Research Critiques and PICOT Statement Final Draft
Yellow4christ
ReportPDF26.pdf
Submission Ide: b0f2f9bd-813a-443e-b00c-ef8a7dadae55
2% SIMILARITY SCORE 1 CITATION ITEM 19 GRAMMAR ISSUES 0 FEEDBACK COMMENT Internet Source 2% Institution 0%
Pascal Uzobuife
_ResearchCritiqueandPICOTStatement.docx
Summary
1913 Words
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 2
Research Critique and PICOT Statement
Identified Nursing Practice Problems
As illustrated by the Powel et al. (2005) and Camps-Font et al. (2015), the practice
1
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT
Student Name:
Institutional Name:
Unit Name and Code:
Tutor’s Name:
Due Date:
problems are that dental surgical infections complicate dental wounds, leading to a prolonged
hospital stay. These studies wanted to investigate the impact of nursing intervention, such as
prophylactic antibiotics, on preventing dental surgical infections. Teslya et al. (2020) and Chiu et
al. (2020) investigated the impact of prevention measures instilled by governments in preventing
nasal conditions such as COVID-19 and the role of nurses in preventing the spread of infections.
Two PICOT questions from the four studies
Will the nursing intervention of the administration of prophylactic antibiotics reduce the
complications associated with surgical infections?
Will the spread of Covid-19 in Tarrant County, Texas, reduce after the Implementation of
Early preventive measures of social Distancing, mask-wearing, and Nursing education,
compared to Neighboring counties with more cases where there was no implementation of such
actions to reduce the spread of the virus over the next few months?
Background
Powell et al. (2005) conducted a study to investigate the nursing interventions that would
benefit patients who had undergone a dental procedure. The primary purpose was to identify the
disease burden of surgical site infections and its impact on financial resources. Camps-Font et al.
(2015) conducted a qualitative study on the prevalence and nursing interventions needed to treat
and reduce post-surgical infections in dental implant patients.
Chiu et al. (2020) analyzed the impact of methods that prevent the spread of infections
through nasal drops to prevent respiratory infections. Teslya et al. (2020) conducted a study
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 3
investigating the effects of self-imposed preventive mentions conjoined with government
regulation in preventing COVID-19.
How these Four Articles Support the Nurse Practice Issue
How articles Answer PICOT question
Powell et al. (2005) and Camps-Font et al. (2015) answer the PICOT question through
the specific aims of the two studies. The two studies aimed to investigate the role of nursing
interventions such as routine prescription of prophylactic antibiotics in preventing surgical site
infections.
Chiu et al. (2020) answer the PICOT question posed if Tarrant County, Texas, will
impact the implementation of the control measures in other counties. Chiu et al. (2020) support
the PICOT question because the conclusion from this study was a general decrease in
transmissibility of respiratory infections. Tesyla et al. (2020) keep the PICOT question from the
conclusion of the study. The study concluded that implementing strategies such as wearing
masks and social Distancing helped prevent COVID-19.
How Interventions and Comparison Group Compare to Those in the PICOT Question
Teslya et al. (2020) used a compartmentalized transmission model as an intervention to
curb the spread of COVID-19. The compartmentalized model classified both individual and
governmental measures as interventions that reduce the spread of COVID-19. Chiu et al. (2020)
used the Taiwan National Infectious Disease Statistics System to investigate the interventions of
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
Spelling mistake: transmissibility
Spelling mistake: Tesyla Tesla
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
wearing a mask, hand washing, and social distance on the spread of respiratory tract infections.
Methods of Study
Camps-Font et al. (2005) used cohort study, and Powel et al. (2005) used the
retrospective study design. Cohort studies follow up patients to see if they develop the desired
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 4
outcome. The retrospective study entails surveying the desired result that has occurred, i.e.,
looking back. Teslya et al. (2020) used the compartmental model for analysis of infectious,
which assesses the natural progress of a disease. Chiu et al. (2020) used the Taiwan National
Infectious Disease Statistics System to study the evolution of COVID-19 in weeks. This
statistical model is different because it employs prevalence and incidence rates.
