15000 words for bussiness managements assignments

Week Three

Developing Research Informed Learning and Practice

Session Objectives

 Understand the need for citations and references

 Practice writing citations and reference lists in line with the APA technique

What is Citation/Referencing? Citation and referencing are terms used to show readers of your work where your

sources of information come from. Northumbria University adopts the American Psychological Association (APA)

method of referencing – you must adopt this approach in all of your work.

 To 'cite' is to quote a passage, a quote etc in the body of your text and gives the quotation authority.

 To 'reference' is to give the reader of your work directions to the book, passage etc. where the information is held.

 To cite and reference correctly you need to collect and assemble details of where your information came from and include this in your text.

Citation and Referencing

- to acknowledge the work of other writers - to demonstrate the body of knowledge on which you have based your work

- to demonstrate your own knowledge of the field

- to enable other researchers to trace your sources and lead them on to further information

Why?

Reference List

Benner, P. (1984). From novice to expert: Excellence and power in clinical nursing practice. Menlo Park, CA: Addison-Wesley.

Note: hanging indent for reference list items.

Capitalise only the first word, the first word after a colon or a dash, verbs, adverbs, adjectives and proper nouns in titles (American Psychological Association, 2010 p. 101, para. 4.15).

Where there is more than one place of publication given, show only the first listed place plus an abbreviation for the U.S state or foreign country name (Perrin, 2012, p. 62).

In-Text Citation

(Benner, 1984)

Benner (1984, p. 5) has stated

Benner (1984) argues that.”......”(p. 5)

Benner suggests that........(1984, p. 5)

Note: Space before page numbers.

Referencing a Book with One Author

Reference List

Lazarus, R. S., & Lazarus, B. N. (2006). Coping with aging. New York: Oxford University Press.

In-Text Citation

(Lazarus & Lazarus, 2006)

Lazarus and Lazarus (2006) have described “......”(p. 110) as unique.

Note: cite both names every time the reference occurs in the text.

Referencing a Book with Two Authors

Reference List

In the reference list, for three to seven authors, include all as presented in order on the title page, not alphabetically.

Wright, J. P., Tibbetts, S. G., & Daigle, L. E. (2008). Criminals in the making: Criminality across the life course. Thousand Oaks, ...... CA: Sage.

If a book has eight or more authors, the first six are listed, followed by ellipsis points (three spaced ...) and the name of the last author

In-Text Citation

(Wright, Tibbetts, & Daigle, 2008)

For six or more authors, cite only the first author, followed by et al. for all in-text citations.

(Fortesque et al, 2009)

Referencing a Book with Three to Eight Authors

Reference List

Yukl, G. (2013). Leadership in Organizations (8th ed.) New York: Pearson

The edition number appears in parentheses following the book title.

In-Text Citation

(Yukl, 2013)

Referencing a Book other than a First Edition

Reference List

Denzin, N.K., & Lincoln, Y.S. (Eds.), (2000). ............Qualitative Research (3rd. Ed.) . London: Sage.

In-Text Citation

(Denzin & Lincoln, 2000)

Referencing a Book from an Edited Collection

Reference List

Grehan, M. (2010). Visioning the future by knowing the past. .........In J. Daly, S. Speedy & D. Jackson (Eds.), Contexts of nursing: An .........introduction (3rd ed.). (pp. 15-37). Sydney, Australia: Churchill .........Livingstone.

In-Text Citation

(Grehan, 2010)

Referencing an Original Selection or a Chapter in an Edited Book

Reference List

........ With a DOI (note the DOI replaces the URL)

Leaver, B. L., Ehrman, M., & Shekhtman, B. (2005). Achieving success ....... in second Language acquisition. doi: 10.1017/CB09780511610431

Without a DOI

Cameron, E., & Green, M. (2004). Making sense of change ............Management : A complete guide to the models, tools & ............techniques of organizational change. London: Kogan Page. ............Retrieved from http//norunilib.txt?ctgf/e-change4629

In-Text Citation

(Cameron & Green, 2004)

Referencing an Electronic Book (with and without a DOI – Digital Object Identifier)

A Digital Object Identifier (DOI) is a unique name assigned by the International DOI Foundation that provides a persistent link to its location on the Internet. When DOI is available, no further retrieval

information is needed to locate the content.

Reference List

Paisey, C., & Paisey, N. (2010). ‘Comparative research. ........An opportunity for accounting researchers to learn ........from other professions’, Journal of Accounting and .......Organisational Change, 6(2), pp. 180-199

Winslow, D. (2008). ‘Team work’, Anthropology News, 49(9), ..........pp.29. doi: 10.1111/an.2008.49.9.29.1

Paisey, C., & Paisey, N. (2010) ‘Comparative research. ........An opportunity for accounting researchers to learn ........from other professions’, Journal of Accounting and ........Organisational Change, 6(2), pp. 180-199. . Retrieved from ....... http://www.emeraldinsight.com/journals.htm?articleid=1864170&show=article

In-Text Citation

(Paisey & Paisey, 2010)

(Winslow, 2008)

(Paisey & Paisey, 2010)

Referencing a Print Journal and Online Journal

(with/ without a DOI – Digital Object Identifier)

Referencing other Media Audio Podcasts CIPD. (2009, June 1). Managing Change Happen .......

[Audio Podcast]. Retrieved from .......http://www.cipd.co.uk/podcasts/_articles/Makin.. ...... gchangework_part2_episode_31.htm

(CIPD, 2009)

Blog Posts Bedford, T. (2008, June 12). Re: Got a problem using ......EndNote? Let us know here [Wed log comment]. ......Retrieved from ...... http://library.usq.edu.au/wordpress/?p=539

(Bedford, 2008, June 12)

Lecture Notes and Handouts

Brown, G. (2012). Learning Styles: Course ........notes/handbook. Newcastle Business School: ........University of Northumbria.

(Brown, 2012)

Newspapers Day, E. (2012, August 12). The only way is Ennis – why ......women now have a new set of great role models. ......The Observer, p. 27

(Day, 2012, August 12)

Wikis Self-Study: Broadening the concepts of participation ...and program support. (2007). Retrieved June from the ......Adult Literacy Education (ALE Wiki: .....http:wiki.literacytent.org/index.php/self-.....study:_Broade ning_the_concepts_of_Participation_. .....and_Program_Support

(ALE, 2007)

You Tube Westrom, M. (2009, June 12) Psychology – short and ...........long term memory [Video file]. Video posted to ...........http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=TausqSK9p9k

(Westrom, 2009, June 12)

Secondary Reference

Norrington, F.G. (1989). New aesthetics: Life in art. London: …..Faber & Faber

Gombrich (1983, as cited in Norrington, 1989)

Remember: Reference List and Bibliography

 Reference List = includes all the material referred to directly in your work

 Bibliography = includes all the material used in the preparation of your work, including the entire reference list

 Both in alphabetical order