Res Assignment 2

PROBLEM STATEMENT

Autism is a mental disorder associated with extreme withdrawal unusual characteristic in terms of fantasy together with hallucination, delusion and inability to talk or to otherwise relate with people. It is further considered a group of developmental issues characterized by Schizophrenic children are often autistic. Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs) are a group of developmental disabilities defined by significant destruction in social upbringing and communication with other people, especially their peers accompanied queer behaviors (Glynn, 2015). Most of the people with ASD’s are very different when it comes to academic related issues, attention giving or reactions to various feelings. They have various levels of intelligence ranging from the gifted type to the severely challenged (Estes, 2013). It crops up from as early as 3 years and can last throughout one’s entire life. Regardless of race, ethnic and socio-economic group and boys are more susceptible in comparison to girls

The difficulties encountered in raising a child with this condition widely affect the caretakers who face issues of limitations in communal activities and eminent upbringing problems. Caregivers of victims with this condition have more parenting tension than those raising normal children, children with Down syndrome (Hayes, 2015). Eminent upbringing problems can interfere with quality of service provided by the caregivers which results into depression or poor health that hinders proper growth and development and the quality of early intervention. Therefore, it is very important to find out parenting related problems and its correlates that are agreeable targets for efforts applied in intervention and prevention

TOPIC SENTENCE

Autistic mannerism, alongside moving and behavioral manners is broadly discussed especially considering encounters with parenting tension. Kids born with autism repeatedly offer a range of abnormal characteristics in their use of objects, relating with persons and spoken and unspoken communication. This bizarre mannerism referred to as autism make children living with it viewed differently from their peers who lack disabilities. They’re mostly connected to problems in children growth and tutoring (Mcstay, 2014). In addition to autistic mannerisms, autistic children face emotional and behavioral challenges. Children with this condition also face poignant and behavioral challenges like hyperactivity, proper peer to peer interaction that are common amongst them.

RESEARCH PROBLEM

Autistic children undergo repeated hardships during socialization with their peers. For example, they may find it hard to begin or carry on a conversation, they may not understand social rules such as how far to stand from somebody else, or they may find it difficult to make friends (Weitlauf, 2014). This in turns lowers their social esteem and in turn ends up depressed. They are restricted to specific repetitive behaviors patterns. The solution to this challenge involves counseling their peers and informs them that they are children like any other. They should therefore treat them without discrimination. Proper training programmes should be offered to their guardians, their teachers and parents to know how to treat them properly to make them feel accepted.

BACKGROUND AND JUSTIFICATION

Autism refers to is used to describe a section of schizophrenic patients who are particularly withdrawn and self-absorbed. The well known American child psychiatrist Leo Kanner, M.D., provided a detailed description of a case of eleven children who were very intelligent but showed signs of introvertness which is accompanied on obsessive repetitiveness (Huang, 2014). This condition is referred as "Early infantile Autism". Later on a German scientist named Hans Asperger gave a detailed description of a milder form referred to as Asperger's Syndrome. He mentioned all the highly intelligent boys who had problems with social interactions.

Autism needs to be justified for both parties to benefit, namely the parents and children. Families with children with challenging behavior lack access to opportunities due to inadequate finances. Hospitalization is difficult for everyone for the family as a whole giving a temporary solution that is temporary. As a result of lack of well established services, the likelihood of the children with ASD to be admitted is dominant. A study of parents with children with ASD within the age gap of five to twenty years discovered that around a tenth was genetic and lasted for a lifetime. Data on Medicaid discovered that seven percent of the children end up being hospitalized in a period of a year.

DEFICIENCIES IN THE EVIDENCE

Effects of autistic behaviors including their individual, poignant and behavioral issues concurrently on upbringing pressure of children caregivers with mild to modest autistic mannerisms that professed advanced stress that the mother experiences hindering the parent child relationship. Stress encountered by parents is classified into three major categories of poignant and characteristic challenges namely disturbing symptoms, demeanor problems and distraction. Putting into consideration, autistic mannerisms, characteristic problems and touching problems altogether, gentle to fair autistic behavioral challenges and social implications result in nervous tension in the parent-child affiliation. This findings provide a clarification that important associations are not found among autistic mannerisms and parenting anxiety, for linear associations were well thought-out between autistic manners and parenting issues in their research. Explanations for these non-linear interactions include that offspring with placid to judicious autistic behavior problems have higher chances to improve in their condition. Caregivers in the end are expected to devote extra moment in time and attempt, stipulate their children, and require their kids to meet their targets which results in nervousness between them and the kids putting the relationship at risk (Zaidman-Zait, 2016). Children without autism have no major characteristics and therefore have a similar behavioral pattern that is same with those of growing kids. Caregivers in turn not giving them the attention that they desire making them feel unwanted. Due to the condition of autistic children, parents have low expectations on the kids’ future resulting to lack of recognition of stress whilst taking care of them.

