PAPER

Topic: Diabetes

` Diabetes is a prevalent disease in the current generation. According to WHO (2016) diabetes is on the ride and it affects almost every nation. This illness occurs in two forms; either as diabetes mellitus in which the patient experiences a metabolic disorder with multiple etiology featured with sustained hyperglycemia in which fat, carbohydrate, and protein disturbances occur causing sustained hyperglycemia (Poelsie, Algoe, Bipat, & Mans). With this disease the patient encounters defects in the secretion of insulin hence a patient might experience thirst, blurred vision, ketaacidiosis, or polyuria that could result in coma, death, or stupor (Melnyk & Fineout-Overholt, 2005).

The illness happens as a metabolic one with a patient having high blood sugar levels for a long time and that results in increased thirst, frequent urination, and increased hunger (Shouip, 2014). If a patient with diabetes mellitus is not treated it could result in severe complications such as stroke, foot ulcers, heart disease, damage on the eye, among other impacts.

Diabetes mellitus is an oldest documented disorders that happened in 1552 BC in Egypt. The disease has been a challenge which was only handled by insulin and several medical breakthrough, yet there are still some challenges. According to WHO (2016) diabetes can have severe impact on the wellbeing of an individual unless it is controlled, its impact is harsh that it drains the family.

As for diabetes insipidus, there is often inability of the body conserving water and maintaining an optimum free water level. The kidneys pass a lot of dilute urine despite the copies water intake, hydration of the body, and constipation (Makaryus & Mcfariane, 2006).

There has been a lot of discussion on the role of preconception counseling and how it serves in enhancing metabolic control and outcomes in children of mothers with diabetes. It is recommended that preconception counseling is vital for people who fall in puberty, and more so to women who are at child bearing age (American Diabetes Association, 2006). Developmentally essential information need to be offered incrementally with systematic reminders in the entire woman's fertile reproductive life cycle of a woman. Even though certain women might have the initial preconception counseling, routine reminders, and follow-up are equally vital.

Type 2 diabetes prevails as a result of insulin resistance where cells cannot respond to insulin properly. When the disease advances there could be development of lack of insulin. The situation is as a result of excessive body weight and lack of adequate exercise (Shouip, 2014).

The significance of the topic to nursing practice.

Diabetes is an important topic in nursing practice because of being a long-term illness which not only hampers the health of an individual, but the general finance and economic growth of nations. In nursing, every year, hospitals need nurses to take care of patients, medicine to offer care for the patients, as well as suitable management process (American Diabetes Association, 2007). This makes it necessary that a lot of research be conducted in evidence-based practice and related ways that cane offer patients a suitable lifestyle. If a suitable and workable approach towards helping diverse patients with diabetes, the world will be a happy place.

PICOT questions.

Patients with diabetes (P) who take lifestyle and dietary changes seriously (I) as compared to those who just rely on medication (C) have effective reduction of the AIC levels (O) within a period of three months (T).

In Childbearing women with diabetes type 2(P), preconception counseling (I) compared to not receiving the preconception counseling (C) is effective in improving clinical outcomes (O) within a shortest time (T).

The pregnant women (P) freshly identified with diabetes (I) recognize a report of their blood sugar levels (O) to the healthcare practitioners in the course of their pregnancy and six weeks postpartum (T)

References

Melnyk B, & Fineout-Overholt E. (2005). Evidence-Based Practice in Nursing & Healthcare: A Guide to Best Practice. Philadelphia, Pa., Lippincott Williams & Wilkins.

American Diabetes Association. (2006).Evidence grading system for clinical practice recommendations (A-E): introduction. Diabetes Care 29 (Suppl. 1): S1–S2.

American Diabetes Association. (2007) Standards of medical care in diabetes [Position Statement]. Diabetes Care 29 (Suppl. 1):S1 –S41.

Makaryus, A.N. & Mcfariane, S.I. (2006). Diabetes insipidus: Diagnosis and treatment of a complex disease. Cleveland Clinic Journal of Medicine .73(1):65-71.DOI: 10.3949/ccjm.73.1.65 ·

Shouip. H.A. (2014) Diabetes mellitus.

Toelsie, J., Algoe, M., Bipat, R. & Mans, D.R. (2013). Diabetes mellitus: historical background, global aspects, and impact in Suriname. Acad J Sur. (4) 365 - 371

WHO. (2016). Global report on diabetes. 1-88.