Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft

Research Critique

Name: Pedro Mico

Grand Canyon University

Course: NRS-433V

Date: 03/21/2021

Article one: Faizah, R., Efendi, F., & Suprajitno, S. (2021). The effects of foot exercise with audiovisual and group support foot exercises to diabetes mellitus patients. Journal Of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00756-9

Summary of study

Diabetes increases various cardiovascular risks such as heart attack, coronary artery disease, and stroke. The research aimed to identify audiovisual and team support workouts’ effects towards ankle-brachial stress guide and foot sense. The purpose of the research was to investigate the influence of audiovisual and team backing workouts on the foot sensation and ankle-brachial stress index to diabetes mellitus patients. The research was to determine whether group support exercises and audiovisuals affect foot sensation and ankle-brachial foot exercises. The study is significant in nursing because it educates nurses on the possible outcomes of foot exercises that are significant to manage diabetes.

Article two: Appuhamy, J. R. N., Kebreab, E., Simon, M., Yada, R., Milligan, L. P., & France, J. (2014). Effects of diet and exercise interventions on diabetes risk factors in adults without diabetes: meta-analyses of controlled trials. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 6(1), 1-15.

Summary of study

High-density lipoproteins, fasting glucose, body quantity index, abstaining insulin, systolic plasma pressure, and triacylglycerides are type two diabetes risk factors. The study’s objective was to summarize the effects of exercise and diet intervention programs on factors such as body mass guide, fasting insulin, and systolic plasma pressure in diabetic adults. The study purposed to find out effects resulted from exercise and diet interventions. The research aims to find a solution concerning exercise and diet interventions on diabetes threat factors in adults without the disease. The study’s significance in nursing is that reliable estimates concerning the effects of life intervention on the risk factors permit accurate diabetes threat prediction.

How the articles support the nurse practice issue, I chose

Analysis of the effect of foot exercises on diabetes mellitus in article one will help determine whether physical exercises help diabetes management. Identifying the impact of exercises on diabetic patients is relative to the PICOT question objective. In the second article, reliable estimates concerning the effects of lifestyle intervention on the risk factors will allow nurses to predict diabetes risk accurately.

Health improvement interventions are significant from a public health perception. The first article encourages group support and audiovisual foot exercises for diabetic Mellitus patients that require finding exercise benefits. The second article advocates for lifestyle interventions to increase in moderate-intensity aerobic workouts and total fat and calorie intake restrictions among adults. Both articles’ interventions relate to the PICOT question’s interventions that advocate for post-meal or light walking, interrupting prolonged sitting, and practicing simple body-weight resistance actions.

Method of study

This study in the first article used a quasi-experimental strategy. The research used a purposive sampling technique among 156 individuals, whereby the study group had three groups. The study measured foot sensation, ABPI, and foot exercise practice. An independent and paired sample t-test helped to conduct statistical analysis. On the other hand, the second article used random-effect models to estimate intervention heterogeneity effects. Later, mixed-effect models helped for other heterogeneity effects’ explanation.

The quasi-experimental study used in the first article had its performance at the population-level instead of the individual-level. Hence, the study included individuals who may not have been part of the randomized control trials. However, using the quasi method limited the research’s ability to conclude the causal association between an outcome and an intervention. The random-effect method used in the second article provides an attractive tactic for summarizing heterogeneous outcomes. However, there are uncertainties in the meta-analytic application concerning the approach to use in the presence of significance between results’ heterogeneity and study variability.

Result of study

The first article showed that every group involved in participation had differences influencing foot sensation and ABPI. Moreover, group support and audiovisual foot exercises proved to influence foot sensation and ABPI. Hence, group support and audiovisual foot exercise positively affected the Stress Index assessment and foot sense in diabetic people. 

On the other hand, the second article found out that grownups receiving exercise and diet training for around one year faced a noteworthy reduction in high-density lipoproteins, fasting glucose, body mass guide, fasting insulin, and systolic plasma pressure. The variations in risk factors were relative to an intake reduction in mean total fat and calorie. Again, the changes resulted from moderate-intensity aerobic workouts of around 40 minutes weekly. However, lifestyle interventions had no effect on high-density lipoproteins. The study showed that most intervention effects’ variability in exercise duration and time, fat and calorie intake restrictions, and span of the intervention period resulted from heterogeneity. Moreover, heterogeneity determined the absence or presence of insulin, lipid abnormalities, and glucose.

The first article’s findings encourage group support and audio vascular exercises for diabetic Mellitus patients. In the second article, findings raise the significance of intense aerobic exercises and fat and calorie intake restrictions in controlling diabetes risk factors, especially to adults with glucose, lipid abnormalities, and insulin. Therefore, exercises are significant for diabetes management.

Outcomes comparison

A healthy diabetic diet helps control blood glucose levels. For instance, taking yogurt, watermelon, eggs, and broccoli keeps the cholesterol, blood pressure, and blood glucose levels checked. However, it is impossible to overstate exercise benefits for individuals with illnesses such as diabetes. Exercise helps lower blood pressure, control weight, strengthen muscles, improve general well-being, raise healthy HDL cholesterol, and lower harmful LDL cholesterol. Individuals with diabetes receive additional benefits, whereby exercises help to counter insulin resistance by boosting the body’s sensitivity to insulin.

Additionally, moderate exercises such as walking render the heart to breathe less hard and beatless fast. A patient’s muscles use more glucose in the bloodstream to lower blood sugar levels over time. Therefore, regular physical exercises help to regulate blood sugar compared to regulating diet within one year.

Both articles’ outcomes compare with the PICOT question’s anticipated outcome in that their findings support the significance of exercises in diabetes management. For instance, the first study found out that group support and audiovisual foot training positively affected diabetic Mellitus individuals. On the other hand, the second article found out that moderate-intensity aerobic exercises help to control diabetes risk factors.

References

Appuhamy, J. R. N., Kebreab, E., Simon, M., Yada, R., Milligan, L. P., & France, J. (2014). Effects of diet and exercise interventions on diabetes risk factors in adults without diabetes: meta-analyses of controlled trials. Diabetology & metabolic syndrome, 6(1), 1-15.

Faizah, R., Efendi, F., & Suprajitno, S. (2021). The effects of foot exercise with audiovisual and group support foot exercises to diabetes mellitus patients. Journal Of Diabetes & Metabolic Disorders. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40200-021-00756-9