Assignment

Requiredinformation1.docx

Required information

Evaluate each of the following statements as being TRUE or FALSE. Explain the rationale for each answer. A response without a rationale will receive no credit.

Sustainable farming is cheaper because there are fewer inputs, but it’s more labor-intensive.

The Green Revolution focused on a few crops because they are eaten by large numbers of people.

The price of oil is an important consideration for the typical American farmer.

Soil erosion caused by water draining from fields can harm local waterways.

If farmers could produce more food locally, hunger could be eliminated.

Undernourished parents often raise children who are undernourished because the parents

Multiple Choice

· cannot afford to feed their children properly.

· do not know any better.

· do not have access to information about nutrition.

· transfer genetic deficiencies to their children.

· All of these are reasons for the vicious cycle.

Famines are most often serious when there is

Multiple Choice

· a very serious drought.

· an attempt by indigenous people to return to old traditions and lands.

· drought and war together.

· no room to expand agriculture.

· steady population growth.

How is food security related to environmental factors?

Multiple Choice

· In areas where subsistence farming is the major source of nutrition, severe drought, flood, or insect outbreaks can destroy food crops.

· In high poverty areas, families have less buying power for nutritious food.

· When programs to support purchasing nutritious food are eliminated, families struggle to secure enough nutritious food.

· When unemployment is high, food security decreases.

· Within families, there can be unequal food security with women and children receiving the poorest diet.

The approximate energy yield of carbohydrates is 4 calories/gram; fats yield about 9 calories/gram, and proteins about 4 calories/gram. Jack and Sarah consumed the following for lunch:

Jack—100 grams protein, 20 grams fat, 75 grams carbohydrates;

Sarah— 75 grams protein, 10 grams fats, 75 grams carbohydrates.

How many Calories each did Jack and Sarah consume?

Multiple Choice

· Jack: 880 Calories, Sarah: 680 Calories

· Jack: 880 Calories, Sarah: 690 Calories

· Jack: 890 Calories, Sarah: 670 Calories

· Jack: 900 Calories, Sarah: 650 Calories

· Jack: 900 Calories, Sarah: 680 Calories

Vitamin A deficiencies are associated with

Multiple Choice

· a lack of energy, or listlessness.

· anemia.

· blindness.

· poorly developed neural systems in embryos.

· weak bones.

Obesity is a disease that predominantly affects

Multiple Choice

· poor, developing nations.

· individuals in every nation equally.

· nations that utilize beef and rice as major food sources.

· nations with poor medical systems.

· wealthy, developed nations.

The three crops that humans rely on for the majority of nutrients and calories are

Multiple Choice

· barley, oats, and rye.

· maize, oats, and rice.

· oats, beans, and barley.

· potatoes, wheat, and oats.

· wheat, rice, and maize.

Which of these is TRUE about biofuels?

Multiple Choice

· Crops must be converted to ethanol before they can be used as fuel in vehicles.

· Biofuel production is better for the environment than extracting oil.

· Biofuel production keeps demand and prices for crops high.

· Wheat is the predominant crop used for making ethanol.

Fifty years ago, there were several hundred varieties of wheat grown in the Middle East. Now a few of the more modern high responder varieties have replaced the indigenous species. What are the implications of this change?

Multiple Choice

· Genetic resources are diminished and an epidemic of wheat disease is highly likely due to the reliance on few species.

· High responder varieties require less water.

· The biodiversity of wheat species has increased because of the introduction of few hybrid species.

· The high responder varieties will need specialized harvesting methods because they are so productive.

· The productivity of wheat should continue to rise and increase the availability of food per person.

Which of these statements is NOT true about seafood?

Multiple Choice

· Fish kept in pens and ponds produce very little waste.

· Overfishing has reduced many fish populations.

· Seafood is the main form of animal protein consumed by some cultures.

· Some fishing practices harm the seafloor as large nets are dragged along.

How is the increase in corn and soy production related to livestock production for meat?

Multiple Choice

· Corn and soy products are often eaten by people in the same meals as meat products.

· Livestock are rotated into the fields where corn and soy are produced to fertilize the fields.

· Much of the grain produced is fed to animals raised for meat.

· The same farms that grow the corn and soy also raise livestock.

· There is no relationship between the two variables.

The layer of soil that is most important for growing crops is the

Multiple Choice

· A horizon.

· E horizon.

· O horizon.

