Analysis and Evaluation of Frameworks and Theories

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· McEwen and Wills (2019)

Chapter 5 -theory analysis and evaluation

· Evaluation is a process which systematically exams a theory

· Answer the question:  How sound is the theory?

· Three steps: 1) theory description – including historical context, 2) theory analysis – examine its content, structure, and function, and 3) theory evaluation – critique

· Characteristics of a significant theory: scope, complexity, testability, usefulness, implicit values of the theorist, information generated from the theory, meaningful terminology

· Criteria for evaluation: meaning and logical adequacy, operational and empirical adequacy, testability, generality, contributions to understanding, predictability, and pragmatic adequacy (note: mostly about adequacy)

 

Chapter 7 – grand nursing theories based on human needs

· Biopsychosocial

· Florence, Henderson, Abdellah, Orem, D. Johnson, Neuman

· Consider the background of the theorist, philosophical underpinnings of the theory, assumptions, concepts, relationships between concepts, usefulness, testability (parts or whole), parsimony, value in extending nursing science

 

Walker and Avant (2019)

Chapter 6 – theory derivation

· Look to see analogous dimensions of a phenomenon in 2 different fields of interest – redefine and transpose content and/or structure

· Example: system theory was transposed in Roy, Roberts, Neuman, etc. theories

· Steps: 1) read widely on the topic, 2) look for analogies in other fields, 3) choose a parent theory, 4) identify content and structure of the parent theory, and 5) develop new statements and define new concepts in the derived theory

 

Chapter 9 – theory synthesis

· Aim is to construct a theory – organize concepts and relationships into a whole

· Steps: 1) identify a focal concept, 2) review of the literature about factors that are related to the concepts (positive and negative relationships between factors and concepts), and 3) organize concepts and statements into a representation of the phenomenon

· A graphic form of the relationships and statements is a model

· Three aims: preceding events (predict the phenomenon), outcomes, and organization of relational statements into a system

· Theory should be based on empirical evidence

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Chapter 12 – theory analysis

· A theory should describe, explain, predict, prescribe or control the phenomenon – the phenomenon should be clear, what is effects, and how it affects other phenomenon

· Once again, theory analysis is a systematic explanation of the theory for meaning, logical adequacy, usefulness, generality, parsimony, and testability

· Analysis=understanding

· Six steps:

21. Identify origins of the theory

21. Examine meaning of the theory (look at the concepts, definitions, statements, and relationships)

21. Analyze how logical it is (does it make sense, do scientists agree on it, can it make predictions independent of content?)

21. Determine its usefulness (how much research has it generated, what clinical problem is the theory relevant, does the theory have potential to influence nursing practice, education, administration, and research?)

21. Determine its generalizability and parsimony

21. Determine its testability - empirical evidence support

 

Chapter 13 – concept, statement, and theory testing

. You start with concepts, then statements, and finally theory which needs testing and revisions and finally retesting

. Look at concepts, statements, and theory in light of four considerations: are the theoretical terms interconnected, can you logically test the hypotheses, is the theory demonstrate construct validity, is the theory tested using both quantitative and qualitative ways

. You need to valid the concept – is there evidence that it represents the phenomenon in reality?  Is there evidence that the concept is relevant to practice?  What evidence supports the attributes of the concept?

. Silva approach was modified to test the scope and criteria for theory testing – eight considerations

 

Chapman, Styles, Perry, and Combs (2010)

. Adjusting to workplace violence – applying the theory of adaptation

. The aim of the study was to learn how nurses who experience workplace violence adapt to maintain integrity of their psychological self and emotional well-being; if we understand this we can develop policy and programs

. Taylor’s framework applied – this theory focuses on cognitive adaptation to life threatening events; its an adjustment process; we search for meaning, mastery over the event, and enhance ourself by comparing ourselves to others and do better

 

Dumchin (2010)

. The author looked at the education of perioperative nurses from traditional education to online education

. A model, that needs to be empirically tested, was created for perioperative nursing curricula based on Benner, social constructivism, adult learning, and advanced technology

 

Eaton, Davis, Hammond, Condon, and McGee (2011)

. Coping of family members of hospitalized psychiatric patients – use of Folkman and Lazarus’ theory of coping

. There is emotion focused coping, problem focused coping, and mixed

. Neuman’s system model can help explain environmental factors

. Coping can be measured with the F COPES scale and interviews

. Coping is a process – we think and do

 

Kilpatrick, Lavoie-Tremblay, Lamothe, Ritchie, and Doran (2013)

. The ways roles are enacted in health care can influence outcomes of care and a team’s view of effectiveness

. Look at the role of the acute care nurse practitioner in terms of TEAM

. In this study cases were selected through purposeful sampling and maximum variation

. Cases were compared across all cases to determine differences and similarities

. A model was created with three dimensions

. Key findings from the three dimensions were acute care NP enactment, boundary work, perceptions of team effectiveness, structural dimensions, and outcomes

. This new conceptual framework can help identify structures and processes to focus on when introducing new acute care NPS to teams

 

Kolcaba, Tilton, and Drouin (2006)

. Comfort theory – an unifying framework to enhance the practice environment

. Three types of comfort – relief, ease, transcendence

. 4 contexts of comfort – physical, psychospiritual, sociocultural, environmental

. Increase patient comfort could result in increased patient engagement resulting in decreased LOS and money, and increase patient satisfaction

46. Provide patients with comfort interventions

. If we increase nurse comfort, we have increase nurse satisfaction and commitment, and effective work

 

Reay and Rankin (2013)

. Triage decision-making – dynamic decision-making

. Naturalist decision-making is cognitive, psychological

. The authors were challenged to use most theories to explain triage decision-making so they looked to the recognized primed decision model since it addresses real life stressful situations involving intuition and analysis

 

Watson (2010)

. Florence demonstrated a connection between self, others, humanity, the environment, natures, and cosmos- this connection lead to learning, understanding, and a connection to health, caring, and healing

. Return nursing to the environment – light, air, water, mod, comfort, touch, smell, taste, etc.

. Florence’s work depicts the art and science of nursing including a caring ethic, biopsychosocial, a ways of knowing, a calling, consumer demands and expectation, morality, connectedness, person and environment, spiritual development, and interrelatedness-society, person, politics, etc.

 

 

Discussion:

. Analyze TWO frameworks or theories

. Why is each considered a framework or theory

. If a framework, identify which aspects of it might require further research to meet the requirements of a theory

. Pick one of the two and explain potential use of it as the theoretical foundation for your research pointing out STRENGTHS and WEAKNESSES

. Pose any question that has arisen from your examination of these two frameworks or theories

Posted by: Susan Fowler

Posted to: NURS-8250N-1,Adv. Perspectives in Nursing.2020 Fall Quarter 08/31-11/22-PT27

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