I Need ONE Response Per Each Discussion Total 6 Responses. Attached Are The Discussions And Rubric Please Follow Them. Posts Will Be A Minimum Of 100 Words, APA Format.One Reference Per Each Discussion

Vianet Blanco

5 hours ago, at 9:50 AM

 

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Ernestine Wiedenbach, Virginia Henderson, and Lydia Hall are three of the most important influences on nursing theory development of the 20th century. Wiedenbach, after completing a master of arts at Columbia University in 1934, became a professional writer for the American Journal of Nursing and played a critical role in the recruitment of nursing students and military nurses during World War II. At age 45, she began her studies in nurse-midwifery. Wiedenbach’s roles as practitioner, teacher, author, and theorist were consolidated as a member of the Yale University School of Nursing, where Yale colleagues William Dickoff and Patricia James encouraged her development of prescriptive theory (Dickoff, James, & Wiedenbach, 1968). Ernestine Wiedenbach gave us new ways to think about nursing practice and nursing scholarship, introducing us to the ideas of nursing as a professional practice discipline and nursing practice theory.

Virginia Henderson, as a member of society during a war, considered it a privilege to care for sick and wounded soldiers (Henderson, 1960). This wartime experience forever influenced her ethical understanding of nursing and her appreciation of the importance and complexity of the nurse–patient relationship. Henderson hoped to encourage others to develop their own working concept of nursing and nursing’s unique function in society.

Lydia Hall, born in 1906, was a visionary, risk taker, and consummate professional. She inspired commitment and dedication through her unique conceptual framework. Lydia Hall challenged us to think conceptually about the key role of professional nursing. Each of these nurse scholars helped us focus on the patient, instead of on the tasks to be done, and to plan care to meet needs of the person. Each emphasized caring based on the perspective of the individual being cared for through observing, communicating, designing, and reporting.

 

Nursing – patient theories are the basis of nursing practice today. In many cases, nursing theory guides knowledge development and directs education, research, and practice. Historically, nursing was not recognized as an academic discipline or as a profession we view today. The nurse–patient relationship was a significant focus of early conceptualizations of nursing. Hildegard Peplau, Joyce Travel-bee, and Ida Jean Orlando were three early nursing scholars who explicated the nature of this relationship. Their work shifted the focus of nursing from performance of tasks to engagement in a therapeutic relationship designed to facilitate health and healing. Peplau (1952) introduced the phases of the nurse–patient relationship in her interpersonal relations theory. This time-limited relationship is interpersonal in nature and has a starting point, proceeds through identifiable phases, and ends.

 

 

 

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Ana

 

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Early Conceptualizations About Nursing

Virginia Henderson, Ernestine Wiedenbach, and Lydia Hall were the ones who established the principles of the conceptualization of nursing. Ernestina Wiedenbach based her knowledge on a theory, which was based on three factors, the central objective that the doctor recognizes as essential for the particular discipline, the prescription for the achievement of the central purpose, the realities of the immediate situation that influence The central goal. Wiedenbach believed that there were four main elements to clinical nursing, a philosophy, a purpose, a practice, and the art. She defined the patient as a person who has entered the health system and is receiving some kind of help, such as care, teaching, or advice. The need for help is defined as any action desired by the patient that has the potential to restore or expand their ability to cope with various life situations that affect their health and well-being.

Nurse- Patient Relationship Theories

Peplau's theory emphasizes the nurse-patient relationship to enhance therapeutic interpersonal development. It is based on psychodynamic nursing, based on the knowledge of the nurse's own behavior, which allows her to help others to identify their problems. The essence of Peplau's model is the human relationship between an individual who is ill or requires health care, and a nurse specially educated to recognize and respond to the need for help. This model describes four phases in the relationship between nurse and patient: Orientation, identification, Use, and resolution. Peplau recognizes the science of Nursing as a human science, which focuses care on interpersonal relationships. Nursing education could adopt the three phases of Peplau's interpersonal relations theory to educate students on holistically communicating with older adults.

 

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Travelbee thought that nursing is performed through interactions between man which start with the initial encounter after which progress with the phases of emerging identities, developing feelings of empathy as well as eventually thoughts of sympathy. Travelbee's ideas have significantly affected the hospice palliative care action in the West (Peplau, Travelbee, & Orlando, 2015). The patient and the nurse achieve a relationship in the last phase. In order to achieve nursing objectives, it's crucial to achieve a genuine man man relationship. This particular relationship may just be started by way of a procedure for interaction. Establishing a proper nurse patient relationship is important. Nurses must greet the individual by name, make eye contact, and also show professionalism and confidence. They have to explain all that they are going to do as well as evaluate the treatment program, making certain to entail them in decision making. It's likewise necessary to sustain the privacy of individuals. For many individuals, contact is a way of demonstrating to affection and compassion, but nurses must be conscious of individual limits, as a few individuals prefer never to be touched (Peplau, Travelbee, & Orlando, 2015). Remaining hypersensitive to tradition is vital; provision of brochures as well as patient info in the patient's primary language and an interpreter, if needed, ought to be provided. These important components help develop trust as well as start lines of communication.

