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Running Head: INFORMATION GOVERNANCE 1

INFORMATION GOVERNANCE 16

Information Governance

Student Name

Institution Affiliation

Abstract

Information governance is a crucial sector in any department as far as data security and privacy are concerned. Through proper governance, it ensures accountability by regulating and identifying who is responsible for specific information, where the information is and where it is supposed to be, how the information is supposed to be used appropriately, and the individuals who can be given access to the information. An adequately designed information system should govern the acquisition, management, maintenance, and disposal of the data at hand. The sole purpose of having information governance in an organization is to ensure that all the relevant information obtained is used in the most appropriate way as it was supposed to and by the individuals who have been authorized, (Kwan, et al, 2020)

There is a large volume of data collected each day; this brings about good governance. Using information governance tools can accomplish its goals by taking all the necessary accountability measures necessary. This will guarantee information safety and patients' security and privacy. 

Introduction

The Healthcare sector deals with critical information that can be a life and death situations. That means all measures must be put in place to ensure data is protected. Many people view information security and privacy as a back born of any health care organization. In the health care sector, to provide protection, efficient and high-quality care, they must first have a clear understanding of the information and the tools they are supposed to use in safeguarding the information. Information governance is also interested in managing the new and expired information to ensure its effectiveness, thereby serving as a cost-effective tool. In most cases, organizations negligent in managing their resources tend to pay a high price in the long run. Producers, distributors, and the end-users of this information must understand that there are different types of information in the health care sector since they are created differently; this information must be governed in the best way possible.

The exponential growth of Data and Information: comparison between data growth versus the use of information governance

From the research above, the amount of data doubles after every 18 months. This issue can only be addressed through the adoption of information governance strategies, which can reduce data growth by 60% in a year.

Annotated bibliography

Mullon, P. A., & Ngoepe, M. (2019). An integrated framework to elevate information governance to a national level in South Africa. Records Management Journal.

The authors, Mullon and Ngeope, talk about information governance as an emerging trend that can present very severe challenges to the health sector if not acted upon it very first. The author has depicted the information governance that it has not been able to solve the problems that exist, for instance, record management, information management, and data protection.

Kwan, H., Riley, M., Prasad, N., & Robinson, K. (2020). An investigation of the status and maturity of hospitals’ health information governance in Victoria, Australia. Health Information Management Journal, 1833358320938309. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Kwan%2C+H.%2C+Riley%2C+M.%2C+Prasad%2C+N.%2C+%26+Robinson%2C+K.+%282020%29.+An+investigation+of+the+status+and+maturity+of+hospitals%E2%80%99+health+information+governance+in+Victoria%2C+Australia.+Health+Information+Management+Journal%2C+1833358320938309.&btnG

Kwan, et al, (2020) I his article identified the barriers affecting IG in the health sector and examines data breachment response in the employees.

Ramesh, G., Dhushyanth, R., Secci, F., Sadia, C., & Frere, J. J. (2018). Health and nutrition in urban Bangladesh: social determinants and health sector governance. Health and https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=rRamesh%2C+G.%2C+Dhushyanth%2C+R.%2C+Secci%2C+F.%2C+Sadia%2C+C.%2C+%26+Frere%2C+J.+J.+%282018%29.+Health+and+nutrition+in+urban+Bangladesh%3A+social+determinants+and+health+sector+governance.+Health+and+nutrition+in+urban+Bangladesh%3A+social+determinants+and+health+sector+governance.&btnG

The authors in this article talks of the effects of urbanization in Bangladesh exerting pressure in the healthcare sector hence the need for information governance.

Smallwood, R. F. (2019). Information governance: Concepts, strategies and best practices. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Smallwood%2C+R.+F.+%282019%29.+Information+governance%3A+Concepts%2C+strategies+and+best+practices.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.&btnG

In this article the author talks of the importance of adopting information governance in large healthcare sector. The author explains the need of computerizing record keeping system in healthcare.

