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ResearchPaperPresentation.pptxEffects of Covid-19 on Cybersecurity in the US
ES, MSCS
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Agenda
Introduction
Literature Review
Analysis of Literature
Discussion
Conclusion
References
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Introduction
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Since the novel coronavirus (Covid-19) in 2019, cybercrime has been seen to be growing rapidly at a pace never seen before.
This research will study in detail the relationship between cybercrime and COVID-19, as well as solutions to this growing problem.
The number of cyberattacks launched in the United States surged by 500% during COVID-19 (Williams et al., 2020).
Major institutions such as World Health Organization (WHO), California State University, and Gilead Sciences, all fell victim to cybercrime (ransomware, malware, and phishing) with heavy repercussions (Evans et al., 2020).
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Literature Review
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Three articles were studied in this review: Cyberattacks and Threats During COVID-19 Chigada et al. (2021), Healthcare Cybersecurity Challenges and Solutions Under the Climate Of COVID-19 Evans et al.(2020) and Cybersecurity Risks in a Pandemic Williams et al. (2020)
The First article by Chigada et. al. (2021) studied the entire US, information was gathered by conducting a systematic literature review gathering articles relating to “cyberattacks and threats”
They found that Cyber threats have risen exponentially since the 2019 pandemic and that organizations had placed cybersecurity on backburners despite being reliant on technology (Chigada et al., 2021)
The Second study by Evans et al., was conducted by a literature review gathering information from scholarly databases using keywords such as (covid OR healthcare considering the entire United States
They found that there has been a rise in cyberattacks mainly phishing, and ransomware, due to bad actors capitalizing on the chaos of the Covid-19 pandemic to exploit vulnerabilities in people, technology, and changes to workplace protocols
The third study by Williams et al., was carried out by a literature review gathering information from authoritative sources on the matter e.g. FBI
They found that the number of cyberattacks launched in the US surged by 500% during the COVID-19 epidemic and during that time people were most susceptible to being hacked
Literature Review Cont’d
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Key Areas of weaknesses
Endpoint device management
Human aspects in cybersecurity
A lack of security knowledge
Poor board-level risk assessment communication,
Poor business continuity planning
Lack of coordinated incident response
Recommendations were similar across all three articles which include:
Apply endpoint device management tools
Secure the remote work environment
Increase security awareness
Ensure business continuity
Regularly test systems for gaps and vulnerabilities
Develop policies and laws
Implement incident reporting
Analysis of Literature
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Literature Analysis
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Chigada et. al. (2021) and Evans et al. (2020) both use literature reviews to gather documents from scholarly databases using search terms like “covid OR healthcare AND cybersecurity”
Williams et al. (2020) did not use any scholarly databases instead, documents were gathered from authoritative sources like World Health Organization (WHO), and the Federal Bureau of Investigations (FBI)
All three studies concluded that cybercrime was impacted by covid-19 and due to the pandemic, cyberattacks and cyber threats rose exponentially
The most predominant methods of cyberattacks across all three studies were found to be ransomware, distributed denial of service (DDOS), phishing, and malware
Recommendations were common across the three studies which included: securing the remote work environment, increasing security awareness, and implementing incident reporting and cyber threat intelligence support.
Discussion
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The problem identified in the first article by Chigada et al. (2021) that I studied is that Cybersecurity threats are estimated to cost the world $6 trillion USD a year by 2021 and that the number of attacks has increased five-fold after COVID-19
During COVID-19 cyberattacks surged to over 500%. (Evans et al., 2020)
The identified population for the article by Chigada et al. (2021) is healthcare organizations, patients, adults, and employees; studying the entire United States not limited to any specific region or community.
It was also reported that cybercrime is the leading cause of healthcare security breaches and denial/disruption of services
Companies like Fortinet and KnowBe4 are providers of cybersecurity awareness and cybersecurity solutions such as intrusion prevention systems which are great for combating the known and unknown cybersecurity threats impacting the US and Health sector
Frameworks and policies like the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) and International Organization for Standardization (ISO) 27000 which are industry leaders in Cybersecurity are recommended to use to create policies, standards, and guidelines
These policies and guidelines are used by many organizations to protect themselves like Microsoft, Boeing, JP Morgan Chase, Intel Bank of England, and more. (Bresnahan et al. 2021)
Just Imagine investing $50 in the stock market and it rose 500% that would be $25,000
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Discussion Cont’d
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Recommendations from Article 1 (Chigada et al. 2021)
Increase cyber-hardening on all infrastructure
Recommendations from Article 2 (Evans et al. 2020)
Applying endpoint device management tools,
securing the remote work environment,
increasing security awareness,
ensuring business continuity,
implementing technical controls,
developing policies and laws,
implementing incident reporting and cyber
Recommendations from Article 3 (Williams et al. 2020)
Increasing security awareness
IT teams send phishing emails to its staff members and mandate training for anyone who clicked on the email
My recommendations
Utilize industry frameworks such as NIST and ISO to create standards, policies, and guidelines
Employ a cybersecurity consultant to conduct a cyber program activation and roadmap assessment
Conclusion
Cybercrime has a proportional relationship with pandemics as is the case with the COVID-19 pandemic
The study proved that the change in the work culture, the utilization of more third-party software like zoom, and the lack of human risk control influenced by the pandemic, were the weak points that contributed greatly to the 500% increase in cybercrime
Increasing hardening on all infrastructure, increasing awareness, and business continuity are great ways to combat cybercrime but implementing the National Institute of Standards and Technology (NIST) framework and policies are seen to be incredibly effective at identifying, protecting, recovering, responding, and detecting cybercrime (Bresnahan, 2021)
Tuesday, February 2, 20XX
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Thank You
Eric Smith, MSCS
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References
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Bresnahan, E. (2022). What Are the Benefits of the NIST Cybersecurity Framework. CyberSaint Security. https://www.cybersaint.io/blog/benefits-of-nist-cybersecurity-framework#:~:text=Ahttps://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/cybersecurity-framework#:~:text=Companies%20from%20around%20the%20world,and%20the%20Ontario%20Energy%20Board.s%20we%20discussed%20with%20George,of%20controls%20of%20any%20framework
Chigada, J., & Madzinga, R. (2021). Cyberattacks and threats during COVID-19: A systematic literature review, South African Journal of Information Management, 23(1), 1-11. https://doi. org/10.4102/sajim.v23i1.1277
Evans M., He Y., Aliyu A., & Luo C. (2021). Healthcare cybersecurity challenges and solutions under the climate of COVID-19. Journal of Internet Medical Research, 23(4), 1-18. https://doi:10.2196/21747
Fortinet. (2022, 01). What is a Data Breach? Retrieved from www.fortinet.com: https://www.fortinet.com/resources/cyberglossary/data-breach
Stu Sjouwerman. (2022, 01 18). Train Employees And Cut Cyber Risks Up To 70 Percent. https://blog.knowbe4.com/: https://blog.knowbe4.com/train-employees-and-cut-cyber-risks-up-to-70-percent
United States Chamber of Commerce. (2017, 05). Cybersecurity Framework. NIST. https://www.nist.gov/industry-impacts/cybersecurity-framework#:~:text=Companies%20from%20around%20the%20world,and%20the%20Ontario%20Energy%20Board.
Williams CM., Chaturvedi R., & Chakravarthy K. (2020). Cybersecurity risks in a pandemic. Journal of medical Internet research, 22(9), 1-4. https://doi:10.2196/23692
