design
jhh19970724
requirement.docxAssignment requirement:
Topic of the final paper
Define and describe design based on the readings we have discusses throughout the seminar - you can do this by describing design based on the nature of design problems and challenges, design outcomes, the design process, the people who design, and the setting where designing takes place—this can be the design studio, the larger participatory design setting, how design fits into organizations and industry, or how design is taught.
Create arguments that outline your position, discuss counter-arguments, and contextualize your arguments in the current discourse of HCI and design. Reference concepts from the readings and additional resources you pick.
Develop an argument in the form of a 2,500-word paper and compare/contrast your argument with arguments you find relevant, pertaining to the issue you are discussing, from the texts we have discussed in class, plus any additional supporting materials where you see connections (readings you have come across, recent discussions in the design community, case studies, depending on the themes you lay out in your paper).
The structure for the paper should be as follows:
· A title for your paper that best captures the nature of your argument
· An abstract that provides an outline of your topic (150-350 words)
1. An introduction outlining why your topic is relevant to the discourse in HCI and design
2. A background section that surveys origins, historical development, and current discourse in your topic area
3. Sections that present your argument and compares/contrasts it with selected topics from our readings and discussions
4. A summary or conclusion section that recaps your findings and insights
5. A Bibliography of all sources cited in APA format.
Read before writing:
My argument will mainly discussed readings in Week 2 and Week 8. Please feel free to refer back.
My argument: I will challenge the statement of “design is a problem - solving process”.
Some articles with similar topics:
https://uxdesign.cc/the-problem-of-identifying-design-with-problem-solving-e5fb88d7d640
https://medium.com/@salituri/design-is-not-problem-solving-bace64318d56
https://filsalustri.wordpress.com/2010/07/04/designing-is-not-problem-solving/
Outlines I have:
Introduction
While talking to Design, lots of people will agree with the statement “Designing is problem-solving”, which refers to a process that seeks solutions to solve a specific problem. Setting design as “problem-solving” also informed the strategy of design thinking, a design methodology that provides a solution-based approach to solving problems. Understanding the human needs involved, re-framing the problem in human-centric ways, brainstorming ideas and iteration in prototyping and testing, Design Thinking standardized designers’ work processes, and help us systematically extract, teach, learn, and apply these human-centered techniques to solve problems in a creative and innovative way. I understand the metaphor of “ design is problem-solving” emphasized science and rationality in the design process. However, I still feel this definition is lacking precision and I will reflect on it from different perspectives.
Background
Where design is problem-solving comes from? ( Reveal the historical development of problem-solving)
· Designer and scholar Richard Buchanan framed this ongoing challenge for design in 1992 through the notion of “ wicked problems,” though scholars trace the term farther back, to 1935, with John Dewey and the melding of aesthetics and engineering principles for a new age. Buchanan built on theorist Horst Rittel’s challenge to designers in the early 1970s to move from solving simple problems to “wicked problems”—problems that are complex, open-ended, and ambiguous. These are problems that do not lend themselves to easy judgments of “right” or “wrong.”
· in the early 1900s, mechanical engineer Frederick Winslow Taylor sought to increase workers’ output by iteratively shaping their tools around their bodies, then measuring the increase in productivity. “Taylorism” is arguably the root of human factors design (a.k.a. ergonomics), and is one of the very first cases of designer as problem solver.
(please reword and add the citation to these. I directly copied from other resources. It refers to the readings in week 2)
What does it mean to now? - Design think
· I’m plan to talk about how problem-solving developed into the concept of design thinking. And how design thinking to help framed the HCI working process in the paragraph. In HCI, it usually involves five steps: 1. Empathize 2.Defining Problem 3. Ideate 4.Prototype 5. Testing
My Argument (PIVOT moment)
Even though “ design is problem-solving” emphasized science and rationality in the design process. However, I still feel this definition is lacking precision and I will reflect on it from different perspectives:
1. Design covers an extremely diverse range of disciplines. The rationality in the problem-solving process might root in some disciplines, like architecture, urban planning but it’s not that important in other disciplines, like graphic design.
(these are just sub-argument, add more specific evidence to support it)
2. Design is a collaborative activity with multiple stakeholders. Calling ourselves problem solvers not only grab for glory, but even if we acknowledge that others are involved, using that term at all narrows the scope of what we’re capable of achieving.
· For this paragraph, please discuss Participatory Design in HCI as an example to explain why design is a collaborative activity with multiple stakeholders
3. Problems by their nature are born out of existing systems, so by layering a bespoke solution onto problems we may inadvertently reinforce those systems, whether we believe in their effectiveness or not.
· For this paragraph, please discuss the speculative design and critical design. Compared with affirmative design(problem-solving), how they use problem- seeking strategy inspired people to think out of box and intrigued conversations.
Good resources here)
4. Overemphasizing the problem-solving might lead to dismissing of aesthetics and impulsive creativity.
5.6.7 - Please feel free to keep adding evidence why you think the statement of “design is a problem-solving process” is not accurate.
Adding abstract, conclusion and reference to the paper