Tu, J. (2019). Gift Practice in the Chinese Health Sector: Inequality, Power and Governance. In Health Care Transformation in Contemporary China (pp. 111-139). Springer, Singapore. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Tu%2C+J.+%282019%29.+Gift+Practice+in+the+Chinese+Health+Sector%3A+Inequality%2C+Power+and+Governance.+In+Health+Care+Transformation+in+Contemporary+China+%28pp.+111-139%29.+Springer%2C+Singapore.&btnG

In this article the author explains the scenario in Chinese healthcare system where doctors require more monetary gifts to deliver services. The author emphasizes on the need for IG in Chinese healthcare sector

Velasquez, A., Suarez, D., & Nepo-Linares, E. (2016). Health sector reform in Peru: Law, governance, universal coverage, and responses to health risks. Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica, 33(3), 546.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Velasquez%2C+A.%2C+Suarez%2C+D.%2C+%26+Nepo-Linares%2C+E.+%282016%29.+Health+sector+reform+in+Peru%3A+Law%2C+governance%2C+universal+coverage%2C+and+responses+to+health+risks.+Revista+peruana+de+medicina+experimental+y+salud+publica%2C+33%283%29%2C+546.&btnG=

In this article the authors talks of the healthcare system in peru, they consider healthcare as a right which must be protected by the state by eliminating all barriers and enhancing patients privacy and security.

Shu, I. N., & Jahankhani, H. (2017, November). The Impact of the new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the Information Governance Toolkit in Health and Social care with special reference to Primary care in England. In 2017 Cybersecurity and Cyberforensics Conference (CCC) (pp. 31-37). IEEE.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Cloud+computing+strategy+In+Information+Governance+in+healthcare&btnG=

The authors in this article stress the need to upgrade healthcare database so as to safeguard patients’ privacy by adopting cloud computing techniques

Gbadeyan, A., Butakov, S., & Aghili, S. (2017). IT governance and risk mitigation approach for private cloud adoption: case study of provincial healthcare provider. Annals of Telecommunications, 72(5-6), 347-357. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Cloud+computing+strategy+In+Information+Governance+in+healthcare&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016

The author of the article describes cloud computing as having a very significant role in the health sector. The privacy and security of the data is the key in a hospital and therefore the need to address it before adopting the technology.

Paglialonga, A., Patel, A. A., Pinto, E., Mugambi, D., & Keshavjee, K. (2019). The healthcare system perspective in mHealth. In m_Health Current and Future Applications (pp. 127-142). Springer, Cham.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Cloud+computing+strategy+In+Information+Governance+in+healthcare&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016

The article talks about how mobile devices have transformed the health sector. There are so many opportunities in the health care that have presented themselves since the adoption of a good information governance.

In, J., Bradley, R., Bichescu, B. C., & Autry, C. W. (2019). Supply chain information governance: Toward a conceptual framework. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=information+governance+and+email+in+health+sector&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016

The paper proposes frameworks in the health care sector that can promote information governance and enhance patient’s data privacy and security.

Literature review

The paper reviewed several literature pieces in 3 areas; data governance, ethics, and the stakeholders' relations. The research dealt with information protection and governance and the stakeholders' impact on the use and misuse of the organization's information. Organization governance is critical to the strategy used to direct the daily affairs of an organization. Governance dictates the allocation of powers and the establishment of strategies in an organization. The study outlines how governance assists the institution by focusing on the Organization objectives, thus enhancing the available resources' effective use. The study also evaluates the evolution of information governance as the main that affect information governance. Besides, the research highlights some ethical issues associated with the information governance program.

Metrics in Information Governance

The metrics of business indicate the measurable value and indicate a company; it provides whether a company has achieved its goals. The KPI dashboard usually tracks them. To achieve the set business goals, an organization needs to develop its governance structure to allow the flow of metrics from the decision-maker's level. Employees need to know how the governance process is relevant to the work and the organization's objectives. Information security governance has become an essential factor in the entire corporate governance activities, (Mullon & Ngoepe, 2019).

To enhance the efficient governance of an organization. It is essential to secure information, align business metrics, to implement, monitor, and report to the management. This makes sure that the risk is effectively managed, and the healthcare goals are achieved to develop metrics. It is essential to make sure what to be measured is elaborated and understood. Organization measures and metrics should be made to determine if certain functions are achieving business goals. The most critical metrics that ensure information governance is effective are operational and technological metrics.

