6301wk 6 assgn
Formulating a research question and identifying literature SOCW 6301 Dr. Leith
Formulating a research question Before you begin writing a research proposal, take some time to map out
your research strategy. A necessary first step is to formulate a research question.
• A Research Question is a statement that identifies the phenomenon to be studied. For example, “Does monetary policy affect the economy?”
• A valid and clear research question is: well justified; original; feasible; focused; falls within the area of economics
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Literature review and research question • In order to come up with an original research question you need to know (very well) the literature in the area first!
• Find out what has been done and how you can contribute to the existing academic debate.
Identifying a research question: Flowchart
Either start here… 1
2 / C
3 / D
…or start here… A
B
4 / E
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I don’t have a research question, where do I start? Narrow down a research area of interest
Narrow down an area of interest (i.e. Behavioral theory, social justice, social policy etc.) Within that area of interest try to answer a research question that: • Has either not been addressed before; • Or has been addressed but that you could extend in a
significant way (i.e. new data‐set, different theoretical approach etc.);
• Or pioneer a new research area of social work (not recommended)
Note: before you identify a research question it is crucial that you narrow down a research area of interest!
The Literature Review What is the “So‐What Test” … Purpose – Examine title & first few paragraphs…first, ask:
• First and foremost: Is it meaningful to the field of social work – does it really matter (the same applies to the research question!)
• What is the author trying to do? • Any biases or assumptions to be challenged? • What is the author’s affiliation – any vested interest in swaying you? An article on SOWK management style will be markedly different if it comes from an academic setting compared to public or a private, for‐profit settings
It would be different if presented by a professor of micro SOWK or a professor of macro SOWK
Authors should be upfront about the angles they take in their discussions.
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Science and Bias…NEVER…or…? Identifying good science: The signs of BIAS – Language – Appropriate data reported in conclusion
• Are all limitations mentioned, or or some glossed over?
– Data sources • Number of participants – fewer participants (except in qualitative research) = less statistical power!
To Keep Or Not To Keep… To decide whether to give this article more time and attention, you should be able to answer YES to each of the following three questions: – Does the date of the source match the level of currency you need for your paper? • A source from the late 1970s wouldn't be appropriate for an examination the latest microsurgery techniques
– Currency is more important in subject areas that are frequently researched (theories are updated and/or rejected)
– Physical and social sciences need more current sources than subjects like literature
– Is the author a credible source? • Authority and expertise has been established
– No ulterior motives are coloring the text – Is the source relevant to your research topic or question, i.e., useful? • If the source argues thoughtfully and logically, helps you look at something differently, and gives you possible answers for your question or evidence for your thesis, then it's a keeper!
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Literature review (when I don’t have a research question )
Read as much as you can on the topic! Remember recent publications/studies will contain a more updated literature so try collect these first! Then read backwards to the most dated studies. – Generally, literature should be < 5 yrs. old.
Make sure you read all relevant papers (or at least the most influential ones) Ideas on the research topic often come from this exercise (i.e. author X has not included factor Y in his study, so maybe I could look into factor Y) The more you read, the easier will be to come up with a research question.
Literature review (when I think I have a research question)
Reviewing the literature will enable you to understand whether your research question has been already answered / is a potentially valid one. Also, by reading previous studies you might get ideas on how to tweak your original research question into a brand new one. Again, start by reading recent publications/studies first. Bottom line, whether you have or do not have a research question it is crucial that you review the literature in the area FIRST!
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Literature review (when I think I have a research question) Many students commit the mistake of leaving the literature review as the last step, however this is very dangerous! As you might find that the question has already been addressed or discarded by the literature because not relevant/important/not feasible.
Where do I look for papers/relevant literature?
Main sources:
Google scholar
Walden U Library (e‐resources)
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E‐resources A good place to start your review is the Walden U Library!
Google scholar You can get to Google Scholar easily by using Goolge and typing, for example for a search on social work interventions for depression… “Social work interventions and depression scholarly articles.” Before you even click on the first returned item, scholarly articles, you’ll see that Google will return some results that may be useful.
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Here, you’ll find scholarly work…peer‐ reviewed articles, book chapters, etc.
It’s worth checking “regular” Google as well; you may find additional info here.
Everything with a listing like so will be directly accessible by clicking here.
You can see here that this search has returned lots of different articles…you may want to be a bit more specific in your search terms to narrow the return…like, SOCW intervention and depression and bullying…
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Everything with a listing like so will be directly accessible by clicking here.
…much more specific, right…and hence, more useful.
More clearly defined search.
Common mistakes when identifying new research questions 1. Non‐originality: Has been done before, or does not satisfy the SO‐WHAT Test. 2. Non‐feasibility: Cannot be done with typical social work research methodology…like, research around genetics or requiring blood‐draws or longitudinal panels a) Time constraint (don’t have enough time) b) Resources (lack of data, codes, funding) c) Knowledge (Do I know how to apply model X ? Can I
learn in the limited amount of time?) 3. Too broadly defined research question
Closed‐ended questions preclude further inquiry
4. Not well justified 5. Lacking social work content
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Tips Start searching for a topic as early as possible Once you narrow down a topic/area, look at the relevant literature (i.e. carry out a literature review) Once you have passed the literature review test (has it been already done? No, why not? Is it interesting/relevant?) Ask your self: Is the question specific (not too broad?) Is it feasible in the allotted time? Do I have enough resources (codes, data) to answer this question? How about knowledge (social work theory, intervention, human behavior and attitudes) ? Is the research question falling within the field of social work If the answer is Yes to all the previous questions congratulations, you have a research question!
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