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ResearchTopic.docx
Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
Student`s name
Institution
Assignment 1: Research Guidelines
(A) My Purpose (research question) ( /5 pts)
My research question is: Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?
I chose this topic because it represents one of the most important factors that influence a person’s beliefs and attitudes. Both variables have cognitive and behavioral aspects.
(B) All About GSS 2016 data ( /5 pts)
1. Who are the participants? They are a population of people who are 18 years and above living in a household in the United States. They are English and Spanish speakers and they have not moved out of the United States.
2. What population does the sample represent? It represents 50,000 households.
3. Who is funding the research? National science foundation
4. When was the data collected? It was collected in 2016
5. How was the data collected? It was obtained in face to face interviews and through computer-assisted personal interviewing (CAPI)
(C) Variables (You are expected to have only one dependent variable (DV) and one or two independent variables (IV). ( /10 pts)
IV Variable name in SPSS: Stress
IV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim): how often do you find work stressful?
IV Answer categories: “Always =1 “,” Often =2 “,Sometimes =-3”, “ Hardly ever = 4 “, and “Never = 5”.
IV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal
DV variable name in SPSS: jobs the
DV Question (as asked to the respondent verbatim) Is there a correlation between stress and job satisfaction?”
DV Answer categories: “Very satisfied = 1”, “Moderately satisfied = 2” , “ A little dissatisfied= “, and “very dissatisfied = 5“.
DV Level of Measurement (nominal, ordinal, interval/ratio): Ordinal
(D) Frequency Tables ( /10 pts)
Stress
|
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
ALWAYS |
96 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
|
|
OFTEN |
207 |
22.2 |
22.2 |
32.5 |
|
|
SOMETIMES |
467 |
50.1 |
50.1 |
82.6 |
|
|
HARDLY EVER |
130 |
13.9 |
13.9 |
96.6 |
|
|
NEVER |
32 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
932 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
According to the analysis from the frequency table above, it is clear that 50.1% of the respondents express the idea that they sometimes find work stressful. However, those who never find work stressful constitute the smallest percentage with only 3.4 %, while those who express the idea that they always find work stressful hold 10.3 %. This implies that there are many people who find work stressful than those who are always happy at work.
Job description
|
Job satisfaction |
|||||
|
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
Very satisfied |
118 |
40.1 |
40.1 |
40.1 |
|
|
Moderately satisfied |
134 |
45.6 |
45.6 |
85.7 |
|
|
A little dissatisfied |
32 |
10.9 |
10.9 |
96.6 |
|
|
Very dissatisfied |
10 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
294 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Out of 294 respondents, 134 (45%) are moderately satisfied with their job. Those who express high job satisfaction constitute 40.1% of the total respondents, while those who indicated high jog dissatisfaction constitute only 3.4%. This suggests that majority of the respondents are relatively satisfied with their work
(E) Graphs and Charts ( /6 pts)
Stress ( Independent variable)
The above bar chart illustrates that 50.1% of the respondents express the idea that they sometimes find work stressful. It is also clear from the chart that a small percentage of the respondents convey the idea that they never find work stressful.
Job description
The bar chart clearly illustrates that the majority of the respondents are moderately satisfied with their job. However, 3.4% of the respondents express high job dissatisfaction. Furthermore, the chart demonstrates that many respondents convey relative satisfaction than those who generally feel dissatisfied.
(F) Measures of Central Tendency and Dispersion ( /10 pts)
The appropriate measure for nominal is mode (McKelvey, & Zavoina,1975). The mode is the most frequent score in a dataset, and it is normally used to identify the most common category in a particular dataset. While The appropriate measures scale for ordinal is mode and median. For interval /ratio, the appropriate measures scale are mean, standard deviation, and variance.
Stress
|
How often Does R find work stressful
|
||
|
N |
Valid |
932 |
|
|
Missing |
0 |
|
Mean |
2.78 |
|
|
Median |
3.00 |
|
|
Mode |
3 |
|
|
Std. Deviation |
.929 |
|
|
Variance |
.863 |
Since the measuring scale for stress variable is ordinal, both variance and standard deviation are out of scope(Daniel, & Cross, 2018). The median value of 3 means that 50% or half of the respondents sometimes find their work stressful. Whereas the mode value of 3 implies that the most common category is “sometimes", in other words, it means that majority of the respondents express their idea that they sometimes feel stressful at work.
Job description
|
Job satisfaction
|
||
|
N |
Valid |
294 |
|
|
Missing |
0 |
|
Mean |
1.78 |
|
|
Median |
2.00 |
|
|
Mode |
2 |
|
|
Std. Deviation |
.773 |
|
|
Variance |
.598 |
The measuring scale for job satisfaction is ordinal; therefore both variance and standard deviation are out of scope. The median value of 2 means that more than 50% of the respondents indicate that they are satisfied. Whereas the mode value of 2 implies that many people are moderately satisfied.
(G) Recoding ( /10 pts)
Choose one of your variables to recode. If you have an interval/ratio variable, you may recode it into an ordinal variable. If you have two nominal/ordinal variables, recode the one with the most categories into fewer categories.
Stress variable
SPSS Syntax
GET
FILE='D:\JobStress1.SAV'.
DATASET NAME DataSet1 WINDOW=FRONT.
USE ALL.
FILTER BY STRESS.
EXECUTE.
RECODE STRESS (Lowest thru 2=1) (4 thru Highest=3) (2.1 thru 3.9=2) INTO Rstree.
VARIABLE LABELS Rstree 'rstress'.
EXECUTE.
FREQUENCIES VARIABLES=STRESS
/STATISTICS=MEAN MEDIAN MODE
/ORDER=ANALYSIS.
Frequency table for original variable
|
How often do you find work stressful |
|||||
|
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
ALWAYS |
96 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
10.3 |
|
|
OFTEN |
207 |
22.2 |
22.2 |
32.5 |
|
|
SOMETIMES |
467 |
50.1 |
50.1 |
82.6 |
|
|
HARDLY EVER |
130 |
13.9 |
13.9 |
96.6 |
|
|
NEVER |
32 |
3.4 |
3.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
932 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
Frequency table for the recoded variable
|
recorded stress |
|||||
|
|
Frequency |
Percent |
Valid Percent |
Cumulative Percent |
|
|
Valid |
Always |
303 |
32.5 |
32.5 |
32.5 |
|
|
Sometimes |
467 |
50.1 |
50.1 |
82.6 |
|
|
Never |
162 |
17.4 |
17.4 |
100.0 |
|
|
Total |
932 |
100.0 |
100.0 |
|
References
McKelvey, R. D., & Zavoina, W. 2015). A statistical model for the analysis of ordinal level dependent variables. Journal of mathematical sociology, 4(1), 103-120.
Daniel, W. W., & Cross, C. L. (2018). Biostatistics: a foundation for analysis in the health sciences. Wiley.
