8.1 Discussion: Ladder of Abstraction

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by Rameshbabu Ambari

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Unique Words 44%

Measures vocabulary diversity by calculating the

percentage of words used only once in your

document

unique words

13 Clarity

7 Passive voice misuse

4 Wordy sentences

2 Hard-to-read text

5 Engagement

5 Word choice

13 Correctness

1 Confused words

1 Determiner use (a/an/the/this, etc.)

6 Punctuation in compound/complex

sentences

2 Misspelled words

1 Comma misuse within clauses

1 Wrong or missing prepositions

1 Closing punctuation

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Rare Words 29%

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rare words

Word Length 4.9

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Sentence Length 28.4

Measures average sentence length words per sentence

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32

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A Ladder of Abstraction is a tool that can help with communication (Hayakawa

& Hayakawa, 1939). A Ladder of Abstraction is used to provide a visual

reference to help describe concepts that might be too complex or more

detached from normal expectations and understandings to make then more

easily comprehended (Hayakawa & Hayakawa, 1939).

The Ladder of Abstraction starts at the bottom step by listing the most

concrete components of the concept being described and moves up the ladder

with each step becoming a little more abstract until the top step on ladder is

reached which then represents the most abstract component (Hayakawa &

Hayakawa, 1939).

The post-positivist paradigm follows most closely with the analytical view as

described by Arbnor and Bjerke (Arbnor & Bjerke, 2009). The post-positivist

view for research starts with de�ning a study area, a research question and a

research plan that is fact based. This step is the most concrete and easiest for

most people to communicate and understand so it is placed on the �rst step.

The post-positivist view is that reality can be de�ned although it may not be

true and certain because the assumptions and hypotheses used to develop the

theories can be untrue or incorrect since they are all by in�uenced by human

behavior. This component is the most abstract and it is therefore placed on the

top step in the Ladder of Abstract used to describe the post-positivist

paradigm. The diagram below shows a Ladder of Abstraction for the post-

positivist paradigm which is my personal operative paradigm

1 2

3 4

5 6

7

8 9

10

11 12

13 14

15 16

17,18 19

20 21,22

23,24 25

26 27 28

29 30 31

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1. is used Passive voice misuse Clarity

2. Wordy sentences Clarity

3. Word choice Engagement

4. Confused words Correctness

5. being described Passive voice misuse Clarity

6. Hard-to-read text Clarity

7. Determiner use (a/an/the/this,

etc.)

Correctness

8. is reached Passive voice misuse Clarity

9. Punctuation in

compound/complex sentences

Correctness

10. Misspelled words Correctness

11. Word choice Engagement

12. Comma misuse within clauses Correctness

13. Misspelled words Correctness

14. Word choice Engagement

15. Punctuation in

compound/complex sentences

Correctness

16. is placed Passive voice misuse Clarity

17. reality can be de�ned Passive voice misuse Clarity

18. Punctuation in

compound/complex sentences

Correctness

19. Hard-to-read text Clarity

is used to provide →

provides

normal → everyday

then → them

and moves → . It moves

the ladder

, which

Arbnor → Arbor

view → idea

, and

fact based → fact-based

easiest → most accessible

, so

de�ned,

although → . However,

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32

20. Word choice Engagement

21. Punctuation in

compound/complex sentences

Correctness

22. Word choice Engagement

23. all by Wordy sentences Clarity

24. by Wrong or missing prepositions Correctness

25. are all by in�uenced Passive voice misuse Clarity

26. Punctuation in

compound/complex sentences

Correctness

27. therefore Wordy sentences Clarity

28. is therefore placed Passive voice misuse Clarity

29. Punctuation in

compound/complex sentences

Correctness

30. personal Wordy sentences Clarity

31. Closing punctuation Correctness

32. A Ladder of Abstraction is a tool that

can help with communication

(Hayakawa & Hayakawa, 1939). A

Ladder of Abstraction is used to

provide a visual reference to help

describe concepts that might be too

complex or more detached from

normal expectations and

understandings to make then more

easily com…

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Originality

true → accurate

certain,

certain →

con�dent, speci�c, inevitable

, and

, which

paradigm.