ARA Research

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Research1Class3.pptx

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KLIK OM STIJL TE BEWERKEN Tekststijl van het model bewerken Tweede niveau Derde niveau Vierde niveau Vijfde niveau

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Assessing quality of sources Research 1 Class 3

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Learning Goals Quality Criteria (CARS) Cognitive Biases

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Research 1 assessment During the course you will be working on a research paper about a topic that you choose yourself. DEADLINE: Friday, LW 7. If you don’t hand it in, you miss your first chance. Resit : has to be handed in 2 weeks after receiving your grade. During our online classes you will have to work on assignments related to the research cycle. By the end of the class, you will have to deliver your assignments to your teacher (either by posting them on the TEAMS-channel or by sending an e-mail – your teacher decides how he/she wishes to receive your assignment) KNOCK-OUT criterion: In order to pass this module, you must have delivered at least 4 out of 5 assignments.

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Video Take Away…

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Quality of source Why Important? How do you know a source is good?

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CARS Framework Credibility Accuracy Reasonableness Support

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Credibility Who is the author? Who made the website? Meta-information (information about the source, such as a review) Image Source: https://permaculturenews.org/2009/02/13/credentials-and-credibility/

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Accuracy Timeliness Comprehensiveness Audience and Purpose Image Source: https://seethatgo.com/2017/02/accuracy-vs-consistency/

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Reasonableness How is it written? Calm, rational language? Emotional, irrational claims? Is the information balanced or biased? Image Source: http://www.nationalmagazine.ca/Articles/June-2015-web/The-evolution-of-reasonableness.aspx

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Support Where did the authors get their information? Are sources mentioned for the claims? Can you find other sources that make the same claims? Image Source: https://medhealth.leeds.ac.uk/info/1151/our_research_environment/2175/our_research_environment-support

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Week 3 assignment - Research Report cars framework In your group, work out the CARS criteria for your topic and make them more specific. How would you judge a source to be credible/accurate/reasonable/supported? For example, what credentials does a person need to have? How old can the article be?

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Week 3 assignment - Research Report cars framework Go through the bibliography you created last week. Assess all of the sources based on the CARS criteria and filter the good from the bad sources. Make sure you have at least 15 good sources remaining! The bibliography needs to contain both the good sources and bad ones

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Video Take Away…

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Cognitive Bias Limitation in our thinking that can affect our decision making. The concept of cognitive bias was first proposed by Amos Tversky and Daniel Kahneman in a 1974 article in Science . Since then, researchers have identified and studied numerous types of cognitive biases. Causes of Cognitive Bias: As humans, we generally believe ourselves to be rational and aware. However, our minds often respond to the world automatically and without our awareness. When the situation demands it, we are able to put mental effort into making decisions, but much of our thinking takes place outside of conscious control.

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What are cognitive biases

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Common Cognitive biases

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Some definitions Anchoring bias - Relying too much on the first piece of information you learn or hear Blind-spot bias - Recognizing bias in others, but failing to recognize it in yourself Confirmation bias - Listening to and trusting only information that confirms your beliefs Negativity bias - Focusing on negative events at the expense of positive or neutral events Outcome bias - Judging or evaluating a decision based solely on the outcome Source: https://ww2.kqed.org/lowdown/wp-content/uploads/sites/26/2017/05/Can-You-Beat-Cognitive-Bias-lesson-plan.pdf

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Week 3 assignment - Research Report Cognitive biases Look at three of your GOOD sources earlier analyzed. Try to find possible cognitive biases the author of the source might have.

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Homework Chapters 2, 3, 4 Additional literature

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8/25/2020 Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level ‹#›

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VOORBEELD VAN EEN ONDERTITEL NAAM OPLEIDING/FACULTEIT Titel van de presentatie_

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ONDERWERP / titel Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level

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ONDERWERP / titel Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level

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Click icon to add picture ONDERWERP / titel Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level

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Klik voor subkop Klik voor subkop ONDERWERP / titel Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level Click to edit Master text styles Second level Third level Fourth level Fifth level

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NAAM ‘QUOTE’

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Klik om de stijl te bewerken Klik om de modelstijlen te bewerken Tweede niveau Derde niveau Vierde niveau Vijfde niveau 25-8-2020 ‹#›

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Bring with you: The Cars Framework (one copy for each student) The cognitive bias 1

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Data collection -> being able to distinguish bad sources from good sources Data Analysis -> filtering sources and becoming aware of cognitive biases 4

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Class discussion https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=cSKGa_7XJkg&vl=en 5

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Meta-information is information about the author of the source . If the reviews of a book are bad this tells you that the source might not be credible 8

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Timeliness: is it still up-to-date? Comprehensiveness: Is it complete? Are elements or viewpoints missing? Audience and Purpose: Who was it written for ? A children book might be relevant, but that does not mean it’s suitable. Is the document meant to persuade or does it just want to represent information 9

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The information should present all viewpoints fairly and accurately. If you think the author might on purpose give you a misleading picture of their opponents then it is not reasonable Also think about whether wild claims are made, if the claims are consistent with each other, and what the world view of the author might be 10

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Any claims need to be supported for them to be believable. If a document does not provide sources it becomes hard to trust them. It’s also a big problem if the claims cannot be found in other places. 11

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Class discussion 14

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Make sure the students do n’t look at single sentences when reviewing the bias, but that they consider the source as a whole. I.e. who is the author? How many and which sources were used? Is only one viewpoint discussed or is it leaning too much towards one position? Etc. 19

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Han PPT template 5 1056 Microsoft Office PowerPoint Widescreen 114 20 12 0 3 false Fonts Used 4 Theme 1 Slide Titles 20 Arial Avenir Next Condensed Medium Calibri Century Gothic Presentatie_Smal PowerPoint Presentation Learning Goals Research 1 assessment PowerPoint Presentation Video Take Away… Quality of source CARS Framework Credibility Accuracy Reasonableness Support Week 3 assignment - Research Report cars framework Week 3 assignment - Research Report cars framework Video Take Away… Cognitive Bias What are cognitive biases Common Cognitive biases Some definitions Week 3 assignment - Research Report Cognitive biases Homework false false false 16.0000

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PowerPoint Presentation Tijmen Weber Tijmen Weber 1 2020-08-25T10:14:31Z 2020-08-25T10:43:23Z

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