philosophy
abzul13
RelevanceFallaciesLecture.ppt
List of Relevance Fallacies
- Ad hominem
- Straw man
- False dilemma
- Misplaced burden of proof
- Begging the question
- Appeal to emotion
- Irrelevant conclusion
Fallacies
Fallacy: a mistake in reasoning in which the premise is not relevant to, or inadequate to support, the conclusion.
- The presence of a fallacy does not always discredit a source.
- Cognitive biases are examples of fast thinking, whereas fallacies are failed arguments.
- Fallacies can be turned into arguments by changing the premise(s) or conclusion.
Ad Hominem
José
José’s Car
José’s Claims
Straw Man
- Straw man: misrepresenting someone’s argument then attacking that false representation
- A straw man is easier to knock down than a real man…
Freewrite
- Is it possible that The Straw Man is a result of not listening to other people? The Straw Man occurs when we give a weak interpretation of what someone else is saying. How often do we really listen to other people so we can understand them? If we listened more and tried to understand others’positions, would we commit less Straw Men?
False Dilemma
- False dilemma: saying that a choice involves only two alternatives in an attempt to get the listener to choose one over the other.
Misplaced Burden of Proof
- Misplaced burden of proof: when the burden of proof is placed on the wrong side of an issue.
- Person 1: “There’s a leprechaun in the forest.”
- Person 2: “How do you know?”
- Person 1: “Can you prove there isn’t?
Begging the question
- Begging the Question: reasoning in a circle, assuming what you’re trying to prove.
Appeal to Emotion
- Scare tactics
- Outrage
- Wishful thinking
- Pity
- Apple polishing
- Guilt trip
- Peer pressure
Irrelevant Conclusion
- Any other fallacious reasoning in which the premises are not relevant to the conclusion, but that does not fit the other categories.