Limitations and Delimitations of the Methods
The primary benefit of cohort studies is the postponement of an expected outcome and
investigating potential harm causes before they occur. The limitation posed by cohort studies is it
requires a large sample size. The retrospective design is easy because the desired outcome has
already happened. This is good for diseases with more extended periods of latency. The major
limitation is there are high chances of loss of follow-up.
Franco (2020) argues that the compartment model is advantageous because it gives the
various compartments at a glance. A compartmental model is critical in comparison approaches.
The delimitation is that different compartments have chances of developing bias because disease
progression in individuals varies depending on immunological status and drug interventions. The
statistical model used by Chiu et al. (2020) has the advantage of using factors such as prevalence
rate, incidence rate, attack rate. The delimitation is that mathematical errors lead to a generalized
impact on the final result (Silk et al., 2017).
Results
Key Findings
The Teslya et al. (2020) results showed that 46 per 1,000 individuals would develop
COVID-19 at an attack rate equivalent to 16%. In the absence of preventive measures, the spread
of COVID-19 rises to 20%. Fast and efficient spread of awareness dropped the number of
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 5
infections from 16% to 12%. The total efficacy of preventive measures was 50%. Chiu et al.
(2020) found a general decline in transmissibility from analysis in 2017, 2018, 2019, and 2020.
In 2020, the reported cases of COVID-19 was 41 in week 21 caused a surge of infections;
however, with implementation strategies, actual conditions dropped significantly to a regression
analysis of 0.098.
Powell et al. (2005) demonstrated an increase in infection rates at 2.09% from the total
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
Spelling mista...: Delimitations Delimitation
Three successive sentences begin wit...: The
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
Spelling mistake: transmissibility
sample of 1,053 patients. The 2.09% translated to 22 patients that developed the infections
despite any form of nursing intervention. The antibiotic intervention showed a reduction in
infection; from a sample of 281 that received antibiotics by the nurse, only eight developed
infections, compared to 14 patients that developed infections and were not on any form of
antibiotics, i.e., 14 in 772. Camps-Font et al. (2015) showed that treatment interventions
improved patient outcomes. Twenty-two patients from a total of 1,273 recorded infections. 6.5%
of the patients recorded an increase in infection rates, while 1.7% were associated with implant
infection despite the administration of amoxicillin and Clavulanate.
Implications
The role of nursing education is vital in the prevention of the spread of COVID-19 and
other respiratory tract infections. The significant implication is the formation of state coalitions
such as the California State Coalition that is at the forefront in educating people on the
importance of preventing the spread of the virus (San Francisco, 2020). Thus, nursing practices
such as hand washing, masks, and social Distancing are significant.
Nursing intervention by administration of antibiotics post-surgically improves patient
outcomes and recovery. The significant implication is that nurses should administer prophylactic
antibiotics.
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 6
Ethical Considerations
Two considerations
Reijers et al. (2018) argue that informed consent forms are a vital part of any form of
research. Informed consent allows the respondent to be self-aware of the situation they’re getting
into and the risk factors. In minors, the parent or guardian may give support after the research
has been explained the implications and benefits. Ethical approval is essential in research
because it builds legal grounds and prevents litigation. Ethical approval involves getting a permit
to conduct a study.
Ethical Considerations in My Research
The Camps-Font et al. (2005) was conducted in Spain and was ethically approved by the
Ethical Committee for Research in Barcelona. The Dental Hospital of Barcelona is also an
approved member of the Ethics Committee. The Review and Ethics Committee approved Powell
et al. (2015).
Outcomes comparison
The anticipated outcome is that evidential analysis from the two studies is vital in
preventing COVID-19 spread and other respiratory infections. The result is masked hand
washing; social Distancing is essential in preventing the spread of the virus. Nursing education is
also critical in molding the outcome of the disease. The anticipated product from the Chiu et
al.(2020) and Teslya et al. (2020) is an increase in positive patient outcomes and implementation
of preventive techniques in surgical patients
Outcomes of Articles in Comparison to Anticipated Outcomes
Teslya et al. (2020) concluded that preventive measures help flatten the peak curve of
Spelling mistake: Clavulanate
Spelling mistake: Reijers Racers
Three successive sentences begin...: Ethical
Spelling mistake: evidential residential
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
Spelling mistake: Teslya Tesla
COVID-19. Therefore the preventive measures are aligned to the PICOT question and its
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 7
anticipated outcome. According to Chiu et al. (2020), the preventive strategies were widely
accepted by the population and were considered effective in preventing the spread of the virus.