Moreover, it’s worth noticing that caregivers of children encounter reduced stress levels in the parent-child affiliation. This includes the deeds displayed by the children whilst socializing that in turn reflects the level to which they can assist, support and empathize promoting positive interactions with their caregivers (Huang, 2014). It was found out that behavioral problems displayed teenager related upbringing stress as a result of poignant challenges. Comparing poignant sign, behavioral problems disagree with one’s expectations and social way. Caregivers may go through great anxiety and problems if their children have manners challenges. The outcome of this study puts into light the significance of thoroughly analyzing behavioral challenges in children with autism and intervening. Clinicians are expected to work hand in hand in order to find a lasting solution to the behavioral and emotional problems to reduce parenting stress (Lize, 2014). In as much as peer issues are pertinent to the main signs of autism mainly deprived social relations, these tribulations indirectly impact caregivers as they perform their roles of minding the children. Peer problems are as a result of interacting in the social places like schools and places of worship, this in turn affect their caregivers because they are well informed on impacts of peer problems.

Despite many series of parent interventions and practical handbooks being readily available for the parents who have an ASD syndrome, there are rare cases where parents employ these types of empirical studies. In the past, these on parenting issues to do with coping of parents, cognitions ad perceptions about related studies to ASD (Brezis, 2015). Current studies on parenting in ASD were studied by concentrating more on general and specific parenting manners in a direct relation to the child’s age bracket and associated character. Initially, it was aimed at examining similarities and differences in the examination of different parenting patterns by mothers who have children with this ASD condition and how this affects the child’s interaction with other life related proceedings. Differences in general parenting behaviors were equally presented as a factor in the group of mothers with a varied parenting system.

AUDIENCE

There are three main beneficiaries of this dissertation; children with the ASD disorder, parents to these victims and the general group of the caregivers. Children will get access to better services to help conquer the condition in a more satisfactory manner (May, 2015). Parents to these victims also get comfort and peace of mind bearing the fact that their own children are in better conditions and might end getting over it. Care givers will have an easy time when dealing with children who have this kind of disorder since training exposes them to better adaptation skills when dealing with the victims.

PURPOSE

The purpose is to investigate challenges encountered by both parents and children with autism. The challenges include expenses incurred in hospitalization, payment of the caregivers plus the cost of drugs. It also investigates how the society views autism in public and social places, this includes how they are treated and use of public resources. It also analyzes how the government authorities put an effort in providing support to the autistic children. The government should provide support to help reduce expenses incurred considering not everyone from well to do families. Officials are needed to be trained in order to handle such cases in the case of an emergency. This in turn helps them capitalize on their strength and preferences.

References

Glynn, K. A. (2015). Predictors of parenting practices in parents of children with autism spectrum disorder.

Hayes, S. A., & Watson, S. L. (2013). The impact of parenting stress: A meta-analysis of studies comparing the experience of parenting stress in parents of children with and without autism spectrum disorder. Journal of autism and developmental disorders, 43(3), 629-642.

McStay, R. L., Dissanayake, C., Scheeren, A., Koot, H. M., & Begeer, S. (2014). Parenting stress and autism: The role of age, autism severity, quality of life and problem behaviour of children and adolescents with autism. Autism, 18(5), 502-510.

Weitlauf, A. S., Vehorn, A. C., Taylor, J. L., & Warren, Z. E. (2014). Relationship satisfaction, parenting stress, and depression in mothers of children with autism. Autism, 18(2), 194-198.

Estes, A., Olson, E., Sullivan, K., Greenson, J., Winter, J., Dawson, G., & Munson, J. (2013). Parenting-related stress and psychological distress in mothers of toddlers with autism spectrum disorders. Brain and Development, 35(2), 133-138.

Huang, C. Y., Yen, H. C., Tseng, M. H., Tung, L. C., Chen, Y. D., & Chen, K. L. (2014). Impacts of autistic behaviors, emotional and behavioral problems on parenting stress in caregivers of children with autism. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 44(6), 1383-1390.

Zaidman-Zait, A., Mirenda, P., Duku, E., Vaillancourt, T., Smith, I. M., Szatmari, P., ... & Zwaigenbaum, L. (2016). Impact of personal and social resources on parenting stress in mothers of children with autism spectrum disorder. Autism, 1362361316633033.

Lize, S. E., Andrews, A. B., Whitaker, P., Shapiro, C., & Nelson, N. (2014). Exploring adaptation and fidelity in parenting program implementation: Implications for practice with families. Journal of Family Strengths, 14(1), 8.

May, C., Fletcher, R., Dempsey, I., & Newman, L. (2015). Modeling relations among coparenting quality, autism-specific parenting self-efficacy, and parenting stress in mothers and fathers of children with ASD. Parenting, 15(2), 119-133.

Brezis, R. S., Weisner, T. S., Daley, T. C., Singhal, N., Barua, M., & Chollera, S. P. (2015). Parenting a child with autism in India: Narratives before and after a parent–child intervention program. Culture, Medicine, and Psychiatry, 39(2), 277-298.