Human Resources case study
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ReportWriting2.pptxREPORT WRITING
TIPS for Writing Up
Create time for your writing
Write when your mind is fresh
Use WORD
Write multiple drafts
Have the work proof read
Carefully plan your report
Write 15 mins every day (best way to ‘eat an elephant’)
Keep back ups of your drafts
Check and re-check grammar and spelling
Keep the report neat, formal and professional
TWO TYPES OF REPORT
There are essentially two different types of report:
Research Report
Professional Report
Research Report Structure
Abstract
Table of Contents
Introduction
Literature Review
Research Methods
Results / Data Analysis / Findings
Conclusions (and Recommendations)
References
Appendices
The Abstract
A few paragraphs that describe the content of the report. The Abstract should contain:
USED IN ACADEMIC REPORTS
The research questions and why they are important.
The research methods chosen.
The findings of the study.
The conclusions of the study.
Table of Contents
Numbered listing of what is in report
Section Numbers
Page Numbers
报告中内容的编号清单
段落编号
页码
The Introduction Chapter
Chapter 1.0
Overview of the ‘problem’
Why the topic is worth studying
Research questions and research aim/ objectives
Can include a ‘route map’ briefly describing the content of each of the chapters of the report
Any hypotheses are highlighted here1.0章
“问题”概述
为什么这个话题值得研究
研究问题和研究目的/目标
可否附上一份简要描述报告各章节内容的“路线图”
这里强调了所有的假设
Literature Review Chapter
Chapter 2.0
Otherwise known as the ‘critical review’
A major component of the report and usually takes up the largest word count of all the chapters
Theory and correct referencing vitally important
Explains what has already been researched in this field of study
Critical approach necessary
Three Cs – Compare, Contrast, Critique也被称为"批判性评论"
是报告的主要组成部分，通常在所有章节中占据最多的字数
理论和正确的参照至关重要
解释在这一研究领域已经研究的内容
关键的必要方法
三个c——比较，对比，批评
Research Methods Chapter
Chapter 3.0
Detailed explanation of what research strategies have been chosen along with clear explanations as to why these methods were chosen.
The reader will determine the validity and reliability of the findings based on the preferred research strategy based on the concept ‘Garbage In = Garbage Out’.
Statements on ethics is advisable.
Statements on the limitations of the research is advisable.
详细解释什么研究策略已经被选择，并清楚解释为什么这些方法被选择。
读者将根据“无用输入=无用输出”这一概念的首选研究策略来确定研究结果的有效性和可靠性。
在道德上发表声明是可取的。
陈述研究的局限性是可取的。
Findings Chapter
Chapter 4.0
Sometimes called ‘Data Analysis’ chapter
Data analysis process presented
Includes tables and graphs to illustrate the findings
Present FACTS only – beware of adding opinions
What have you found out?
Present findings in a clear, logical and easily understood manner
Can provide results of statistical software programs (e.g. SPSS)
Some direct quotations of participants can be anonymously presented here in qualitative studies
有时也称为“数据分析”章节
数据分析过程
包括表格和图表来说明研究结果
只陈述事实——小心补充意见
你发现了什么?
以清晰、合乎逻辑和易于理解的方式陈述调查结果
可提供统计软件程序(如SPSS)的结果
在定性研究中，参与者的一些直接引用可以匿名呈现
Conclusions Chapter
5.0
Summary of what was found out
Can be structured to correspond with your findings
Separate paragraphs for each different point of conclusion.
Recommendations
Chapter 6.0
Can be included in Conclusions chapter: i.e.
‘Conclusions and Recommendations’
What organisation could do as result of research
Should correspond to findings and conclusions
Conclusions and Recommendations
Conclusion of the entire project.
What does the findings suggest? Note that this is a judgement based on the findings and not a mere opinion.
Recommendations included if necessary.
Further research opportunities can be suggested.
Has the initial research question been answered? Discuss this relationship.
Appendices
Supplementary material
Graphs, charts, pictures
Leaflets
Sample questionnaire etc.
No baggage – relevant material only
Numbered and referenced in report
Presentation
Professional
Neat
All same font/spacing etc
2 copies
Hardcopy for client if necessary
Style
Precise
Concise
Relevant
Valid
Third person
Terms of Reference
Chapter 1.0
What is being done? – Overview of project details, can include aims and objectives here
Who is it being done for? – Client details and information on client need for the project
Who is doing it? – Brief details on the group
When it the project being completed by? – Timeframe for project
Executive Summary
USED IN PROFESSIONAL REPORTS
What report is about
Brief summary of Conclusions
Couple of paragraphs only
Reader should be able to get understanding of contents and conclusions
References/ Appendices
Use the Harvard system of referencing.
Apply American Psychological Association (APA) guidelines.
List sources in alphabetical order.
Keep consistency in entries.
The references list is NOT a bibliography.
Appendices should contain peripheral data etc.
