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Gioconda
Comparing and Contrasting Martha Roger’s and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Theories
The Science of Unitary Human Being (SUHB) theory developed by Martha Rogers and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse’s Theory of Human Becoming (THB) are important elements of a theoretical foundation of the nursing profession. Each paradigm made a valuable contribution to the development of nursing theory. As the comparative analysis of these theories demonstrates, both SUBH and THB conceptualize human beings and the environment as irreducible fields and provide an adequate theoretical basis for guiding practice and research.
SUBH and THB have several similarities. First, both theoretical frameworks are considered grand theories since they describe nursing concepts at a highly abstract level (Smith & Parker, 2014; McEwen & Wills, 2018). Second, these theories belong to the unitary-transformative paradigm. In other words, these two theories posit that persons and the environment change and evolve continuously in the process of mutual patterning (Smith & Parker, 2014). Third, THB was constructed based on Rogers’ SUBH and borrowed its four main concepts, including energy field, openness, pattern, and pandimensionality, and three main principles of helicity, resonancy, and integrality (Lins et al., 2013). At the same time, these theories have differences as well. In particular, while Rogers’ theory focuses on supportive psychotherapy for rehabilitation and pain management, Parse’s theory focuses on improving the quality of a patient’s life (“Nursing theorists,” 2020). In addition, these two theories are based on somewhat different concepts and assumptions about individuals, their interaction with the environment, and the nursing process (“Nursing theorists,” 2020). Therefore, SUBH and THB have commonalities and differences.
Both SUBH and THB are used to guide nursing science, research, and practice. Although these theoretical frameworks are highly abstract, they apply to the nursing profession. For instance, a study by Aranha (2018) demonstrated that Rogers' SUHB and its system model could be applied in real-life patient care. However, when choosing between these two theories, I would probably use Parse’s THB since, in my view, raising the quality of life is a foundation for improving patients’ health and well-being.
Villelixe
The Human Becoming Theory by Parse describes nursing science through quality measures. True presence emerges as nurse with person lives a special way of being with in which the nurse is attentive to changes in meaning while bearing witness to the person’s own living of value priorities. Patterns of becoming themes surfacing in discussion are paradoxical rhythms and guide nurse with person.
This theory can be applied to my practice and my current interest in research. My interest is in hospital readmissions. Hospital readmissions are a growing healthcare burden with heart patients being at the top of the list for readmissions and mortality (Leppin, et al., 2014). A priority for healthcare organizations and practitioners is to enhance patient outcomes by preventing readmissions for HF patients. My facility implemented recommendations for change derived from the literature review and overview of the standard guidelines. All these relate to the idea of quality improvement indicative of the Human Becoming Theory.
Amniellys Rodriguez
Nursing Theory
The assumptions of Parse’s theory is that the human being is the daily creation of reality through the language of evaluation and of the image as rhythmic paradoxical patterns of revealing, enabling-limiting and connecting-are driving forms of transformation as Rosemarie Rizzo Parse explains in his theory of human becoming; in addition to stating that the human sciences focus on the human being as a vital unit and their qualitative participation of health experiences. Parse also defines the person as the vital unit of the universe and health as the experiences lived by human beings. The man can choose from the options that he is going to take and he has the responsibility of those options.
In daily practice as a registered nurse this theory can be applied because we as members of the health system and because it is part of the real presence in the care of the patients we have an active participation in it and the individuals (patients) can describe the meaning personal situation and make your own choice for your well-being. Nurses see the health of their patients as one of the most important thing when she or he comes to caring or treating their patients, but nurses cannot decide on many occasions to do, because if the patient does not agree the nurse could not do anything, the decision is for the patient.
An example of this is when a client has Gallstone, the nurse or other health professionals in charge of the patient's care suggest that surgery is necessary to avoid future complications, and despite knowing this the patient refuses the surgical procedure, he prefers to wait, and the nurse cannot decide for him. In this case, the role of the nurse as leader and main figure in the care of the patient is to educate him, to guide him about what is best for him, for his health, and his life in general.
One assumption of this theory is "the human is open (as Parse describes) freely choosing meaning with situation, bearing responsibility for decisions (situated freedom, openness, and energy field)" this assumption is my opinion is real and daily practice of nursing, as patients have all rights to make decisions regarding medical care, the right to accept or refuse treatment, the right to formulate advances directives and others. Although according to the critics the theory of human development has taken the beliefs of human science in the service of the development of knowledge in a new and important way, also proposing that instead the theory of the nurse should be dedicated to the verification of the investigation and to lead to practice the knowledge without using paradigms (Masters, 2015).
