then they can move forward
with legal involvement.
Just because the mother doesn’t speak English well, is she being provided the same level of information
and respect as those that speak English as their primary language. “Justice is the obligation to be fair in
the distribution of bene?ts and risks” (Pozgar & Santucci, 2016, p. 41). Is insurance a driving force for the
care plan f this patient, perhaps medical resources? The Affordable care act helps to bridge this gap
through moving in a direction to provide affordable and accessible healthcare for all. It is by no means
perfect but does move America into the right direction.
References
Pozgar, G. D., & Santucci, N. M. (2016). Legal Aspects of Health Care Administration 12th
edition. Burlington, MA : Jones & Bartlett Learning .
3.
trooperwarxhw3
RESPONSES2AND3.docx
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