Abnormal Psychology Research
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Destani Lewis
Abnormal Psychology Research Paper Rough Draft
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Abnormal Psychology
Destani Lewis
PSY-470
March 23, 2022
Professor Van Wynsberg
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Mood Disorder
Mood disorder is mental health problem which predominantly affects a person’s emotional
state. Mood disorder is an abnormal psychology disorder whose symptoms is characterized by
extreme sadness, long periods of extreme happiness or both. Mood change is normal for anyone,
however, in the case of a mood disorder, the symptoms have to be present longer. These disorders
can result to serious changes in a person’s behavior which can affect their ability to execute their
routine activities such as school and work (Conklin., 2018). Though there are many disorders, the
major mood disorders are depression, bipolar and manic. The depressive disorder comprises of a
depressed mood, while an elevated mood is characterized by hypomania or mania. The bipolar
mood disorder consists of both the depressed and manic moods. The disorders also vary in severity
and intensity, an example is the cyclothymic disorder which is a less severe form of bipolar disorder
as compared to the dysthymic disorder (Rakofsky and Rapaport., 2018).
Depression
Depression is the most common mental disorder and the main cause of disability. The world
health organization estimates the number of individuals with this disorder to be 264 million people
in the world with more women affected than men. Sadness occurs during a traumatic event in life
or crisis. It is characterized by prolonged loss of interest, sadness, and guilt feelings, lack of sleep,
low self-esteem, tiredness, appetite and poor concentration. Depressed individuals may also have
physical complaints with no cause. However when depression continues after the event is over or
recurrent, the physicians classify the depression as major or clinical depression. This symptoms
must have lasted for more than two weeks and substantially impairing an individual’s daily
function (Conklin., 2018).
There are different types of depression but most are characterized by weight effects, change
in behavior, cognitive effects and lack of sleep. Severe depression may result to feelings of
excessive irate, social isolation, restlessness and suicidal thoughts. There are several prevention
measures that have resulted to reduced depression such as protection psychological support
following physical abuse and psychosocial assistance after conflicts and disasters. There are also
treatments, an example is the talking therapy such as psychotherapy of the cognitive behavior
therapy which are used for mild to moderate depression (Kring and Johnson., 2018). For moderate
to severe depression, the individual is administered with the antidepressants though they are not
the first line of treatment. Depression management includes psychosocial aspects such as getting
to identify the stress factors and realizing the sources of support. Maintaining a social network and
social activities is also essential to reduce depression.
Mania
Mania is a health disorder in which an individual experiences a period of unusual high
mood or energy. This is a high energy and feeling of euphoria is a change from a person’s usual
self. This form of disorder is characterized by increased talking, less sleep than normal,
impulsivity, making reckless decisions and poor judgement. There are also incidents of abnormal
manic mood or behavior, which includes extreme levels of happiness or irate than other people
(Conklin., 2018).
Bipolar
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phase of bipolar treatment and relapse prevention. These medicines are used to stabilize the mood
together with psychosocial support. Mental health practitioners often use Diagnostic and Statistical
Manuals while diagnosing on bipolar individuals.
Cause of Mood Disorders and Treatment
The exact cause of mood disorders in yet to be determined, however, imbalances of brain
chemicals resulted by life events can result to depression. Everyone experiences mood imbalances,
however when they are intense and disrupts a person’s daily routine, it may be a sign of underlying
condition which may require attention. Internal changes in our bodies my influence our moods, it’s
not only what is happening inside but also our environment or what is happening around us which
may lead to depression. Therapists believe that mood imbalances occur as a result of biological,
psychological, environmental and genetic conditions. These leads to improper functioning of the
neurotransmitters which are believed to be the major causes of depression. Structuring of the brain
and functioning may also result to mood imbalances. Brain scans have indicated that individuals
with healthy mood regulation have brains differing from the mood disorder individual’s brain.
Some individuals with bipolar disorder also inherit from their family (Conklin., 2018).
Treatment of the mood disorders is usually dependent on the symptoms. The therapy
involves combination of several medications and talk therapy or psychotherapy. The therapy is
conducted by psychiatrists, psychologists or other health professions who perform physical
examinations to ascertain the physiological causes of the symptoms. After conducting the tests and
survey, they will administer medication based the assessment. Medications may include the
antidepressants with treat the various episodes, mood stabilizers and brain simulation therapies.
Societal Implications of Mood Disorder
Mood disorders have social implications which include inability to work reducing
productivity at work, functional impairment and increased use of health services which increase
the number of individuals who visit the hospitals thus overwhelming the medical professionals.
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Business or organizations owners require employees who are able to execute their jobs effectively.
This is because employee performance is essential in the overall success of the company goals and
profits (Da Costa et al., 2016). To achieve this employees are required to be objective and
consistent which may be difficult for individuals with mood disorders. As a result poor
performance at work may result to loss of jobs. Loss of jobs can result to increased uptake of
substance abuse in the society. This does not only affect the individual but also leads to increased
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A bipolar disorder consists of both the depression and manic disorder. The world health
organization estimates the number of individuals suffering from this disorder to be 45 million
people in the world. It is experienced when someone has low moods, resembling the clinical
depression, the depressive episodes then alternate with the manic episodes where a person feels
irate or has increased level of activity (Conklin., 2018). This disorder is characterized by inflated
self-esteem and reduced need for sleep. There are treatments for the disorder which include acute
pressure on the societies charities to deal with the situation. For individuals with children,
depression can also affect the children resulting to poor school performance. Mood disorders also
may affect the closest family members who tend to experience shame and guilt about the affected
individual. Family members always take a caretaker role on each family member affected hence
are usually affected first. As a result they also experience feelings of anxiety and fear about the
loved ones (Conklin., 2018).
Mood Disorder in Relation to Models of Abnormality
The behavioral model states that an individual’s behavior is as a result of their environment.
This approach believes that our actions are fully dependent on our experiences in life. This in
relation to the mood disorder, the depressors are largely dependent on actions and events happening
around a person. Thus, according to this approach abnormal behavior is a learned response which
is conditioned to an individual. The cognitive model is an element of the behaviorist approach
which refers to brain-related processes. This approach assumes that the mental actions or events
are a result of the individual behavior since people interpret the environment before their reaction
to it. According to this model, abnormal behavior occur due to our own cognitive interpretations.
In relation to mood disorders, emotional problems may be the source of stressors which relate to
distorted cognitive processes. These could be irate beliefs, negative thoughts or over
generalization. Psychodynamic model states that the root cause of mental illness is psychological
or emotional (Hemsley., 2019). Mood disorders such as manic and depression is related to
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unconscious mind and further, failed defense mechanisms. Thus, this disorder relates to the
approach which suggests that most mental illnesses especially in adults are due to suppressed
desires unresolved conflicts.
References
Conklin, E. S. (2018). Principles of abnormal psychology. Routledge.
Da Costa Lane Valiengo, L., Stella, F., & Forlenza, O. V. (2016). Mood disorders in the elderly:
prevalence, functional impact, and management challenges. Neuropsychiatric disease and
treatment.
Hemsley, D. R. (2019). Perceptual and cognitive abnormalities as the bases for schizophrenic
symptoms. In The neuropsychology of schizophrenia (pp. 97-116). Psychology Press.
Kring, A. M., & Johnson, S. L. (2018). Abnormal psychology: The science and treatment of
psychological disorders. John Wiley & Sons.
Rakofsky, J., & Rapaport, M. (2018). Mood disorders. CONTINUUM: Lifelong Learning in
Neurology, 24(3), 804-827.
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