BI101 Unit 1 Discussion Post 1

Required Reference Format

for

Discussion Postings, Homework Questions, & any

Other Submitted Written Work

Types of References

· Parenthetical or in-text references to quoted material or paraphrased material. These usually include the author's last name and the date of publication (scientific style) and follow either quoted material or information you have paraphrased from that source. Example:

Bowers (2007) required us to use parenthetical references in our Homework and Experiment write-ups, but not in our Discussion postings.

· Bibliographic or your list of references (works cited). This list should include all of the sources you have cited in the body of your posting or paper. The elements of your full reference vary slightly among documentation styles. Example:

Sanders, C. 2009. Reference Formats. BI210.

In BI101, you are required to include BOTH types of references in your homework and discussion assignments. This is also the case if you were writing a research paper. I require complete references using your discipline’s preferred style.

Reference Formats (Documentation Styles)

There are several different reference formats, such as MLA, APA and CSE. They are all very similar, contain many of the same elements, but differ primarily in the order the elements are presented. In this course you may use your discipline’s preferred style. IF you were writing a research paper, I would require complete references using CSE style. The elements of your references should commonly include the author(s), year, title of the article or book, and the website address when appropriate. If you cite your textbook (this is required if you use it), be sure to include page numbers! Below are some examples:

Parenthetical	Bibliographic
Doe 1989	Doe, J. 1989. Historical Perspectives on Wars in the US. p 210.
Goodall 2003	Goodall, J. 2003. Infant chimpanzee behaviors. Animal Behavior 23: 35-315.
Johnson and Losos 2008	Johnson, G and J. Losos. 2008. Essentials of the Living World (2th ed). pp 213-214.

Many references that you find online will be missing certain reference format elements, such as author or year. Try to find references that have both, if possible, but if not, then you will just need to indicate either “Anonymous” for those with no author and “No date” for those with no date. All of your .edu sites will have an author, you just have to go back to the main page to find them. Here are some specific examples (You should pay special attention to the last one):

Parenthetical	Bibliographic
MBG 2006	Missouri Botanical Garden [MBG]. 2005. What's it Like Where You Live. http://www.mbgnet.net/ Accessed 10/05/2009.
Scholbe 2001	Scholbe, G. 2001 June-July. Essential Fatty Acids. HolisticBird. http://www.holisticbirds.com/HBN01/june/pages/efa2.htm Accessed 10/05/2009.
UIC 2006	Uranium Information Centre Ltd [UIC]. February 2006. Radioisotopes in medicine. http://www.uic.com.au/nip26.htm Accessed 10/15/2009.
Kaltenbach 1999	Kaltenbach, Chris. Will TV sci-fi shows keep on trekking? genre needs fresh blood. The Arizona Republic, D8, July 26, 1999 (Accessed August 11, 1999). Lexis-Nexis Academic Universe, http://web.lexis-nexis.com/universe. Accessed 10/05/2009.