easy due 7/2

150 word minimum for each paper.. give your feedback(your opinion) on each paper.

PAPER#1 airb

Frank J. Goodnow provided many with a new way of understanding towards the idea of the separation of powers. He proposed that there are two divisions by which one can understand the American constitutional system. Those two divisions include politics and administration. He offers this division in opposition to legislative, executive, and judicial. The lack of consonance between legality and its execution can result in “political paralysis” (Waldo, 2007, p. 108). Politics is the expression of Congress. It is related to the art and science of the government. In other words, expressing the will of the state, is meant to describe how Congress makes laws for the intent of the people. On the other hand, the administration deals with implementing, or actually applying the policies from the intent (Cronkhite, 2012).

In my opinion I believe I agree with Frank Goodnow. I would not say I am up-to-date with a lot of political situations. I don’t think that criminal justice aspects should be under political control. Politics are power moves. An example would be correctional facilities. I worked as a correction's officer for a short time. Throughout my experience I noticed how low funding, and no rehabilitation programs can affect the quality of human life. The current prison policies have prevented efficient use of the administration service of the correctional system. It is not functioning in a way that seeks restorative justice. A current study also shows how counties that have more conservative voters use local incarceration to a greater extent (Ouellette & Applegate, 2023). This shows that most are party motivated, or personally swayed by their economic positions. Other criminal justice administrators, such as police departments, distance themselves from politics to serve any member of society regardless of political patronage. 

References

Cronkhite, C. L. (2012). Law enforcement and justice administration: Strategies for the 21st century. Jones & Bartlett Learning, LLC. 

Ouellette, H. M., & Applegate, B. K. (2023). Local incarceration as social control: A national analysis of social, economic, and political determinants of jail use in the United States. American Journal of Criminal Justice.  https://doi.org/10.1007/s12103-022-09682-9. 

Waldo, D. (2017). The administrative state (1st ed.). Taylor and Francis.  https://www.perlego.com/book/1578354/the-administrative-state-a-study-of-the-political-theory-of-american-public-administration-pdf.

PAPER#2 Gink

Frank J. Goodnow had a belief based on his views in political science (Cronkhite2013). The concept is the same way our government was established with different parties. The point is to make sure one controlling body does not end up with too much power. “The unitary theory of executive power often assumes that each branch’s powers are capable of precise definition, functionally distinct from the others, and that the formal boundaries between each branch are sacrosanct” (Jones et al., 2022 p.89).

Frank J. Goodnow mentioned the distinction between political and administrative, breaking the roles into two entities (Cronkhite2013). Both parts play a critical role in what the majority of the public body would like to see executed. The lawmakers make the rules in this case based on public opinion. The administrative staff is entrusted with making sure that the laws the political parties have dictated are adhered to. As far as which aspect of criminal justice administrations should be under political control, I do believe that should be the commissioner level.

It seems that the legislative level would want a person appointed that could be removed from the position if the duties of the position were not being upheld. The prison level should not be under the direct power of the legislation because that power should be left to the commissioner. There really is no part that is completely free from political pull because the laws can and have been changed and corrections have changed accordingly. Another article mentioned a good point of having the separation of power by saying discussing the accountability of the different parties (Rosenblum, 2022).

 

 

 

 

References:

Cronkhite, C. L. (2013). Law enforcement and justice administration: Strategies for the 21st

               century (2nd ed.).

Jones & Bartlett Learning. Macey, J. C., & Richardson, B. M. (2022). Checks, Not Balances. Texas Law Review, 101(1), 89–163.

Rosenblum, N. A. (2022). The Antifascist Roots of Presidential Administration. Columbia Law Review, 122(1), 1–86.