Operational metrics determine the efficiency and ability to enhance security control made to protect information infrastructure. They are typically associated with the effectiveness of their control on set and their role in business activities. They establish a behavior pattern for data-related functions.

Essential data in an organization and the role of executives.

                Business executives make business plans, directs, and coordinates operational activities for the corporation. They usually are responsible for enacting policies and strategies that will meet healthCare’s goals and objectives. The primary function of modern business data is to empower business managers to make decisions based on facts. Business officials must be able to get the correct information so as they can be able to generate the best decisions concerning strategy and growth.

               The executives gather data from online sources. This makes them able to determine the most qualified people's details to be able to employ them. The market department relies on the market segmentation data to find the buyers and increase the sales speed. They must also examine the market trends, such as differences in pricing of resources, shipping, or processing. Great business leaders use data effectively to make a decision. Business data have a more significant impact on the business owner's profit margin, and therefore it is essential to develop a strategy that keeps the corporation profitable, (Velasquez, et al, 2016).

     The program needs to state the roles and responsibilities of every stakeholder in the organization. The stakeholders include both the information and governance committee. The committee comprises members from different departments. This part also includes the primary roles of the committee and the criteria which they should apply

Regulatory, security, and privacy compliance expectations of the company

Compliance is the means of ensuring that a corporation is fulfilling to the least of the related securities requirements. It comprises a set of transparent technical systems and equipment. That protects and defends the information assets. Privacy compliance is the company's accord to establish individual information protest guidelines, specifications, or legislation. It is essential not to make the compliance needs to determine the organization's security requirement. There are three types of security obligations which are: business, regulatory, and customer obligation. Privacy compliance .has become a prevalent business concern due to the high profile regulation, which includes the European Union and the general data protection regulation, (Ramesh, et al, 2018).

             The information governance program also boosts the legal activities in the organization. By availing all the necessary information, therefore, the legal proceeding is not interfered with. Compliance within the organization will also be enhanced because all employees will have clear guidance and work. Additionally, data will be easily be retrieved in times of need.

Email and social media strategy In Information Governance

        Email enables the healthcare to market itself to its targeted customers. The industry customers can choose to receive information about the products they sell or the new product in the market. Email is a fast, affordable, and easily accessible; they provide efficient and effective means to convey all electronic data types. They also allow people to create long-lasting relationships. Email enhances instantaneous communication by quickly distributing information and providing faster responses to patients’ inquiries. Besides, it fastens problem-solving techniques. As a result, healthcare owners can achieve a more extraordinary result in a short period through email; employees and the industry management can communicate effectively and within a short time. Also, clients can send questions concerning the industry's products, (Mullon & Ngoepe, 2019).

 The main benefit of social media in an industry is to enhance fast and more accessible communication. Clients can contact services fast and more efficiently. It also improves networking, boosts organic visibility, branding to impress patients, and to track business competition. Social media allow a business to interact with customers and share information about the industry's product. Social media helps one to engage with patients and get feedback about the services. It assists in advertising, promotional giveaways, and mobile application. It also promotes market research and reduces marketing costs

Cloud computing strategy In Information Governance

       Cloud computing strategy is an essential paradigm shift in information technology. It was developed from the extension of distributing an application host provider. It provides economies of scale by distributing the expenses across many customers' organizations and combining computing resources. Cloud computing is massively accessible and can be readily modulated. This strategy provides a more significant potential on-demand computing power, consistent security, and off-site backups in the healthcare sector. Cloud distributions can allow users to enjoy a high level of independence from their IT department; these departments are encouraged to have readily available resources whenever required, (Tu, 2019).

Conclusion

Data security has become a growing concern for healthcare organizations. Regardless of its size, no health care organization is immune to data loss. There are steps the hospital can take to minimize the risk of breaches to PHI in the future. With government incentives and penalties in place, the hospital is incented to implement interventions to provide effective, efficient, and top-quality care while, at the same time, protecting their patients' PHI.