Analysis of the articles reveals an alignment to the anticipated outcome. The expected outcome
was a decrease in the spread of the virus and flattening of the COVID-19 curve. In the Camps-
Font et al. (2015), 1273 patients were placed under intervention and studied, while the Powell et
al. (2005) totaling 1,053 patients that had undergone surgical intervention were observed
retrospectively. The outcome reported from Camps-Font et al. (2015) was an 8.2% infection rate.
Powell et al. (2005) showed an increase in infection rates at 2.05%, with 22 patients being
reported from the sample of 1,053 patients.
Evidence-based Practice Change
Link Between the PICOT Question, the Research Articles, and the Nursing
Practice Problem
The link between the PICOT question, research articles, and the practice problem is the
central role of nurses. Nurses play a huge role in the prevention of the spread of infections by
educating other health professionals. For example, other health professionals can be educated on
the need for prophylactic drugs; the public is educated on adherence to measures put by the
government to prevent the spread of nasal infections.
Evidence-based Practice Change for your Identified Setting.
Hospitals and the government need to routinely implement antibiotics in dental surgical
patients as prophylaxis because Camps-Font et al. (2015) and Powell et al. (2005) proved better
outcomes. In the prevention of nasal infections evidence-based practice from the PICOT
question and the Chiu et al. (2020), there is proof that all persons to practice handwashing and
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 8
hygienic measures. Also, nurses should be advocates of the actions that reduce dental and nasal
infections.
Punctuation error: Therefore Therefore,
Passive voice: strategies were widely ac...
Web Content: https://www.yourhomeworksolutions.com/downloads/discuss-the-link-between-the-picot-question-the-research-articles-and-the-nursing-practice-problem-you-identified/…
Spelling mistake: handwashing hand washing
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 9
References
Camps-Font, O., Figueiredo, R., Valmaseda-Castellón, E., & Gay-Escoda, C. (2015).
Postoperative infections after dental implant placement: prevalence, clinical features, and
treatment. Implant dentistry, 24(6), 713-719.
Chiu, N. C., Chi, H., Tai, Y. L., Peng, C. C., Tseng, C. Y., Chen, C. C., ... & Lin, C. Y. (2020).
Impact of wearing masks, hand hygiene, and social Distancing on influenza, enterovirus,
and all-cause pneumonia during the coronavirus pandemic: Retrospective national
epidemiological surveillance study. Journal of Medical Internet Research, 22(8), e21257.
Franco, E. (2020). A feedback SIR (fSIR) model highlights the advantages and limitations of
infection-based social Distancing. arXiv preprint arXiv:2004.13216, 28.
Powell, C. A., Mealey, B. L., Deas, D. E., McDonnell, H. T., & Moritz, A. J. (2005).
Post‐surgical infections: prevalence associated with various periodontal surgical
procedures. Journal of periodontology, 76(3), 329-333.
Reijers, W., Wright, D., Brey, P., Weber, K., Rodrigues, R., O’Sullivan, D., & Gordijn, B.
(2018). Methods for practicing ethics in research and innovation: A literature review,
critical analysis, and recommendations. Science and engineering ethics, 24(5), 1437-
1481.
San Francisco, A. I. D. S. (2020). Coalition Effort for ‘Overdose Prevention Programs’ in
California Announced. Policy.
Silk, M. J., Croft, D. P., Delahay, R. J., Hodgson, D. J., Weber, N., Boots, M., & McDonald, R.
A. (2017). The application of statistical network models in disease research. Methods in
Ecology and Evolution, 8(9), 1026-1041.
RESEARCH CRITIQUE AND PICOT STATEMENT 10
Teslya, A., Pham, T. M., Godijk, N. G., Kretzschmar, M. E., Bootsma, M. C., & Rozhnova, G.
(2020). Impact of self-imposed prevention measures and short-term government-imposed
social Distancing on mitigating and delaying a COVID-19 epidemic: A modeling study.
PLoS medicine, 17(7), e1003166.