· humus.

· primary layer.

Soil organisms usually stay __________ the soil.

Multiple Choice

· close to the surface of

· near the middle of

· deep below the surface of

· spread uniformly throughout

Living organisms provide all the following to the soil EXCEPT

Multiple Choice

· add nutrients.

· create air spaces.

· decay dead leaves and roots.

· prevent erosion.

· Living organisms do all of these.

Wind erosion is most likely to cause problems in

Multiple Choice

· agricultural regions in the far north.

· fertile river bottoms with annual floods.

· forested grazing lands on high mountains.

· open, arid regions.

· protected, arid region.

Studies of topsoil erosion on Iowa farmland shows that as much as 50 metric tons are lost per hectare during winter and spring rains. This loss is due to the loss of millimeters of soil from across the entire surface of the fields. Which type of erosion would this be?

Multiple Choice

· field erosion

· gully erosion

· sheet or rill erosion

· streambank erosion

· wind erosion

Which of these is a traditional agricultural method?

Multiple Choice

· aquaculture farms

· crop rotation

· irrigating with drip systems

· plowing with machines

· using chemical fertilizers

Which of the following are the result of improper irrigation?

Multiple Choice

· compaction and nutrient depletion

· pesticide buildup and acidification

· increases in organic matter and waterlogging

· salinization and waterlogging

· water and wind erosion

The most important nutrients typically found in ferilizer are

Multiple Choice

· carbon, potassium, and calcium.

· calcium, nitrogen, and oxygen.

· nitrogen, phosphorus, and potassium.

· nitrogen, phosphorus, and carbon.

· phosphorous, oxygen, and carbon.

The USDA estimates ______ percent of conventionally grown foods are contaminated with pesticide residue.

Multiple Choice

· 11

· 23

· 34

· 58

· 73

In developed countries, the most recent increases in agricultural productivity have come from

Multiple Choice

· an increase on the land being used for agriculture.

· building up soil reserves on farms.

· clearing rainforests.

· irrigation in arid areas.

· new crop varieties and intensified farming.

High responder crops of the Green Revolution produce tremendous yields

Multiple Choice

· even in severe drought conditions.

· in all conditions where standard crops fail.

· in response to fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation.

· in response to fertilizers, pesticides, and irrigation and only "good" yields in less than ideal situations.

· with primitive farming techniques and no chemical use.

What is the advantage of genetically modified crops (GMOs)?

Multiple Choice

· they can be altered to produce vaccines

· they can be designed to resist drought

· they can be engineered to improve yield

· they offer improved resistance to pests and diseases

· All of these are benefits to GMOs.

The biggest worry about a genetically modified Atlantic salmon with extra growth hormones is that it will introduce these hormones into our diet.

Group starts

True or False

Sustainable farming

Multiple Choice

· is an invention of modern agricultural research.

· is cheaper and safer than conventional farming.

· is safe, although it causes weed problems.

· is safer than conventional farming, but much more expensive.

· uses fewer chemicals but more water than conventional methods.

Contour plowing and strip farming are methods designed to

Multiple Choice

· improve harvesting efficiency.

· improve plowing efficiency.

· make farms more attractive.

· prevent water and soil loss.

· prevent weed spreading.

Which of these is NOT a benefit found with reduced tillage farming?

Multiple Choice

· decreased insects and weeds

· increased crop yields

· soil aeration and loosening

· soil preservation

· water conservation

You can participate in sustainable agriculture by

rev: 09_21_2020_QC_CS-229462

Multiple Choice

· buying local produce.

· eating lower on the food chain.

· participating in CSAs.

· eating locally, eating lower on the food chain, and participating in CSAs.

Alfalfa and clover are two legumes commonly planted as cover crops after the cash crop is harvested. Besides providing roots that will help keep soil in place, what would make these plants good cover crops?

Multiple Choice

· Alfalfa is another cash crop that can be harvested and sold for food.

· Being legumes, they have a symbiosis with nitrogen-fixing bacteria to add nitrogen to the soil.

· Their flowers attract bees, which will help the cash crops grow in the future.

· They are easily mowed, which adds less work to the farmers in the spring.

· They use up any leftover fertilizer.

Which of the following are the traits most commonly targeted for enhancement in genetically modified organisms (GMOs) (select all that apply)?

Check All That Apply

· fruit yield

· pest resistance

· plant height

· herbicide resistance