DR5

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D1: Pragya

There are different ethical ideas of school that states how an individual perceives things and reacts to a situation. This is an important aspect, which differentiates the good people from the bad ones. The school of thought follows a different ideology, which completely depends upon the values perceived and the way things are assumed by the majority of the people. The primary objective is to conduct the tasks and ensure that people apprehend the differences between ethical thinking and the proper execution of the works. Through the moral value, the leaders are in a position to successfully conduct the operational works and ensure that the ethical standards are accurately followed (Brown et al., 2005).

In the ethical thinking process, people use logical methods for thinking the right things and ensure to follow the stated standards as it helps in getting the expected results. There are different reasons why an individual might choose to do the wrong thing, and some of them are quite serious. In this case, the people are examined for the type of behavior they choose and following their lives. There are different philosophical factors that have been followed by the people, and it is highly influenced by their cultural practices. The ethical schools of thought are also impacted by the external culture that determines how an individual could accept the things and behave in a given situation. Fundamental reforms are based on the fundamental values that are used for accurately doing things in different situations. The ethical standards and values outline the characteristics of the people, who especially are related to a group of cultural groups (Arar et al., 2013).

References:

Arar, K., Shapira, T., Azaize, F., and Hertz-Lazarowitz, R. (2013), Arab Women into Leadership and Management, Palgrave Mcmilan, New York, NY.

Brown, M.E., Trevino, L.K., and Harisson, D. (2005). Ethical leadership: a social learning perspective for construct development and testing. Organizational Behavior and Human Decision Process, Vol. 97, pp. 117-134.

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D2: Vyshnavi

I believe ethical thoughts plays major role in any decision-making scenarios where ethics are important and represent people perspective. So, in that regards, people and decision makers needs to seek some common set of goals.

Following are the few principles for ethical thoughts-

1.      Justice- This principle implies that the ethical theory must comply with the actions and must have a significant difference even on cases with inconsistent decisions.

2.      Respect for Autonomy- Every individual must have rights on their chosen lifestyle as they are the one who completely understand it.

3.      Least harm- This implies that people must do the least harm to the people while making decisions.

4.      Beneficence- This principle states that decision maker should prioritizes to do good and what is right.

There are various forms of ethical theories-

1.  Deontology- This explains that a decision maker must adhere to the rights and duties because following those duties are ethically correct. For instance, if an individual is responsible to file his/her taxes every year to the govt. because it is ethical.

2. Utilitarianism- It is something that provides the maximum benefit to most of the people which are ethically correct. Basically, there are two types of utilitarianism-rule and act.

Rule utilitarianism always takes law into consideration first and wanted to be fair , whereas act deals with the benefit of most people refraining the personal and social constraints.

3.Virtue- This theory shows a perspective that person should be judged by his character rather than on his action. For instance, if a person submits the document after document but the professor considers his attentiveness and his behavior in class, considering that to give him full marks.

 

References-

Bernacchio, Caleb.(Oct 2018), Business Ethics, Business Ethics Quarterly. Vol. 28 Issue 4, p377-400

Maddux, Dorothy J., & Maddux, Robert B. (2010)  Ethics in Business : Manage with Authority and Fairness. Edition: 2nd ed. [Rochester, NY] Axzo Press.

 

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