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Elsa Sosa

Florida National University

Advanced Pharmacology

  Professor: Dr Latoya Dotson

October 25, 2021

Cluster Headaches and its Epidemiology.

Cluster headache is a disorder that is characterized by intense pain, which occurs in

chronic patterns. This kind of disorder belongs to the trigeminal autonomic cephalalgias (TUC)

Group associated with unilateral pain and a short duration of symptoms. Cluster pain attacks are

associated with signs and symptoms that depict the autonomic systems' disorders (Ljubisavljevic

& Zidverc Trajkovic, 2018). Clinically, cluster pain can be described as pain that begins without

warning and occurs unliterary, maximal around and behind the orbit, and is usually described as

boring pain. In some women, the pain is said to mimic childbirth pain. However, studies in Norway revealed that the pooled prevalence of cluster headaches was 0.12 %, while in rural Ethiopia, the prevalence was 1.3%. Concerning sex, cluster headaches as more predominantly in men compared to women. The clinical presentation in both men and women are similar, but women tend to experience nausea and vomiting with their attacks.

Goadsby, Wei, and Yuan Ong (2018) assert no relationship between cluster headache and

estrogen production in women. Still, genetically, there is a relationship as depicted in

monozygotic twins in previous studies. Large-scale epidemiological studies reveal that cluster

headaches are more common among Caucasians. Simultaneously, in the US, African American

women were me likely to develop cluster headaches compared to their counterparts (Goadsby,

Wei & Yuan Ong, 2018). Unfortunately, the prevalence of cluster headaches across the world is

unknown. Therapy gals for Richard will reduce the intensity of the pain, the duration, and the

prevention of future attacks (Woo & Robinson, 2016). Due to the rapid onset of the pain, fast-

acting medication will be required. In this context, the acute therapies will integrate Oxygen's

use and the use of injectables such as Triptan. At the same time, the preventive treatment will

utilize the use of calcium blockers such as verapamil.

References

Goadsby, P., Wei, D., & Yuan Ong, J. (2018). Cluster headache: Epidemiology,

pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis. Annals Of Indian Academy Of

Neurology, 21(5), 3. doi: 10.4103/aian.aian_349_17

Ljubisavljevic, S., & Zidverc Trajkovic, J. (2018). Cluster headache: pathophysiology, diagnosis,

and treatment. Journal Of Neurology, 266(5), 1059-1066. doi: 10.1007/s00415-018-

9007-4

Woo, T. M., & Robinson, M. V. (2016). Pharmacotherapeutics for advanced practice nurse

prescribers. FA Davis.

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Irmaylin Duran

 

Cluster Headache

A cluster headache belongs to a category of headache disorders associated with extreme pain. The related suffering necessitates research and survey to establish a proper treatment to improve patients’ life quality. Nonetheless, this condition is often underreported because most people prefer using over-the-counter drugs for headaches. An effective cluster headache treatment plan requires epidemiologic assessment and formulation of specific treatment goals for individual patients.

Epidemiology data is an essential health parameter that influences research and funding. However, producing accurate cluster headache reports is challenging due to low reporting (Wei et al., 2018). Despite the obstacles, community studies have been useful in determining the trend. According to Wei et al. (2018), 16 population-based reviews identified that annual prevalence ranged from 1 – 150/100,000, with Norway recording the most cases of 381/100,000, with others in Georgia and rural Ethiopia. Nonetheless, these studies are inconsistent. Jurno et al. (2018) claim that by 2004, the global prevalence stood at 0.54%, while Kingston and Dodick (2018) posit it only affects 0.1%. Despite the variation, these studies managed to compare populations. Wei et al. (2018) claim that the condition is prevalent in men among whites, but common in women among African-Americans. These contradictions in epidemiologic studies justify the need for further surveillance and public awareness.

Surveillance data is critical in developing treatment goals to assist patients such as Richard. The therapy should target specific attacks and reduce their duration, frequency, and severity in this patient’s case. These objectives align with Kingston and Dodick’s (2018) cluster headache treatment plan involving three strategies: abortive provided at the onset to divert the attack, transitional offered at the beginning to provide rapid reduction or cessation, and preventive treatments. Though these therapies might work on Richard, additional research is necessary to respond to epidemiological inconsistencies.

An epidemiological analysis and patient-specific treatment plan are critical factors in cluster headache therapy goals. Existing data show several inconsistencies, especially at the global comparison. Irrespective of the differences, therapy should aim at terminating, reducing, or preventing a cluster headache. Though existing treatment plans are effective, they need reformulation through national and global surveillance.

 

References

Jurno, M. E., Pereira, B. S., Fonseca, F. A., Teixeira, G. A., Maffia, L. Q., Barros, M. R., Camilo, V. F., & Bordini, C. A. (2018). Epidemiologic study of cluster headache prevalence in a medium-size city in Brazil. Arquivos de Neuro-Psiquiatria, 76(7), 467-472. https://doi.org/10.1590/0004-282X20180065

Kingston, W. S., & Dodick, D. W. (2018). Treatment of cluster headache. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 21(5), 9–15. https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.AIAN_17_18

Wei, D. Y., Yuan Ong, J. J., & Goadsby, P. J. (2018). Cluster headache: Epidemiology, pathophysiology, clinical features, and diagnosis. Annals of Indian Academy of Neurology, 21(5), 3 – 8.  https://doi.org/10.4103/aian.AIAN_349_17

 

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Edited by Irmaylin Duran Parra on Oct 24, 2021, 10:25:30 PM