Proposal Methods

Both paternal and maternal parent usually apply several disciplinary methods such as restriction and physical punishments to their children to enhance ethical behaviors. However, there are factors such as personal perspective, authoritarian levels, culture, permissiveness, emotional factors, ethnicity, and family conflict that influence and impact how either of the two parents fosters discipline in a given family (Ilie, 2017). Due to changes in different areas such as culture, economic status, and government regulation policies parenting roles and disciplinary actions have gradually changed. Additionally to the changes, Africa American parents have the extra role for preparing their children to survive and thrive in the environment that, for a long time, has been characterized by unfair and hostile conditions (O’Rourke, 2017).

This article is an annotated bibliography focus on five sources for a research proposal about different factors/ why maternal Africa American disciplinary practices are more intense as compared to paternal disciplinary practices. This is a unique area of study that will provide additional information on parenting discipline-oriented students that already exists.

The research questions include find out the factors that promote maternal parenting and foster for more disciplinary practices, what external changes or social changes that lead to intense maternal disciplinary practices and environmental change that influence parenting roles in the Africa American society.

The research hypothesis will include maternal disciplinary practice are more intense than paternal disciplinary practice in an Africa American community. The null hypothesis for this research will include parental disciplinary practices are more intense than maternal disciplinary practices rationale (Ganeshpurkar et al., 2018).

The total population of black Americans in the U.S in 2017 was 41.4million citizens representing 13.4% of the total U.S population ("U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts," 2019). Give this kind to a considerable community and their life under a sophisticated environment. This influences how they speed their daily life and a clear understanding of their parenting practices such as discipline children is a crucial factor for sociology and psychology (Perkins-Mangulabnan & Flynn, n.d). This research will provide counselors and psychologist with essential information that help to implement non-judgment suggestion during counseling and hence improve their efficiency in their practices.

References

Ganeshpurkar, A., Maheshwari, R., Tekade, M., & Tekade, R. K. (2018). Concepts of hypothesis testing and types of errors. Dosage Form Design Parameters, 257-280. doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-814421-3.00007-5

Ilie, C. (2017). Cross-disciplinary perspectives on context-specific argumentation practices. Argumentation across Communities of Practice, 1-17. doi:10.1075/aic.10.01ile

O’Rourke, M. (2017). Comparing methods for cross-disciplinary research. Oxford Handbooks Online. doi:10.1093/oxfordhb/9780198733522.013.23

Perkins-Mangulabnan, J., & Flynn, R. J. (n.d.). Foster parenting practices and foster youth outcomes. Promoting Resilience in Child Welfare, 231-247. doi:10.2307/j.ctt1ckpc6v.18

U.S. Census Bureau QuickFacts. (2019). Retrieved from https://www.census.gov/quickfacts/fact/table/US#