Benchmark - Capstone Project Change Proposal
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Avery Bryan
Benchmark – Capstone Project.docx
Summary
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Running head: BENCHMARK – CAPSTONE PROJECT 1
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Benchmark – Capstone Project
Avery Bryan
Professor Tammy Gray
NRS-490
02/09/20
Benchmark – Capstone Project
Obesity is prevalent among the African American children. Most of the African
American families fall in the low income groups. This results to them not being able to purchase
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healthy foods. There is a perception that healthy foods are very expensive to purchase. Their
food consumption to a large extent consists of proteins from genetically modified organisms
(GMOs), larger amounts of refined grains and sugars and high level of fructose corn syrup. They
consume junky foods that are cheaper to buy. These foods contribute a lot to childhood obesity
among the African American children who consume them.
Obesity is not a disease in itself. However, it leads to an increased risk of individuals to
develop other diseases that may be considered to be chronic. These chronic diseases include
some types of cancer, coronary heart disease, stroke, osteoarthritis, type 2 diabetes and other
complicated health conditions. A myriad of social and physical negative consequences are
associated with obesity. The conditions associated with obesity carry both short term and long
term negative outcomes that are extremely expensive to treat both at individual and societal
level. It is less expensive to prevent obesity than to cure it. It is therefore important to address the
problem of obesity by implementing effective preventive measures.
Childhood obesity is a world-wide health problem and development of interventions to
prevent or control it should be a priority (Amini et al, (2014). Obesity is prevalent and on the
increase among many school going African American children in the US. Physical activity and
healthy diet are the key preventive interventions that can be implemented to tackle the challenge
of childhood obesity (Chircop et al., (2015).
Obesity is a major health concern. This is because children who have obesity, compared
to those with normal weight are at high risk of getting many serious health complications. These
health complications include high blood pressure, type 2 diabetes, low quality of life and stroke
and low. Generally, obesity is a growing health concern in the US not only among the African
American children but also among the adults and adolescents of all races. Individuals in the low
income bracket are mostly affected.
The key purpose of this particular change proposal is to reduce the prevalence of obesity
among the African American children. Addressing the issue of childhood obesity among the
African American children is very significant. This is because it will lead to a reduction in the
prevalence of illnesses and conditions that are associated with childhood obesity. It will also
result in improved quality of life among the African American children.
The proposed PICOT question is, Among the African American children (P), does
implementing childhood obesity prevention measures (I) results to reduction in the prevalence of
childhood obesity (O) compared to those children who have not been educated on obesity
prevention (C) within two years (T)?
Addressing the prevalence of obesity has implications on nursing in that it will lead to
discovery of new evidence-based practices that are going to prevent the prevalence of obesity.
A comprehensive literature search was employed. An electronic search was conducted
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randomized controlled trials. The literature search results revealed about 100 publications. The
abstracts were screened and eight studies were relevant to the PICOT question. These studies
included four quantitative studies and four qualitative studies.
Several studies have been done concerning the PICOT question. The results of various
research studies have shown that there are an increasing number of African American children
who are obese and overweight. Obesity is, therefore, one of the major health concerns. Many
research studies have been carried out to determine interventions that can be implemented to
reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity. Most of the researchers have recommended
implementation of effective interventions to check this particular trend of an increasing number
of obese African American children. Obese children are prone to getting various serious health
complications that negatively affect their health and reduce their life expectancy. The conditions
that are associated with obesity have been attributed to high mortality rates among African
American children.
Most of the empirical studies have established a link between childhood obesity and
parental obesity. The studies conclude that children that are raised by obese parents are more
likely to be obese as compared to children who are raised by parents who are not obese.
(Huffman, Kanikireddy & Patel, (2010) attempted to find out ways in which parenthood
contributes to childhood obesity. They established that several parenthood factors contribute to
obesity. These factors include obese parents raising children. (Parrino et al, (2016) examined the
Influence of early-life and parental factors on childhood overweight and obesity. These authors
also found out that obese parent raising children contribute to early childhood obesity. Their
findings also indicated that early childhood obesity is not caused by parents who are not obese
raising their children.
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using several databases that include Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews and Cochrane
Central Register of Controlled Trials. The search included English-only published articles
between 2009 and 2019. The keywords that were searched include obesity, obese children, obese
parents, children’s risk of being obese, parents who are not obese, systematic reviews, and
The research study conducted by (Sahoo et al, (2015) examined the causes and
consequences of childhood obesity. Their empirical results showed that food preferences of
parents can influence the foods that children eat. Obese parents may prefer to take foods such as
sugary beverages and snacks. This will influence children to take such kind of foods. These types
of foods have high chances causing obesity.
The study carried out by (Santangeli, Sattar & Huda, (2015) found out that there is an
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association between maternal obesity and childhood development with increased risks of obesity.
It can, therefore, be concluded that maternal obesity is likely to contribute to early childhood
obesity. The research carried out by (Yeung et al, (2017) analyzed how parental obesity impacts
early childhood development. It can therefore be concluded that there are high chances of
children raised by obese parents to be exposed to obesity risk factors.