                                    

References

Gbadeyan, A., Butakov, S., & Aghili, S. (2017). IT governance and risk mitigation approach for private cloud adoption: case study of provincial healthcare provider. Annals of Telecommunications, 72(5-6), 347-357. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Cloud+computing+strategy+In+Information+Governance+in+healthcare&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016

In, J., Bradley, R., Bichescu, B. C., & Autry, C. W. (2019). Supply chain information governance: Toward a conceptual framework. The International Journal of Logistics Management. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=information+governance+and+email+in+health+sector&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016

Kwan, H., Riley, M., Prasad, N., & Robinson, K. (2020). An investigation of the status and maturity of hospitals’ health information governance in Victoria, Australia. Health Information Management Journal, 1833358320938309. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&q=Kwan%2C+H.%2C+Riley%2C+M.%2C+Prasad%2C+N.%2C+%26+Robinson%2C+K.+%282020%29.+An+investigation+of+the+status+and+maturity+of+hospitals%E2%80%99+health+information+governance+in+Victoria%2C+Australia.+Health+Information+Management+Journal%2C+1833358320938309.&btnG=

Mullon, P. A., & Ngoepe, M. (2019). An integrated framework to elevate information governance to a national level in South Africa. Records Management Journal.

Ramesh, G., Dhushyanth, R., Secci, F., Sadia, C., & Frere, J. J. (2018). Health and nutrition in urban Bangladesh: social determinants and health sector governance. Health and nutrition in urban Bangladesh: social determinants and health sector governance.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=rRamesh%2C+G.%2C+Dhushyanth%2C+R.%2C+Secci%2C+F.%2C+Sadia%2C+C.%2C+%26+Frere%2C+J.+J.+%282018%29.+Health+and+nutrition+in+urban+Bangladesh%3A+social+determinants+and+health+sector+governance.+Health+and+nutrition+in+urban+Bangladesh%3A+social+determinants+and+health+sector+governance.&btnG =

Paglialonga, A., Patel, A. A., Pinto, E., Mugambi, D., & Keshavjee, K. (2019). The healthcare system perspective in mHealth. In m_Health Current and Future Applications (pp. 127-142). Springer, Cham.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?start=10&q=Cloud+computing+strategy+In+Information+Governance+in+healthcare&hl=en&as_sdt=0,5&as_ylo=2016

Smallwood, R. F. (2019). Information governance: Concepts, strategies and best practices. John Wiley & Sons. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Smallwood%2C+R.+F.+%282019%29.+Information+governance%3A+Concepts%2C+strategies+and+best+practices.+John+Wiley+%26+Sons.&btnG=

Shu, I. N., & Jahankhani, H. (2017, November). The Impact of the new European General Data Protection Regulation (GDPR) on the Information Governance Toolkit in Health and Social care with special reference to Primary care in England. In 2017 Cybersecurity and Cyberforensics Conference (CCC) (pp. 31-37). IEEE.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Cloud+computing+strategy+In+Information+Governance+in+healthcare&btnG=

Tu, J. (2019). Gift Practice in the Chinese Health Sector: Inequality, Power and Governance. In Health Care Transformation in Contemporary China (pp. 111-139). Springer, Singapore. Retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Tu%2C+J.+%282019%29.+Gift+Practice+in+the+Chinese+Health+Sector%3A+Inequality%2C+Power+and+Governance.+In+Health+Care+Transformation+in+Contemporary+China+%28pp.+111-139%29.+Springer%2C+Singapore.&btnG=

Velasquez, A., Suarez, D., & Nepo-Linares, E. (2016). Health sector reform in Peru: Law, governance, universal coverage, and responses to health risks. Revista peruana de medicina experimental y salud publica, 33(3), 546.retrieved from https://scholar.google.com/scholar?hl=en&as_sdt=0%2C5&as_ylo=2016&q=Velasquez%2C+A.%2C+Suarez%2C+D.%2C+%26+Nepo-Linares%2C+E.+%282016%29.+Health+sector+reform+in+Peru%3A+Law%2C+governance%2C+universal+coverage%2C+and+responses+to+health+risks.+Revista+peruana+de+medicina+experimental+y+salud+publica%2C+33%283%29%2C+546.&btnG=