Luanda
Theories of Dr. Martha Rogers and Dr. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Nursing theories are structured organizations of knowledge that analyze the essence of nursing alongside its goals and mission. Smith and Parker (2014) explain that nursing theories guide practice of care and provide a basis for singling out nursing as a separate discipline. The nursing theories of Martha Rogers and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse possess similarities and differences in interpreting the nursing concepts. Both theories were developed at the end of the nineteenth century and focused on human beings in interaction with the environment.
M. Rogers and R. Rizzo Parse emphasized the vital role of the environment as an integral part and the main condition of human functioning. Masters (2015) points out, that nursing theorists signify the role of surroundings for human health and general well-being. Rogers’ Theory of Unitary Human Beings considers a person to be a part of the universe and, thus, inseparable from the environmental factors of living. The Rogers model calls care providers to establish the patterns of human-universe interaction in order to better understand human experience. Rosemarie Rizzo Parse has developed the nursing theory of Human Becoming to emphasize continuous reciprocity of an individual as a unitary being with surroundings. Similarly, the Human Becoming Theory views human interaction with the universe as cooperative creation of interrelated rhythmical patterns. Furthermore, both theories regard nursing as a separate, care-specific science and an art: nurses apply scientific findings to creative practice, helping improve the lives of patients.
There are some conceptual differences in both nursing theories. M. Rogers views nursing care as services extending into every area of human functioning and aiming at assisting patients in accomplishing their optimal health potential. However, Parse’s theory, according to Petiprin (2016), advocates for the nursing goal of improving the quality of life for every person taking into account individual preferences. Focus on individual life quality from each patient’s own perspective distinguishes Rizzo Parse’s model from other theories.
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Aymee
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Discussion Week 7: Nursing Theories of Martha Rogers and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse
Nursing theorists Martha E. Rogers and Rosemarie Rizzo Parse have developed models of care provision basing on their knowledge, experience and beliefs regarding the purposes and main principles of nursing practice. Martha Rogers has designed the Theory of Unitary Human Beings, while Rosemarie Rizzo Parse has structured the Human Becoming Theory. Each theorist highlights creative approaches to the art of nursing while incorporating the scientific concepts of patient care into nursing practice. Smith and Parker (2014) explain that by the end of the 19th century, nursing had formed as a separate discipline with its unique scope and methodology. Thus, both theoretical models of Unitary Human Beings and Human Becoming view nursing as a science that provides the foundation for the art of care practice.
The nursing theories of M. Rogers and R. Rizzo Parse emphasize the paramount role of environment for human wellbeing. Rogers’ theoretical model of Unitary Human Beings views patients as inseparable components of environmental surroundings. So, nursing takes into account the close interrelation of humans and their environments when addressing health needs of patients. Masters (2015) reveals the need to understand the role of living conditions for the productive nursing theory-guided practice of care professionals. Furthermore, Rizzo Parse’s theoretical framework regards people as unitary beings in constant mutual correlation with environmental factors. Consequently, the goal of nursing is to establish a practitioner-patient relationship and provide care for each person as a whole living being that obtains experiences through their environment.
However, the Human Becoming theory by Parse and the concept of Unitary Human Beings by Rogers differ in viewing human personality and care provision. Parse calls to focus on the patients’ quality of life, recognizing each individual as a person (Petiprin, 2016). Rogers views each individual as an element of the surroundings and calls for combining the nursing science and art, ensuring patients’ recovery alongside further healthy functioning.
Ana
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Both theories are inserted on the Unitarian-Transformative Paradigm where the person is viewed as an open, patterned, auto-organized entity immerse and interacting with the environment. Both, person and environment are constantly changing and evolving. The health is a reflection or manifestation of those changes and has not direction. This paradigm fuses humans with universe.
The Roger’s Science of Unitary Human Beings consider nursing a science and art but express that the purpose of nurses is health promotion for all humankind. Focused on the interaction between person and universe. Any change of the patterns is transmitted by waves creating observable events. If you are able to isolate the pattern, you can better understand the process. As part of the concepts inside this theory; energy field is a core elemental that vary on intensity, density and extent without boundaries on a constant movement that lead to the openness part of the theory. Other concept is patterns defined as the intrinsic and unique characteristics of each energy field Also, described homodynamic as unity of humans being in resonance, helicity and integrality. To summarize “Health is an expression of life process” (Rogers’ Science of Unitary Human Beings, 2018). Nurse exists to serve on a safe way in dependence of the knowledge and nature of each nurse.
Parse’s Human Becoming Theory focuses on the quality of life and is an alternative for conventional bio-medical approach and bio-psycho-spiritual approach. It states that human being and universe coexists on a rhythmical pattern on which humanity is open, free to choose and being responsibility for that. Also states that becoming is inherent to human being, is rhythmically immerse on human-universe process, value priorities, emerging and transcending. It includes the Totality Paradigm when stablish a man as a mixture of biological, psychological, sociological and spiritual factors in a continuous interaction with environment (Parse’s Human Becoming Theory, 2019)
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