In the area of investigation, we are able to utilize this particular theory. Travelbee supplies nursing staff with the requirements for contacting people that are sick. It's developed a conceptual framework where to base healing associations with individuals, communities and families in danger or even prone to be affected. The definitions of his of the metaparadigm ingredients of phenomena of attention in nursing increase the interpersonal value as well as interpersonal energy of the theory of his (Peplau, Travelbee, & Orlando, 2015). The Travelbee design shows nurses to learn - or perhaps at minimum explore - the significance of suffering and illness in themselves. It's through this existential identification that a human being could connect with one human bein

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Early Conceptualization of Nursing Theory and Nurse-Patient Relationship Theories

           Nursing theory corresponds to the construction of a framework that provides nursing practice with a specific and organized scope of knowledge, skills, and competencies which place a differentiation from other healthcare fields. As a profession, nursing should be approached from scientific and practical basements where the previous identification, developing, and standard of theories serves to delineate what nurses do, how, and why as key functions (Masters, 2015). Indeed, the review and analysis of the nursing theories show that such act pursues the combination of philosophy, theories, concepts, and models that interrelate the conceptual framework to formulate the paradigms and metaparadigms where there are manifest definitive propositions, domains, and process.

           Among the pioneers of the nursing theories, it is necessary to mention Ernestine Wiedenbach who dedicated and focused to implement the “Helping Art of Clinical Nursing” model and concept of theory. According to her conclusions, nursing is accepted by the majority of a process of nurturing and caring, even at the similarity of motherhood, and from those standpoints the nursing as process and activity will interrelated critical elements at the clinical phase of philosophy toward the health, purpose of assisting the patient, practice to implement the nursing process, and art as the definitory skills that assist the patient during the coalescence. For Ms. Wiedenbach, the clinical nursing expertise is oriented to fulfill the healthcare patient´s needs and demands but with the particularity that such responses are within the nursing vision´s as a practice and art like a single unit.

        Another theory, Nursing Need Theory from Virginia Henderson, argued that nursing places at the center of action the patient´s need with the objective to enhance the health status and lead to the patient´s independency. Ms. Henderson made a different suggestion about the nurse’s role through the satisfaction of the fundamental needs that demands the human needs. A certain inference raises here through the particularity of adaptation of individualized care according to the patient´s plan of care using critical thinking and creativity (Smith & Parker, 2015). Nevertheless, her postulates add a novelty conjecture by the action of education to motivate patients to take part in the nursing interventions (increasing the level of adaptation and independence).

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The experiences of patients in the United States are measured by the Consumer Assessment of Healthcare providers and Systems- Hospital (HCAHPS) which is a primary way. Henderson in his nursing definition says a nurse’s unique function is to help an individual whether sick or well in performing the activities playing part in their health or recovery of an illness. For Wiednbach, nursing philosophy is associated with essential components which are reverence for life, respecting dignity, autonomy, individuality for each human being, autonomy and resolution to work on the different personal and professional beliefs. Hall on the other hand was certain that the outcomes of patients improve when a professional nurse provides direct care. An essential nursing component practice is establishing trusting therapeutic relationships that are trusting with patients (Feo, Rasmussen, Wiechula, Conroy & Kitson, 2017). Basically nursing is a success from a good relationship between a nurse and a patient.

Joyce believed that all a nurse said or did with a person that is ill should fulfill the nursing purpose. The nurse and patient relationship is just human being relations and therefore the relationship should be an interactive one. The importance of a good nurse-patient relationship is that it reduces the hospital stay days in addition to improving the client or patient satisfaction as well as quality of care given (Molina-Mula & Gallo-Estrada, 2020). Therefore, nurses should carry out their skills with the aim of achieving a specific patient-centered purpose rather than just carrying out the skill. Wiedenbach says that skills are made up of numerous actions and characterized by precision, effective self use and harmony.

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What were the early conceptualizations of nursing theory? 

The primary nursing concept is that nursing staff is in charge of direct patient care, supplying their basic needs and caring for them in the best possible way to a rapid recovery or a quiet, peaceful, and without pain death. We must acquire specific knowledge that helps us develop our minion in the best possible way. As nurses, we must help patients with their daily activities during their medical process until they can do it independently, such as Breathe normally, Eat and drink, Eliminate bodily wastes, Sleep and rest, Keep the body clean, protect the integument, avoid injuries, allow them to express emotions, needs, and fears. “all ‘nursing care’ is essentially complex because it involves constant adaptation of procedures to the needs of the individual” (Harmer & Henderson, 1955, p. 9).

As nurses, we must work in a constantly changing environment, and we must adapt to many procedures performed by many doctors. Also, we must prepare the patient for all types of tests or procedures, assist doctors in surgeries, take care of the patient and be in continuous contact with them to any complication that may arise after surgery. We are the eyes of doctors and the patients' voice; for that reason, we must keep alert and, most of the time, in constant observation and attention to the patient's needs.

What are nurse-patient theories? 

As a nurse, we must develop a knowledge base required to select the most appropriate nursing intervention. To engage fully in the nurse-patient relationship, we must have intellectual, interpersonal, and social skills. The nurse “accepts the patients as they are and interacts with them as emotionally able strangers and relating on this basis until evidence shows otherwise” (Peplau, 1992, p. 44).

As Peplau said, the nurse-patient relationship has three phases: orientation, identification, and resolution, through which nurse and patient create an intimate relationship based on respect, the nurse can understand the patient and their situation without judging them, the patient can express their needs and feelings with complete confidence in the space created between both without fear of being judged or rejected, in the assessment process they work together as a team to collect as much information as possible and thus be able to address their care in the must individual matter as possible. The patient, with time, will start to feel independent and get the necessary strength to carry out their daily activities independently.

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