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reflectrelate5e_lectureppt_ch07.pptxChapter 7
Listening Actively
Listening: A Five-Step Process
Listening
Receiving
Attending
Understanding
Responding
Recalling
Receiving
Hearing: Sound wave vibrations travel along acoustic nerves to your brain.
Step 1: Receiving—seeing and hearing
Noise pollution can cause hearing impairment.
Attending
Step 2: Attending—devoting attention to the
information you’ve received
Salience is a factor in determining the extent of attending.
Limiting multitasking online improves attention.
Elevating your attention improves it.
Mental bracketing: Systematically putting aside irrelevant thoughts
Understanding
Step 3: Understanding—interpreting meaning
New information is housed in short-term memory, compared with your long-term memory.
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Responding
Step 4: Responding—conveying your attention and understanding after someone shares
Feedback: Given while others talk
Back-channel cues: Signal you’ve paid attention to and understand specifics
Paraphrasing: Summarizing others’ comments after they’ve finished talking
Recalling
Step 4: Recalling—remembering information
Mnemonics: Devices that aid memory
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The Five Functions of Listening
Listening functions
Listening to comprehend
Listening to discern
Listening to analyze
Listening to appreciate
Listening to support
Adapting Your Listening Purpose
Essential part of active listening is adapting your listening purposes to the changing demands of interpersonal encounters
Understanding Listening Styles
Both culture and gender affect listening styles.
Four Listening Styles
Listening style: Habitual pattern of listening behaviors
Action-oriented listeners
Time-oriented listeners
People-oriented listeners
Content-oriented listeners
Gender Differences in Listening Styles
Women: More likely to use people-oriented and content-oriented styles
Men: More likely to use time-oriented and action-oriented styles
Culture and Listening Styles
Effective listening varies across cultures.
In America: Time- and action-oriented listening styles dominate.
In collectivistic cultures: People- and content-oriented listening styles dominate.
Improving Listening Competence
Five types of incompetent listening
Selective listening
Eavesdropping
Pseudo-listening
Aggressive listening
Narcissistic listening
Selective Listening
Selective listening: Taking in only those bits and pieces of information that are immediately salient and dismissing the rest
To overcome selective listening, practice techniques for enhancing attention, like mental bracketing.
Eavesdropping
Eavesdropping: Intentionally and systematically setting up situations so that you can listen to private conversations
Eavesdropping is both inappropriate and unethical.
Pseudo-Listening
Pseudo-listening: Behaving as if you’re paying attention when you’re really not
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Aggressive Listening
Aggressive listening (also called ambushing): Attending to others solely to find an opportunity to attack them
Provocateurs: People who post online messages designed to annoy others
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Narcissistic Listening
Narcissistic listening: Self-absorbed listening
Ignoring what others say and redirecting the conversation to oneself
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