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reflectrelate5e_lectureppt_ch09.pptxChapter 9
Communicating Nonverbally
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Describing Nonverbal Communication (1 of 2)
Nonverbal communication: Intentional or unintentional transmission of meaning through nonspoken physical and behavioral cues
Describing Nonverbal Communication (2 of 2)
Nonverbal communication
Uses multiple channels
Is more ambiguous
Has fewer rules
Nonverbal Communication Has More Meaning
Mixed messages: Verbal and nonverbal behaviors that convey contradictory meanings
People almost always trust nonverbal messages more than verbal ones.
Nonverbal Communication Is Influenced by Culture
Most people need years of immersion in a culture before they fully understand that culture’s nonverbal communication.
Nonverbal Communication Is Influenced by Gender
Women are better than men at sending and receiving nonverbal messages.
Men are more territorial than women.
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Nonverbal Communication Is Liberated through Technology
Various media to choose from
Better for long-distance relationships
Nonverbal and Verbal Combine to Create Communication
Both nonverbal and verbal communication are essential when sending and receiving information.
Verbal and nonverbal communication are experienced not separately, but together.
Nonverbal Communication Codes
Nonverbal communication codes: Means used for transmitting information nonverbally
Communicating through Body Movements (1 of 2)
Kinesics: Visible body movements that communicate meaning
Facial expressions
Eye contact
Communicating through Body Movements (2 of 2)
• Gestures
Emblems
Illustrators
Regulators
Adaptors
• Posture: Conveys immediacy and power
Communicating through Voice
Vocalics: Vocal characteristics we use to communicate nonverbal messages
Tone
Pitch
Loudness
Speech rate
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Communicating through Touch
Haptics: Using touch to communicate
Six types of touch
Functional-professional touch
Social-polite touch
Friendship-warmth touch
Love-intimacy touch
Sexual-arousal touch
Aggressive-hostile touch
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Communicating through Personal Space (1 of 3)
Proxemics: Communicating through physical distance
Intimate space
Personal space
Social space
Public space
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Communicating through Personal Space (2 of 3)
Communicating through Personal Space (3 of 3)
Territoriality: Tendency to claim physical spaces as our own and to define certain locations as areas we don’t want others to invade without permission
Communicating through Physical Appearance
Physical appearance: Visible attributes such as hair, clothing, and body type
Facial symmetry is considered attractive across cultures.
Clothing has a major impact on how others perceive you.
Communicating through Objects
Artifacts: Things we possess that express our identity to others
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Communicating through the Environment
Environment: Physical features of our surroundings
Fixed features: Stable and do not change
Semifixed features: Easy to change
Functions of Nonverbal Communication
Nonverbal communication serves five functions:
Expresses emotions
Conveys meanings
Presents ourselves to others
Helps manage interactions
Defines relationships
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Expressing Emotion
Affect displays: Intentional or unintentional nonverbal behaviors that reveal actual or feigned emotions
Conveying Meanings
Indirect ways nonverbal cues augment verbal communication
Reiterating
Contradicting
Enhancing
Replacing
Spotlighting
Presenting Self
Nonverbal communication helps us present different aspects of our self to others.
Managing Interactions
Eye contact, facial expressions help us regulate flow of conversations.
Signal who speaks and for how long
Convey level of interest
Defining Relationships
Nonverbal communication helps to create intimacy, the feeling of closeness between us and our partners.
Also allows us to express dominance or submissiveness
Competently Managing Your Nonverbal Communication
Three principles
Nonverbal speaks louder than verbal.
Nonverbal messages depend on context.
Nonverbal and verbal communication work together.
