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REFERENCES AND CITATIONS – APA 7th Edition

Use this page as a reference for citing quotes in the text of the paper and on the Reference page.

QUOTES of 39 words or less are NOT indented; use quotation marks followed by the citation and a period.

“The Golden Rule does more than give people wins. It also has internal value for anyone who practices it” (Maxwell, 2005, p. 23).

QUOTES of 40 words or more are indented .5”, no quotation marks, followed by end mark and citation.

Example 1: Regular block quote No quotation marks – Sentence end punctuation goes before the citation

Humility begins with the recognition that all that we have is a gift from God. We are encouraged to be so very thankful for all the blessings bestowed upon us because there is a delicate balance in life between times of joy and times of adversity. Life has a way of turning on any of us even when we are doing everything right. (Kunau & Schlichtemeier, 2021, p. 33)

Example 2: Block with author quoting a secondary source - Use regular quotation marks within the block.

Maxwell (2005) said,

When others respect me, it touches something deeper within me. It gives me dignity, and it builds my confidence. Indian general and onetime Olympic athlete Dalip Singh observed, “A man who does not respect his own life and that of others robs himself of his dignity as a human being.” (p. 34)

CITATION FORMAT FOR EACH OF THE CLASS TEXTS:

Reference: Brown

Brown, B. E. (2003). Teaching character through sport: Developing a positive coaching legacy.

Coaches Choice. 

Citation:

“Great teams display excellent work habits” (Brown, 2003, p. 90).

OR

Brown (2003) said, “Great teams display excellent work habits” (p. 90).

Reference: Kunau & Schlichtemeier

Kunau, J., & Schlichtemeier, K. (2021). Timeless leadership principles: Building champions for life. Champions for Life.

Citation: For books with two authors, use the word "and" between the authors' names within the text and use the ampersand in parentheses.

“There is a strong relationship between a person’s motivation level and their self-discipline, and the eventual success realized in life” (Kunau & Schlichtemeier, 2021, p.56).

OR

Kunau and Schlichtemeier (2021) explained, “There is a strong relationship between a person’s motivation level and their self-discipline, and the eventual success realized in life” (p. 56).

Reference: Marx

Marx, J. (2004). Season of life; A football star, a boy, a journey to manhood. Simon & Schuster. 

Citation:

“But it was an accident I knew I would never forget” (Marx, 2004, p. 121).

OR

Marx (2004) said, “But it was an accident I knew I would never forget” (p. 121).

Reference: Maxwell

Maxwell, J. C. (2005). Ethics 101: What every leader needs to know. Center Street.

Citation:

“The second key is to develop discipline” (Maxwell, 2005, p. 61).

OR

Maxwell (2005) stated, “The second key is to develop discipline” (p. 61).

AUTHOR of a BOOK quotes someone else:

Reference:

Maxwell, J. C. (2005). Ethics 101: What every leader needs to know. Center Street.

Citation: (Note single and double quotation marks at the end of the quote)

“Mark Twain observed, ‘There are several good precautions against temptation, but the surest is

cowardice’” (as cited in Maxwell, 2005, p. 61).

OR “There are several good precautions against temptation, but the surest is cowardice” (Mark Twain, as cited in Maxwell, 2005, p. 61).

DEFINITION from MERRIAM-WEBSTER

Reference:

Merriam-Webster. (n.d.). Intelligence. In Merriam-Webster.com dictionary. Retrieved insert the date

from https://www.merriam- webster.com/dictionary/intelligence

Citation:

Intelligence is defined as “the ability to learn or understand or to deal with new or trying

situations” (Merriam-Webster, n.d., Def. 1).

QUOTE from APPENDIX G (Ten Christian Virtues and Civic Responsibilities):

Reference: Copy this reference EXACTLY. DO NOT insert text or change the information below.

Vieselmeyer, D. (Producer). (2022). Ten virtues and civic responsibilities for coaches and leaders of

sport in the 21st Century [Word Document] . Concordia University Irvine, MCAA530 Ethics in

Sport posted on Canvas.

Citation:

“The leader believes in the power of unconditional love to positively impact and change human behavior” (Vieselmeyer, 2020, para. 3).

The paragraph number refers to the location of the virtue in the Appendix. Example: The first virtue, faithful, would be listed as para. 1, second virtue, serving, para. 2, etc.

QUOTE from the BIBLE :

DO NOT list the Bible on the Reference page.

NO page or paragraph number for the quote.

NO version (New International (NIV), English Standard (ESV), etc.

Use the past tense. Example: said, stated, taught, etc.

Citation:

John 11:35 said, “Jesus wept.”

OR

“Jesus wept” (John 11:35).

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