The studies that were reviewed have their strengths and weaknesses. A strength that is
common with all these studies that have been reviewed is that it establishes a cause and effect
relationship between parental obesity and childhood obesity. Other studies also attempt to
examine childhood prevention measures are effective or not. These studies therefore support the
claim in my PICOT question to a greater extent.
The change theory that was applicable or utilized is the Iowa theory. This particular
theory incorporates use of research and other types of evidence. The Iowa model has been used
extensively in many nursing research programs. There are seven major steps that have to be
followed in the Iowa model. These steps that are followed in the Iowa model include identifying
the problem that require change, establishing a team to assess the problem, gathering and
analyzing research studies related to the problem at hand, grading the evidence found, coming up
with an evidence-based standards, implementing changes, and finally evaluating the changes.
The interventions that are required to reduce the prevalence of childhood obesity among
the African American children will be implemented at the three levels. These levels include,
individual, family and community levels. One of the interventions is to educate the African
Americans concerning the importance of consuming healthy foods and practicing healthy living.
This can go a long way in reducing the prevalence of obesity among the African Americans. The
outcome measure associated with this particular intervention is the reduction of the prevalence of
childhood obesity among the African American children by 10%.
Childhood obesity prevention interventions are implemented at the family level because
parents play a unique role in the prevention of obesity (Andrews, Silk & Eneli, (2010). Parents
are supposed to provide anticipatory guidance and counseling that can influence families'
nutrition and physical activity habits (Andrews, Silk & Eneli, (2010).
Parents are supposed to be keen and hence being able to recognize obesity risk factors
early in a child's life. They will then be able to help their children to make positive changes that
will improve their weight trajectory. Another outcome measure is the full adoption of measures
that are aimed at reducing excess weight among the African American children. These measures
include healthy diet, regular physical and assessing weight (Andrews, Silk & Eneli, (2010).
These interventions will go a long way in preventing childhood obesity. Parents should monitor
and model their children as they raise them. Parents should also encourage their children to
engage in regular physical exercises (Andrews, Silk & Eneli, (2010).
According to (Brown et al, 2015), the most efficient and cost-effective technique of
reducing the risk of obesity among young children is parental guidance as they raise them.
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in reducing the risk of childhood obesity (Gunnarsdottir et al, (2011). (Lindsay et al, (2006) laid
emphasis on the role played by parents in preventing childhood obesity. Several evidence-based
practices also support this particular claim (Natale et al, (2014).
Implementing an evidence-based practice change is always faced with many obstacles.
Often the use of research in clinical settings is a common barrier. According to (Mathieson,
Grande & Luker, (2018) this barrier is linked to the support provided by the institution in which
physicians work, healthcare workers’ skills and values, quality of research and distribution of
information. From this standpoint potential barriers to the proposed capstone project are
insufficient time, failure to pay attention to statistics and lack of time gather enough information
about childhood obesity. In light of the above barriers, it is recommended to adopt a viable
approach that can sustain the evidence-based approach. The critical integration is to create an
environment that is supportive. Communication methods must be enhanced to ensure effective
communication between the interdisciplinary members. Simply by enhancing collaborative work
in the evidence-based practice and research, the clinical setting will build rapport and credibility.
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References
Amini, M., Djazayery, A., Majdzadeh, R., Taghdisi, M. H., Sadrzadeh-Yeganeh, H., & Eslami-
Amirabadi, M. (2014). Children with obesity prioritize social support against stigma: a
qualitative study for development of an obesity prevention intervention. International
journal of preventive medicine, 5(8), 960.
Chircop, A., Shearer, C., Pitter, R., Sim, M., Rehman, L., Flannery, M., & Kirk, S. (2013).
Privileging physical activity over healthy eating:‘Time’to Choose?. Health promotion
international, 30(3), 418-426.
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Parents ought to guide their children on the best nutritional practices. Parents have to implement
practices that reduce the risk of childhood obesity. Parental interventions are therefore effective
Huffman, F. G., Kanikireddy, S., & Patel, M. (2010). Parenthood—a contributing factor to childhood obesity. International journal of environmental research and public
health, 7(7), 2800-2810.
Mathieson, A., Grande, G., & Luker, K. (2018). Strategies, facilitators and barriers to
implementation of evidence-based practice in community nursing: a systematic mixed-
studies review and qualitative synthesis. Primary health care research &
development, 20.
Parrino, C., Vinciguerra, F., La Spina, N., Romeo, L., Tumminia, A., Baratta, R., ... & Frittitta,
L. (2016). Influence of early-life and parental factors on childhood overweight and
obesity. Journal of endocrinological investigation, 39(11), 1315-1321.
Sahoo, K., Sahoo, B., Choudhury, A. K., Sofi, N. Y., Kumar, R., & Bhadoria, A. S. (2015).
Childhood obesity: causes and consequences. Journal of family medicine and primary
care, 4(2), 187.
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Santangeli, L., Sattar, N., & Huda, S. S. (2015). Impact of maternal obesity on perinatal and
childhood outcomes. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics &
Gynaecology, 29(3), 438-448.
Yeung, E. H., Sundaram, R., Ghassabian, A., Xie, Y., & Louis, G. B. (2017). Parental obesity
and early childhood development. Pediatrics, 139(2), e20161459.
